Bombay kŰia - He aha ka keia?

Ke kanaka kino ua ike no kona kū hoʻokahi. Aie i ka mea okoa mutations, i hoʻomaka ai i kela la i loko o ko mākou mau kino, ua lilo kanaka, e like me kekahi mau hoailona i ke kuai, i me ka nui loa okoa, mai ka poe mai o ka mawaho, a na aʻe o nā kanaka. Me ka pili ana i keia koko pae.

Ka mea, me ke ano mua, e mahele ia i loko o 4 ano. Eia naʻe, nui loa kākaʻikahi, akā, e loaʻa i ke kanaka ka mea e e kekahi pae o ke koko (ma muli o ka aaiaoe ano o na makua), i he loa okoa, kekahi. Oia ka paradox ua kapaia ka "Bombay kŰia".

He aha ka mea?

Kēia manawa maopopo i ka aaiaoe mutation. He loa pohihihi - 1 Ina no he umi miliona kanaka. Bombay kŰia loaʻa kona inoa, mai ke kulanakauhale Indian o Bombay.

Ma India, aia no he hooponopono, na kanaka o ka i ka loa, he pono ole, "chimeric" ke koko pae. Kēia 'o ia hoʻi i ka manao paa o kaʻulaʻula koko aeea antigens ma maʻamau ano palapala E hoike mai, no ka mea hoike, i ka lua o ka pae, akā, ma ka mea ku i ka mutations i loko o ke kanaka mua.

Keia mea aie a hiki i ke kahua o kekahi kanaka recessive'ōewe hui N. maʻamau, ina he kanaka - heterozygous no keia'ōewe, o ka hoailona aʻole i ikea, he recessive allele hiki ole hana kona kuleana pili i. Ma muli o ka pololei ole ka hui pu ana o ka makua chromosomes i hana i ka paʻa o recessive nā'ōewe, a me Bombay kŰia ia lŘlŘ.

Pehea, alaila, o kona ulu ana?

Mōʻaukala o ka kŰia

A like kŰia ua, ua ho'ākāka 'ia ma nā' inikua nā puke, akā,ʻaneʻane nō ia i ka waena o ka 20th kenekulia, i kekahi i kekahi manaʻo ke kumu keia e hanaia.

Kēia paradox Uaʻike ma Inia i ka makahiki 1952. Ke kauka nāna i alakaʻi i ke ao, kaulana i na makua kekahi koko (i kona makua kāne,ʻo ia ka mua, a me kona makuwahine - i ka lua o ka), a ua loaa he kolu keiki hanau.

Me ka hana malu ma keia kŰia, ke kauka ua hiki ke hooholo ia i ke kino o kona makua kāne i hiki ke somehow mutate, e ka mea e hiki ai ke manaoio ia ia i ke alo o ka pae mua. Hekikai no nā loli i ka ukuia a hiki i ka nele o ka'ūhū e synthesize i kumuʻiʻo o ka hoihoi, a makemake kōkua ho oholo i ka antigen kūpono. Naʻe, manawa ua,ʻaʻole he'ūhū, laila, i ka pae hiki ole ke pono wale ia.

Ke kŰia o na elele o ka Europa lāhui mea he pohihihi keia. A iki hou aku pinepine, e hiki ke 'imi i ka Media "Bombay koko" ma India.

Pähola 'ana o ke kumu o ka Bombay koko

Kekahi o na kumu nui theories o ka muli o kekahi hanana pūʻulu o ke koko o ka chromosomal mutation. No ka laʻana, he kanaka me ka ha o ke koko pae hiki recombination o alleles ma chromosomes. Ia mea, ma ke kahua o gametes na nā'ōewe kuleana i ka'āina hoʻoili o ka koko pūʻulu, ke neʻe ma ke kēia mau alanui: nā'ōewe A a me B, e ia i loko o ka gamete (mahope kanaka hiki ke loaa i kekahi pae wale ka mea mua kekahi) a e ole e lawe i ka 'ē aʻe gamete na nā'ōewe kuleana no ke koko pae . Ma ia he hihia ia mea hiki hooilina gametes ole antigens.

Na wale keʻakeʻa nei i kona aku o ka oiaio i na mea he nui o kēia mau gametes make me ke ahiahi, ma ka embryogenesis ka hana '. Eia naʻe, paha, kekahi ola, a me ka mea a laila ka paipai 'ana i ke kahua o ka Bombay koko.

