Clastic pōhaku. Description a me ka Mea Maluna o ka pohaku

Ma na naau o ka honua, Ua kokoke pau loa ke papa'āweʻaweʻa kemika papaʻaina. Nine hehee wale kuahene ma waena o ia i ka hui o a ka maoli nā minelala hao. One a oi nā minelala hao paha e komo i loko o ka pōhaku o ka honua. He 'atikala e ho'āʻo i ka hana a me kā lākouʻano, a me ka waiwai ka waiwai.

He aha ka i ka pohaku

No ka mea manawa mua i kēia makahiki i hoopili mākou Lūkini nä känaka 'epekema Severgin i ka makahiki 1978. Definition hiki ke haawiia ka: pōhaku - kēia pilina i loko o kekahi o kekahi mau maoli ai 'ia nā minelala hao i ka paʻa' ole a me ka haku mele 'ana. Pōhaku Hiki ke loaʻa mai'ō a'ō, e like me ka mea, i ka integral hapa o ka honua, ka pńpa.

Inā e heluhelu i ka hōʻikeʻano o ka pōhaku, a pau kekahi mau hoailona ka mea, e:

• Paʻapū.
• Porosity.
• Waihoʻoluʻu.
• Oiaio.
• Ikaika e kū'ē'ē mai i ka hau.
• Nani Loa ano.

Ke kaumaha ma muli o ka hui malu pu ana o ke ano a lakou i hoʻohana.

Ke 'ano o nā pōhaku

Ma ka naau o ka pohaku huahelu ma nāʻano likeʻole o ka Nine Inch a me ka mea pōhaku haku mele 'ana. Ua haawiia mai ke inoa o ka pohaku, kaumaha ma muli o kā lākou mau kumu. mea e kaʻana like pae noonoo. Common Mea Maluna e nana i ka aoao.

1. Sedimentary pōhaku:

• clastic pōhaku;
• organogenous;
• chemogenic;
• hui.

2. Magmatic:

• lua;
• plutonic;
• hypabyssal.

3. Metamorphic:

• isochemical;
• metasomatic;
• ultrametamorphic.

Next, manao he oi piha characterization o kēia mau? Ueo.

sedimentary pōhaku

Kekahi pōhaku, e hōʻike 'ana i ka mea makau o ka likeʻole aʻe, a mawaho keʻano o ka hanaʻana hiki ke ino i ka hoʻololi' ana i kona helehelena. Ka mea, hoʻomaka e wāwahi ai, i ka'ōpala hoʻi hoolaha aku, hiki ke waiho ma ka lalo o ka moana a me ka moana. E like me ka hopena - i ke kahua o sedimentary pōhaku.

Classify pōhaku o sedimentary ka molekumu o ka pilikia, no ka hapanui o ia i hana ma lalo o ka aoao o na mea he nui keʻano o ka hanaʻana, nolaila, e kaila ia i ka kekahi pūʻulu mea kokoke ole. Currently, i kēia 'ano o ka pohaku ua maheleia i:

• Clastic pōhaku. Ano he kumu hoʻohālike hiki i okoa: ka ninau iliili ai paopaoia pohaku, one a me ka palolo, a me na mea e ae.
• Organogenous.
• Chemogenic.

E ka kamailio e pili ana i kēlā me kēia ole palapala.

Clastic pōhaku

Ka mea,ʻikeʻia aie i ke kahua o ka'ōpala. Inā mākou classify ia e like me kā lākou 'ole, i ke kala:

• Lepo pipili no hoi pohaku.
• Unconsolidated.

Keʻano mua Desha i ka ai pili aku ke keʻena, a hiki e na poe e carbonates a me clays. Ka lua oʻano aʻole i kēia mau waiwai no ia mea, i ka moe kolohe 'ole.

E hiki no hoi ke koho 'ana o ka clastic pōhaku pinepine nā ko läkou' a me ka i koe iho o nā mea kanu a me nā holoholona. O nā na leho o mollusks malamaia fossils o ke kumu, insect mau eheu.

Loa ike clastic pōhaku. Ano he kumu hoʻohālike hoʻopaʻa i kēia. By detrital i terrific one a me ka palolo, pōhaku kuʻi a me ka iliili, e like me na mea e ae. A pau o ia mau hoʻomano hoʻohana ma o ka hana oihana puolo.

moe o ka pohaku

Kēia pūʻulu o ka huina hoonui o Nine Inch reactions. Wahi ia ia, i e paʻakai, e like me potasiuma a me ka bauxite. Ke kaʻina hana o ka ho okumu i kēia 'ano o ka ole i ke hoomau aku i loko o nāʻaoʻao:

1. Gradual lehulehu o ke kaʻina hana pāʻoihana. Ua ua i ke hoʻokoe 'aneʻi, a me ka hope o ka pāhawewe, mai ka lā.
2. Hui hou paʻakai ma ka hoemi ana wela.

Ka 'ole o ia mau? Ueo e hilinaʻi ma luna o kahi o ka mea ana. ʻO ka mea i hanaʻia ma luna o kaʻili o ka honua, i ke kinona o ka? Aieeeua, a me ka hohonu mea, ua hala loa okoa.

