Alija Izetbegovic, Peresidena o Bosnia, a Herzegovina: A Kawaihae

Alija Izetbegovic i kekahi o ia mau huahelu mōʻaukala e kū ana i ka hoʻomaka o ka hoʻokumuʻo o ka moku'āina. Oiai ka mōʻaukala o ke ao nei, hele aku la ia ma kēia hana 'ia, akā, i ka mea ia manawa kona kūlana i loko o nā' āina 'hananaʻano kekahi henua. Mokuaina o Bosnia, a Herzegovina ua Izetbegovic ole liʻiliʻi aie kona ola, akā, makemake mākou e aʻo a me ka 'ē aʻe, ao ke ano o ke ola ana o keia kanaka. No laila, e ka nānā ma nā lāliʻi Kawaihae o Alija Izetbegovic.

Ke kumu o ka genus Izetbegovic

Alija Izetbegovic kupuna ua he Muslim aristocrat Slavic me Kinohi Izet-noi aku nei Jahic, e noho ana i loko o Belgrade, a mālama ihola iā like me ka Ottoman aupuni a pau. Ua hele aku la ia mai ona aku i ka inoa o ka wā e hiki mai Peresidena o Bosnia a me Herzegovina. Akā, ma hope o ka Ottoman aupuni a pau i pio eʻike mai i ke ku okoa ana o Serbia, a ma ka 1868, e hookaawale ia mai kona poʻe hao wale, Izet Bey i me kana wahine, Hanim Tureke Sydykov, neʻe aku i Bosnia. Here ma Basanski Šamac ka mea, he elima keiki, a me Mustafa, makua Alija Izetbegovic.

I ka 1878, Bosnia a me Herzegovina hooholoia me ka Condominiums i loko o ka maoli hoolohe ana o ka Austro-Hunakalia aupuni a pau, akā, Izet-noi aku nei pu me kona 'ohana hoʻoholo,ʻaʻole e neʻe mai kēia mau wahi. I ka makahiki 1908, Austria-Hungary hoohuiia i ka māhele 'āina paʻa. Manawa, hoomaka ae la Izet-nonoi aku nei au, e malu loa prestige iwaena o na kamaaina, ka mea, e like me ia i hana ai, no ka hapanui, he poe Slavic Nā Poʻe Isalama. Kēia Ua e hoikeike ai ma ka mea i Izet Bey i koho Meia ma Basanski Šamac.

Soon, hoomaka ae la kekahi 'ano māpuna manawa. Serbian patriot, Gavrilo Princip i ka 1914 hana o ka poʻe hoʻoweliweli kanawai, pepehi i ke Kalaunu Prince Manuela Ferdinand ma Sarajevo, ka papa kuhikuhiE kulanakauhale Bosnia ka, waiwai laila, ke Austro-Hunakalia lei. Kēia mea hoʻonāukiuki i ka First World War. Izet-noi aku nei kōkua hoola kanaha Serbs ka poe i hana ino ia mai e'Aukekulia poʻe ma ka pili ana i ka hihia.

Keiki Izet-noi aku, a me ka makua kāne o ka wā e hiki mai Peresidena o Bosnia, a Herzegovina Mustafa loaa bookkeeper hoʻonaʻauao. Ma World War I like ke kamaaina o Austria-Hungary, la oia i kaua aku ai i loko o ka poʻe kaua o ka moku'āina. Ma ka Italia alo, Mustafa iʻino eha, hoʻonāukiukiʻana mai o ka moku'āina o kokoke lōlō, i ka i ana i ua ma kahi o 10 makahiki.

Aka hoi, Mustafa mare i kekahi kaikamahine o Hiba, mare i ka mea mua i hānau ka mea, na keikikane elua a me nā kaikamāhineʻelua i ka hanau ana o Aliya.

Birth a kakahiaka makahiki o ke ola Alija Izetbegovic

Alija Izetbegovic Ua hanau ia ma August 1925 ma ka Bosnian kūlanakauhale o Basanski Šamac. Ma hope o kona Hânau 'ia i ka' ohana nui i ka hana i ua loa maikai. Kona makua kāne Mustafa ana pū ana ma ka oihana, akā, Alia i hanau mau makahiki ma hope, ua haʻakoiʻia e hai aku panakalupa. ʻO kēia makahiki no kaʻohana hoʻoneʻe i ka nui kulanakauhale ma ka aina - Sarajevo.

Ke pili aupuni kulana home 'ole i loko o ke aupuni

Oiai ka papa ?? eoi? O Bosnia, a Herzegovina ua hapa o ke Aupuni o Serbs, Croats a me Slovenes, i hanaʻia ma hope o ke Kaua Honua I i ka 1918 ma ka hoʻokuʻi pū o ke Aupuni o Serbia me ka Balkan hapa o ka defunct Austro-Hunakalia aupuni a pau, a komo pū Bosnia. Ka hui ana i lalo o ka hoailonamoi o ka Serbian mō'ī Aleksandra Karageorgievicha, ka mea,ʻaʻole naʻe, i loa curtailed i loko o kā lākou mau mea e pono ai.