Hiki kue o ka'ōewe, a me ka haawi aku i ke kahua o ka zygote ole embryo (i ka hopena o ka 'aʻe' ana o maternal kino a excessive hoʻohana o ka waiʻona).

Keʻano papa hana o ka? Acaeoey o keia kulana

Like i ua mai la, ka mea a pau hilinaʻi nui ma luna o nā'ōewe.

kanaka genotype (ka 'ia paha o nā mea a pau kona nā'ōewe) mea pololei e kaukaʻi ma o ka makua, a oi kaʻoi loa, i ke ano o ka symptoms ua hele mai na makua i na keiki.

Inā 'oe e nana malalo iho i loko o ka haku mele' ana o ka antigens, ka mea hiki ke ike i ua loaa mai ia lakou i ke koko 'ano o nā mākua. No ka laʻana, ina kekahi o ia mau mea mua, a me ka mea 'ē aʻe - i ka lua, i ke keiki, e i wale i kekahi o kēia mau pūʻulu. Inā ulu Bombay kŰia, a pau ka hana he uuku okoa:

• Ka lua o ke koko malalo o'ōewe a kuleana no ka hoʻololi kemikala o ka hana i ho'ākāka 'antigen - A. ka mua kekahi, a' Aʻohe, i maopopo nā'ōewe.
• Hoʻololi kemikala A manawa i ka hana o ka antigen H chromosome māhele kuleana no ka differentiation.
• Inā he mea i ole ma o ka'ōnaehana o ka DNA māhele, na antigens hiki ole pono differentiate, no ka mea, o ka mea i ke keiki i loaʻa iā ia mai ka makua antigen A, a me ka lua, e hooholo i ka allele eʻaʻole e hiki ke genotype paʻa (conventionally kapa ia nn). Kēia hana suppresses ka recessive uahi hapa A, ai ke keiki o ka mua pūʻulu.

Inā pau generalize, e huli mai i ka papa kuhikuhiE kaʻina hoomaopopo ana Bombay kŰia - recessive epistasis.

ole-allelic AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN

E like me i olelo ia, ke kumu o ka kŰia waiho Bombay nonallelic'ōewe hana kūleʻa - epistasis. Kēiaʻano o ka'āina hoʻoili mea okoa ma ka mea hoʻokahi'ōewe suppresses ka hana ana o kekahi, a hiki ina ka nui allele mea Hoʻohaku.

Ke aaiaoe kumu o ka mea i ka kŰia ua ulu Bombay - epistasis. Ke peculiarity o kēia 'ano o ka hooilina ka recessive epistatic'ōewe i mea ikaika ma mua o ia o ka hypostatic, akā, i maopopo ai i ke koko pae. No ia mea, inhibitor'ōewe e produces ka suppression mea,ʻaʻole hiki ke hana i kekahi kāna moʻolelo. No ka mea, o keia, ua hanau i ke keiki me ka "i" ke koko pae.

Oia AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN mea aaiaoe, pela no ia mea hiki ke kuhikuhi i ke alo o ka recessive allele mai kekahi makua. Loli i ka hooulu ana o ka ua koko pae, akā, e nui no laila, he mea hiki ole i ka hoʻololi 'ana i ia. Nolaila, o ka poe i he Bombay kŰia o ka maʻamau o ke ola noaia dictates kekahi rula, nānā i na kanaka ke ola i ka maʻamau ola, aʻaʻole e makau no ko lakou ola.

Oi loa aku hoi ke ola ana o kanaka me keia mutation

I mau, kanaka-nā moku halihali mokulele Bombay koko mea i okoa mai ka mau. Eia naʻe, pilikia e ala mai ka wā koi transfusion (kaumaha hana, he ulia pakalaki i 'ole mai o ke koko nenoaiu). Ma nānaina o ka papa antigenic haku mele 'ana o kēia mau kanaka ka mea hiki ole ninini i kekahi koko koe Bombay. Loa pinepine mau hewa ana i loko loa wahi, i hiki, i ka wa aole he manawa i loa nana i ka Ikepili o ka hoʻomanawanui ka ula koko keena.

Quiz hōʻike, no kekahi laʻana, he lua hui. I ka wā i kekahi koko transfusion i ka hoomanawanui i loko o kēia hui e hoʻoikaika i intravascular hemolysis, kūpono i ka make. He no ka mea, o keia incompatibility antigens ahonui e pono ai wale nō ke Bombay koko, mau me ka ia monkeys i loaʻa ia.