Loa hoʻomano hoʻohana 'mai i kēia pae o ka pōhaku, examples wale nō eʻae i kēia. I na kaha o ka pohaku i:

• Mea pōhaku paʻakai.
• Bauxite.
• Limestones.
• Dolomite, magnesite, a he nui na mea e ae.

I akua oiaio loa, he pono ole pōhaku i loko o ke kahua o ka i i hele e likeʻole o ka hana kūlohelohe. Name o nā pōhaku i i ia wahi i loko o ia ke ala - hui. No ka laʻana, one hiki ke halawai me ka admixture o ka lepo.

Organogenic sedimentary pōhaku

Inā clastic pōhaku i kekahi manawa i komo i loko o kona haku mele 'ana koe ke ola meaola, a laila, i kēia pae ka pono i kekahi o lakou, a me ka mea. It nā:

• Oil a me ka shale.
• Bitumen.
• Posapahate pōhaku.
• Kalepona i huiʻia, e like me chalk, a pau i kakauia ma ka papa ele ele.
• Limestones.

Inā mākou e kamailio e pili ana i ka haku mele, ka limestone a me ka chalk ua kokoke loa i mai o koena o ka leho a kahiko mollusks, foraminifera, ka pōhaku punakea,, e like me ka mea, aia no iloko olaila ka līoho. Ua haawiia i haawi ala organogenic pōhaku i okoa meaola, ka mea, ua mahele ia i loko o kekahi mauʻano likeʻole:

• Bioherm. No laila, kapa hoʻomāhuahua o ola meaola.
• Thanatocoenoses a tafrotsenozy he koena o ka meaola i noho lōʻihi aku nei i loko o kēia mau wahi paha i laweia mai e ka wai.
• Planktonogenic pōhaku i hana mai meaola i noho i loko o nā wai.

Hua liilii ka nui o ka sediment

Kēia hiʻona o kekahi o nā 'ano o sedimentary pōhaku' ole. Inā 'oe e nānā i ka pohaku, ka mea hiki ke maheleia i homogeneous a me inclusions. Ma keʻano mua, ka pohaku holoʻokoʻa ike like me ka homogeneous nui, a i ka lua o ka kanaka hapa iki e noonoo, a me ko lakou hua liilii shape a me ka lākiō.

Inā i ka nui o ka hapa mākou noonoo, ua hiki ke hoomaopopo mau pūʻulu.

1. Hua liilii loa pono ia.
2. Skrytozernistye visually ikea e e unstructured.
3. I ke kolu o ka pūʻulu, he mea hiki ole i ka noonoo i ka granularity me kūikawā lako a pan.

inclusions palapala hiki e kekahi o nā ana hoʻohālike e i kaʻana like i kēia mau pōhaku. Kekahi mau okoa 'ano o nā hale:

• Gipodiomorfny. Ma kēiaʻano hana i na anoano nā pōaka o ka kūpono pāʻoihana.
• Gipidioblastovyʻano pili i ka palapala 'ole, ma ka a he mea he redistribution o' ona i loko o ke ano solidified pohaku.
• Granoblastic a pepa i nā pōaka o ole shape.
• Mehanokonfornyʻano hana ma ke ÿano hana o ka pressurizedʻai papa, i i ke aupuni 'ma luna.
• Nekonformnozernisty i ka papa kuhikuhiE hiʻona i loko o ka palapala o kekahi mau kinona o ka mānoanoa, i hiki aku ai i voids a me porosity.

Eia kekahi hale a hoʻokuʻu akulaʻo ia a me ka hionapāʻili. Ka mahele Ua muli ma ka layering o:

• Gradation. Kona ho okumu ua lawe mai ma nui hohonu ma lalo o ka wai.
• Prosloevaya ia lŘlŘ i loko o kekahi papa o ka wai, i kēia 'ano hiki ke wahi lepo smears, papa o ke one a hiki i ka lepo.
• Pereslaivatelnaya ia lŘlŘ ka wā i nui kona mānoanoa, e mea hiki ke malama i ka loli o nā waihoʻoluʻu papa. Me lakou i mea hoike, interlace lepo a me ke one.

Ua hiki ke 'ai pono i na mea he nui hou Mea Maluna, akā, i kēia, paha, hooki.

Me ka Poeikohoia o sedimentary pōhaku

Mākou Ua hookolokolo aku la ia mamua i ka sedimentary clastic pōhaku, examples o i i kūpono, a e noho ma luna o ka mea'ē aʻe, a ua hoi hoʻomano māhele ma ka ano.

1. Grits. Ho i sedimentary pōhaku i loko o ka palapala o ka iliili. Ua Ua haku o nā koena o nā pōhaku a me nā minelala hao o kekahi nui like 'ole.
2. One pōhaku. Mau nā one a me ka sandstone.
3. Silty pōhaku i kekahi mau mea i like loa me sandstones, wale nō i loko o kona 'ole e oi i ka pilina paʻa nā minelala hao i loko o ka palapala o ka pōaka, muscovite.
4. Siltstone wehewehe aku ma ka roughness ma ka fracture a me keʻano hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka cementitious mea.
5. Lok.
6. Clay pōhaku.
7. Mudstones.
8. Marl mea i ka läÿau, o carbonates a me clays.
9. Limestones, a i haku o ka calcite.
10. Mel.
11. Dolomites e hoohalike ai limestone, calcite, akā, ma kahi e loaʻa dolomite.