E hoʻomaka ana i ka 1921, o ka ke alii nui a me ka houʻana i ka oihana a eha makahiki ma hope o ua i hana i ka coup i ka hanau ana o Alija Izetbegovic (1929). E like me ka no o keia kipi Aleksandr Karageorgievich loaa dictatorial mana, a me ke aupuni ua lilo i ka hou inoa - ke Aupuni o Yugoslavia. A laila,ʻo ia banned a pau kālai'āina aoao a me ka hoʻonohonohoʻia.

Makau o centrifugal tendencies, ke alii increasingly curtailed i nā pono kīvila o ke kanaka. Ka moku'āina Ua maheleia i na apana - Banovina, i geographically mea ole pahuhopu nei me ka Hawaiʻi nei i hoʻokumu wahi, mahele ae la ia lakou i mau apana. Ke AIM Aleksandra Karageorgievicha ua e hoohui i ka multinational a me ka nunui-haipule heluna o ke aupuni i loko o ka hookahi lāhui pūʻulu - nā Yugoslavs. Ka hoʻokō 'ana i kēia, no ka mō'ī i i hoʻowahāwahā maila i repressive ki ina hana like, a he, kena ae la kāʻeoʻeo i waena o ka mau heluna. He ultimately alakaʻi ai i ka pepehi kanaka o King Croatian nationalists i ka makahiki 1934. Ke aupuni hou i hookama i ke kulekele o ke rapprochement me ka fascist bloc (Kelemania, a Italy).

wa opiopio

Ua ua i loko o kēia Makamae lewa, hoomaka ae la i kona pili aupuni haʻawina o ka wā e hiki mai Peresidena o ka Repubalika o Bosnia a me Herzegovina. Ma ka manawa o ka aoao hana i mua, ua hewa. ʻO i loko o ka makahiki o ka umikumamalima, Alija Izetbegovic hui i ka hui "Young Nā Poʻe Isalama 'haipule-kālai'āina külana. ʻO kēia makahiki, i ka poe kaua o Nazi Germany hooukaia mai Yugoslavia. Ke aupuni Ua maoli ku, a me ka mea i wela ai liberation guerrilla ana alakaiia e ka Communist Tito, a Mihailovic monarchist. Bosnia lilo kekahi hapa o ka lānai hou i hana State o Croatia, a ua he ukali o Germany.

I loko nō o kēia, i ka 1943, Alija Izetbegovic puka 'o ia mai ke kula kiʻekiʻe. Hope ana, oia iloko i ke College o Mahiai Māhele. Ma keia manawa i kona haʻawina i loko o ka SS "Hazhar 'Islamic mahele. Akā koke i kipaku Hitler i ka poʻe hao wale, mai ka mokuna o Yugoslavia, a me ke aupuni a me ke kākoʻo mai o ka Soviet Union, na communists hele mai la i ka mana, alakaiia'ku e Yosifom Broz Tito.

dissident manawa

Ma hope o ua noho mai kulanui Izetbegovic Ua koho 'i loko o ke kaua. Aia O kekahi keiki Muslim activists, hoomaka ae la he nui haipule propaganda. No keia, e like me ka pono me ka komo ana ma ka banned ma ka Communist? Eia o "Young Nā Poʻe Isalama" i ka MH 1946,ʻo ia ka'ōlelo hoʻopaʻi i ka makahiki ekolu i loko o ka hale paʻahao.

I ka 1949, Izetbegovic i hookuu ia. I ka makahiki 1956, ua puka 'o ia i ka i kāinoaʻia holoʻokoʻa, puka' o ia mai ke Kulanui o Sarajevo. I ka hookahi makahiki o kana keiki i hanau Bakir Izetbegovic.

Ma hope o ka puka, ua hana Izetbegovic'ōlelo aʻo i loko o kekahi mau kekahi kaʻao ka poʻe. Eia naʻe,ʻo ia i poina e pili ana i na hana pili aupuni, 'Imi lawe kekahi i loko o ka hana o ke kalaka nui-loio i ano o Muslim a papa hana.

mau buke

I ka 1970, ua paʻi "Islamic ka HŌʻIKE I". He mahalo i kēia puke, ka mea a pau, ao nei i ike i ka Alija Izetbegovic. "Ka Islamic'Ōlelo Ho'ākāka i" i kapaʻia no ka hoʻokumu o ka Muslim kaiāulu i loko o ka Balkans, i ua koa loa i loko o nā realities o ka Communist? Eia. Oia hoi, he nui kēia noiʻi manaoio i ka hana imbued me Islamic fundamentalism.

I ka 1983, Izetbegovic i ka'ōlelo hoʻopaʻi i 14 makahiki ma ka hale paʻahao no ka ho'āʻo e recreate i ka hui "Young Nā Poʻe Isalama". ʻO i loko o ka hale paʻahao,ʻo ia e hoʻokele i ka palapala, a waiho i ka makemake o ka puke hiʻona'āina i kona lua - ". Hoʻomana Mohameka ma waena o East a me West"

O ka hale paʻahao ki hiki ole ke hoopaa i ka holo ana o ka manao i na kii me Alija Izetbegovic. Books o keia mau huahelu mea mahaloia i waena o ka Muslim heluna o multiethnic Yugoslavia.

manawa no ka loli

Eia naʻe, ma ka hopena o ka 80-ies o XX kenekulia i loko o ke ola pili aupuni o Yugoslavia, e like me nā mea a pau i ka aina o ka Socialist e hoʻomoana ai, ma laila i ua mea hou. Society Ua lilo democratized. I ka 1989, Izetbegovic i hookuu prematurely.