Kēia kanaka i makahiki 18 e hookoe i ko lakou mau koko, i laila, ua i ka wanaao ae ma ka hihia o ka popilikia. Other hiʻona o ka ia i loko o ke kino o kēia kanaka mai i loaʻa. Pela, ua hiki ke olelo aku i ka kŰia o Bombay - he "Aloha Hawaii" ma mua o ka maʻi. E noho ana me ia, e like me ka hiki, e wale e hoomanao ana i ko lakou "kū hoʻokahi".

Pilikia me ka fatherhood

Bombay kŰia - he "ʻino o ka mare ana." I ka papa kuhikuhiE pilikia ke moe i loko o ka mea ana i ka manao paa o ka paternity, me ka kūikawā haʻawina he mea hiki ole ke hooiaio i ke ola ana o ka kŰia.

Inā koke kekahi ua hooholoia e möakäka hou i ka pilina, laila, eʻoiaʻiʻo, e hai aku ia ia i ka mea e hiki ola ana o ia he mutation. Ka hoao ana no ka aaiaoe ń i loko o ia o ka hihia e e hou ia mai, a me ka study o ka antigenic haku mele 'ana o ke koko a me ka ulaula koko keena. I ole ia, i ke keiki ka makuahine holo i ka pilikia o ka i wale, me ke kane.

O kŰia ke ho'āʻo wale ma ka mea o aaiaoe ho'āʻo a me ka manao paa o ke koko pae type hooilina. Ke like ka loa pipiʻi, a i ole e holopono ana ma keia laha ana. Nolaila, i ka wa e hanau i ke keiki me ka okoa koko pūʻulu E e kēia Bombay kŰia koke. 'Aʻole he oluolu hana, no ka mea, ka mea, ua ike no ia i ka mea o kēia ōlaʻi o kanaka.

Bombay koko a me kona mea hiki wale mai nei a ianoiyuaa a

I oleloia, ua pohihihi keia kanaka me Bombay koko. Ma Caucasians, i kēia 'ano o ke koko kokoke, aole e ana; Hindus like keia koko mea oi, he pono ole (ma ka awelika, o ka poʻeʻEulopa mea hiki wale mai i keia koko - kekahi hihia no 10 miliona kanaka). Aia ka he pähola 'ana i kēia kŰia e hoʻomōhala ana i loko o ka ikaika o ke' āina a me ka hoʻomana o ka Hindus.

Ua noa i ike ia ma India o ka bipi wahine i ka holoholona kapu a me kona ai hiki ole ke aiia. Paha manawa i ka mea i ka pipi he kekahi antigens i hiki i nā loli i loko o ka aaiaoe kivila, ke Bombay koko pinepine ikeia. He nui ka poʻeʻEulopa ai pipi, i mea he elue no ka muli o ke kumumanaʻo o ka suppression o antigen recessive epistatic'ōewe.

Paha 'ole ma ka climatic rula, naʻe, i kēia kumumanaʻo ua a ianoiyuaa a i? Anoee, no laila mea hoike no kona hoapanoiaʻi ole.

Ka manaʻo nui o ka Bombay koko

Eia naʻe, e pili ana i Bombay koko manawa i lohe ai i kekahi mau. O kŰia ua ike wale hematologists a me nā kānakaʻepekema ka hana i loko o ka mahinaʻai o aaiaoe wilikî. ka mea wale nō eʻike e pili ana i Bombay kŰia ana ia mea, pehea e hoike mai ai ia ia, a me ka pono e ia ka wā nä. Eia naʻe, no laila, a hiki i ka weheia ka kiko'ī kumu o keia kŰia.

Inā nānā akula au i mai ke kuanaʻike o evolution, ke Bombay koko o ka noho lakou malaila ololi. He nui ka poʻe e ola kekahi manawa koi transfusions a me ka hope. Ma ke alo o ka Bombay koko ole ke moe i loko o kona hikiʻole, e puku i ke ano o ke koko. No ka mea, o keia, pinepine hoʻomōhala ona nā haumāna i loko o ia kanaka.

Inā 'oe e nānā i ka' ē aʻeʻaoʻao o ka pilikia, he mea hiki i ka Bombay koko Ua oi maemae ehiku ma mua o ke koko o ka mea maʻamau antigen haku mele 'ana. ka mea, aole i hiki maopopo hoomaopopo kona waiwai, no laila mākou e hiki ole aku nei au i ka ka kŰia o Bombay - he poino a me ka makana.