Apapika numerals. Me Kinohi, cia

Apapika numerals - He umi makemakika hōʻailona ma i mooolelo kekahi helu. Ka mea, e nana like penei: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9. mau kii iʻikeʻia ma Europe i loko o ka X-XIII kenekulia. I kēia lā, ka hapanui aina hoʻohana Apapika numerals e palapala i ka helu o ka hana i loko o ka kekimala helu nenoaiu. Ke kumu o Apapika numerals ua nō,ʻaʻole iʻikeʻia no kekahi. Kekahi kānakaʻepekema i manaoio i ka Apapika numerals hele mai ia mākou, mai Inia ma ka V kenekulia BC, akā, lilo iho la he ākea hoomaikai i ka mea kaulana ¶ʻO'Araba haumāna'ōlelo-Khwarizmi, i ua hoʻomano popularized ia. Kēia honua-kaulana nä känaka 'epekema i ke kumu o ka hoonoho "Kitab AL-Jabr WA-AL-Muqabala". A o ka inoa o keia hoonoho, a ua i ka hua'ōlelo "hōʻailona helu", a i lilo ole pono i ka makahiki, akā, 'epekema, me ka a he mea hiki ole ia i noonoo ai i ko kakou ola.

Ke Apapika numerals i mahaloʻia e ka poʻe e noho ana Muslim aina a me ka maemae haumana. About elima kenekulia, eʻano nui hoʻohana i kēia mau helu ma ka Arabia. Me kā lākou kōkua, ua, ua hiki ke loaʻa ai ka pomaikai nui ma ka hōʻailona helu, makemakika, a me ka medievalʻepekema kiko'ī sciences, iā Europeʻo ke kapoʻo malalo iho i loko o ka naaupo a me ka obscurantism.

Ke kumu o Apapika numerals ma Europe aie i ka mea i ma ka ?? eoi? O kēia Spain coexisted mau Hawaii - ka Pakelona County Karistiano a me ka Muslim Caliphate o Cordoba. Sylvester II o, ka mua alihi kaua o ka Ekalesia Karistiano mai ka 999 a hiki i 1003, ua he unusually ka hoʻonaʻauao aku i ke kanaka a me ka poʻokela nä känaka 'epekema. He ua hiki ke ike ia o ka poʻeʻEulopa, e kū ai i ka Arabia ma ka kilohōkū a me ka makemakika. E like me ka mea mōneka, oia loaa komo i ka ¶ʻO'Araba akeakamai buke a me ka hoonoho. Sylvester II huli i kona noonoo ana, e hooluolu aku au i ka pono Apapika numerals, a hoomaka iho la intensively hoohanohano ia maʻEulopa. Ua halawai ke kanaka koke, huli i kona noonoo ana i ka nui pono i Apapika numerals like me ka Roma, hoʻomano hoʻohana i ia mau lā maʻEulopa.

'Aʻole pono ka noho ana oʻEulopa aina oaeuiinoe ke alahula mau scientific waiwai o keia ike. Ua i ekolu kenekulia i ka poe nui i hele mai i loko o hoʻohana, a ua lanakila ke ao aku iaia. Akā, ma hope o ua ia ¶ʻO'Araba na kii o ko lakou mau wahi i loko o medieval 'Eulopa, i ke kakahiaka nui pakebona. Me ka hoike ana o Apapika numerals hoomaka ae la e hoʻomohala makemakika a me ke kālaikūlohea, kilohōkū a me ka hana kemika. Europa 'epekema i ke mele hou impetus i kona hou kūpono' ana.

No ke aha la ua Apapika numerals i ka hoailona? Aia ka he kuhiakau i ka mea i hana i ka pololei laina Hoʻohana, a me ka helu o nā kihi o ka ia me ka huahelu wale. No ka laʻana, 'Aʻoheʻaʻohe kihi, a me ka palapala o ka mea kiʻi huahelu 1 - kekahi kihi 2 - he a mau pana pua, etc. Over manawa, pana pua a me ka nui loaa o Keʻei oʻikena mau palapala ... Keia, o ka papa, he hana hoihoi kuhiakau, akā, ia mea i ka loa oiaio.

Ma ka ninau a pehea kanaka e hele mai me ka Apapika numerals, pane mea e maʻalahi. ʻepekema, i kaʻauiʻana o manaoio ia, loa paha, ka mea e kākau ia i ka Arabia, mai Inia, ma ka hoailona hou pili loa kohu kēia huahelu. He ma ka Mauna mea hana ma ka V-IX kenekulia,ʻepekema i mooolelo o kona helehelena ua like no me ke kālā no na kii i loaʻa.

Pehea Mauna oeeo? Hoopahaohao ma Apapika? ¶ʻO'Araba ma hope o ka haule ana o ka Roma aupuni a pau i loko o ka V kenekulia BC. e ka. intensively kālepa me Inia, a me nā meaʻala, nā meaʻala, a me nā pōhaku makamae i lawe hou na kii, a lilo aku ia i ke ¶ʻO'Araba ma hope o ka mea i maemae a popularized ma ka Arabia. No laila, i ka ninau o ka poʻe hele mai me ka Apapika numerals, Ua nō hamama.