ʻOiai ke aupuni no hoʻohana i ka Communist? Eia, akā, ma ia manawa i 'ae i ka multiparty kahua. Ua 'ae' Izetbegovic loa aʻe ka makahiki ma hope o kona hookuu, e hoonohonoho i ka hou pili aupuni koa, a loaa ka inoa o "kemokalaka hana a Party." Ka hoʻokikina mai keia hui, lilo iho la oia i ka lala, a laila, Luna hoomalu o ke Keʻena Pelekikena o Bosnia a me Herzegovina, a ma ia manawa ua i kekahi hapa o Yugoslavia. I ka mea, Izetbegovic lilo i ke poo o ka Yugoslav Repubalika.

kaua

I ke kakahiaka nui 90-ies o Bosnia, a Herzegovina (BiH), e like me nā republics o ka disintegrating Yugoslavia, e lilo i ka loa o ke kaua koko. I ka makahiki 1991 kēia repubalika alakaʻiʻia Izetbegovic, ka poe i ma i Peresidena, hai mai la kona kuokoa. Keia ua ma paʻewa me na pomaikai o Croatia a me Serbia, BiH Ua hoʻolala e puunaue mawaena o lakou iho.

War loaa kŘpuna pālākiō. I kona holo ana, Izetbegovic ia i hopu, a ma ka mea pio ma ka Yugoslav koa, akā, i hope, kuu ia makahiki, no kā lākou noa holo mai Sarajevo.

I ka 1995, Bosnian Nā Poʻe Isalama, hui me ka Croatian koa hanaia mai i ka nui make a hiki i ka Serbs.

I ia makahiki, i kakau inoa ia me ka hana US 'uao' ana ma waena o nā alakaʻi o Bosnia, Serbia a me Croatia, i mea ma ka mea o ka Dayton berita ana i ke kaua Bosnian.

Ke hou Bosnia, a Herzegovina

It Dayton waiho iho la i ke kumu o kēia pili nenoaiie o Bosnia a me Herzegovina. Kēia moku'āina Ua lilo ka Mai de facto confederation oia hoi o ka Hui o Bosnia a me Herzegovina, Republika Srpska a me Brcko District.

Mai 1996, Bosnia a Herzegovina lilo i ka hale kanawai repubalika, a hoopau loa i ke kia o ka Peresidena. ʻO ka moʻolelo moku'āina Alija Izetbegovic, Ua hoʻopiʻi 'ana i lâlâ o ka Presidium, i ma luna o ka mea, a hiki i 2000.

make

Alija Izetbegovic make i loko o October 2003 i loko o ke kapikala o Bosnia , a Herzegovina ma ka makahiki o ka 78 makahiki. Make i ke kumu ma ka loa naʻau pilikia. He Ua kanuʻiaʻo ia i loko o ka pā ilina ma Sarajevo "Kovači".

I ka 2006, i ka hale kupapau o ka pelekikena mua o Bosnia, a Herzegovina i puhi i ka vandals.

ohana

Alija Izetbegovic i mare i ka wahine, o Khalid. Like kela Orthodox Muslim, ia i paʻa i loko o ka malu o kana kane, i alakai i ka lehulehu ke ola.

I ka makahiki 1956, ma Sarajevo i loko o ko laua mare ana, ua hanau ia i wale nō keiki - keiki Bakir. Mai ka 2010 Bakir Izetbegović mea, e like me ma mua, me kona makua kāne, he lâlâ 'o ka Presidium o na Nā Poʻe Isalama o Bosnia. He mea he kaikamahine Jasmina, a haule moʻopuna wahine Alia Izetbegovic.

Nohona ma ka auhau o ka

E like me 'oe ke ike, Alija Izetbegovic ua kokoke controversial pili aupuni huahelu, akā, o ka papa,ʻo ia i kaʻiʻo na makana,ʻaʻole wale nō i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ka'āina, akā, i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ke ao nei e like me ka a pau. Ma ka kekahi lima, ia mea iloko o ka Apana World hana pū 'ana me ka fascist ka hoʻonohonohoʻia, a ua lilo iho laʻikeʻia me ka Islamic propagandist kona hana i kokoke ma ka fundamentalism. Nō hoʻi, i ka mea i nui kona kulana, nae, e like he nui 'ē pili huahelu o ka manawa, fueling ke koko Bosnian kaua.

Ma ka kekahi lima, ia mea pili kēia hoomaikai i kona mau hana i hele mai e kuni i ke keiki kuokoa moku'āina - Bosnia a me Herzegovina. Eia hou, ke hiki, e negotiate ua i ka mea e like ai i ka pilina a hiki i ka hopena o ka Dayton i ke kuʻikahi ma, a pela i pau ai ka kaua.