A pau i kēia mau pōhaku i hoʻomano hoʻohana i kūkuluʻia a me nā nāʻoihana o ka hoʻokele waiwai.

metamorphic pōhaku

Inā mākou i keia iloko o ia keia metamorphosis, ka mea e e hoʻomaopopo i ka metamorphic pōhaku nō i ka hopena o ka hou 'ana o nā minelala hao a me ka pōhaku lalo o ka hana o ka mahana, malamalama, puʻe, a me ka wai. Ka pono ike o keia pae i: kinikini, quartzite, gneiss, schist, a me na mea e ae.

Mai ka metamorphosis i hoʻokuleana i acee? Iuo oeiia o nā pōhaku, a me ka Mea Maluna hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ia:

1. METABASIC - kēia ole, i ho i ka huli ana o igneous a me ka sedimentary pōhaku.
2. Metapelites nō i ka hopena o ka huli ana o kaʻakika sedimentary pōhaku.
3. Kalepona pōhaku, e like me pōhaku keʻokeʻo.

Ke ano o ka metamorphic pōhaku ua hoopaa iho la o ka mea mua kumu hoʻohālike mai, ina o ka pohaku ke aupuni 'ma luna papa, a me ka lānai hou i hanaʻia e i ka ia shape. Ke Nine Inch haku mele 'ana, o ka papa, hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka palapala pohaku, akā, ma lalo o ka aoao o reactions e ĸokoĸa ana nä pane. Ka mea pōhaku haku mele 'ana i e kekahi, a me ka mea hiki ke komo i loko o nā mea pōhaku o kekahi a me kekahi mau.

Igneous pōhaku

Kēia pūʻulu o nā pōhaku, he aneane 60% o ka holoʻokoʻa honua ka pńpa. Ka mea, e alaʻe mai ka heheʻe o ka pohaku paha i loko o ke kapa ma ka lalo o ka pńpa. Ka pelemaka - hoʻoheheʻe mea ua hapa 'ia a maopopo lako oukou me nā kinoea. Ke kaʻina hana o ka ho okumu ia mau pili me ka wela kiʻekiʻe i loko o ke Keena Kalaiaina o ka honua. 'Ā ina keʻano o ka hanaʻana' ia i loko o ka Honua, mau hoʻonāukiuki ka pelemaka wela i ka ili honua. Ma ke kaʻina hana o ke ala ana i wahi ka huʻihuʻiʻana a me ka crystallization o nā minelala hao. Pela o ke kaʻina hana no ka ho okumu ana o igneous pōhaku.

Ke kaumaha ma muli o ka hohonu ma i ka iho i poe paakiki, e māheleʻia i loko o kekahi mau hui o nā pōhaku, ke ano o ka papaʻaina e nana me keia:

plutonic	lua	hypabyssal
Kēia mau pōhaku i hana i loko o ka haʻahaʻa o ka pńpa.	I hana i ka pele o ka pelemaka i ka ili honua.	Kamakawiwo Ole ia lŘlŘ ka wā pelemaka hoopiha i ka mawae o ka na pohaku.

Igneous pōhaku oko mai ka'ōpala i ole koena o ka poe make meaola i loko o ia mau mea. Māpala pohaku ho okumu i kekahi o ka koʻikoʻi loa, i waena o keia pae. Ua he o: feldspar, pōaka a me Mika.

I ka ka lua i ana, i ka pelemaka e waiho ana i ka ili o ka honua, i nā anuanu a me ka ano he 'ano o ka lua pele pōhaku. Ka mea, e ole no nui nā pōaka like me ka mahana kulu i kahi kokoke koke. Lunamakaainana no ia mau pōhaku, he pōhakuʻalā, a māpala. Ua pinepine ia i kahiko no ka hana o nā kia hoʻomanaʻo i a me sculptures.

Lua pele clastic pōhaku

Ma ke kaʻina hana o ka lua pele i hanaʻia,ʻaʻole wale nō pōhaku māpala, akā, no hoi he nui 'ē aʻe. E möakäka hou effusion ka pele i loko o ka lewa haalele nui helu o ke koena i, pu me clots solidified pele e haule ana i ka ili a me ke ano pahü. Kēia kahe lehu mea ua ke kiʻekiʻe o ka eroded, i luku ai i kekahi hapa o kona wai, a me kekahi i ka olelo hoopomaikai, a lilo ae la ia i ka ikaika pohaku - lua tuffs.

I ka haʻiʻana o ka pōhaku koena ai hiki ke ike, ma waena a i piha i ka hakahaka i ka lehu i kekahi manawa i ka lepo a me siliceous sedimentary waiwai.

Weathering o nā pōhaku

All pōhaku, i loko o ke ano maoli, e loli ana e na mea he nui aʻe i ka hopena o ka'aʻaiawāʻana a me ka make. Ke kaumaha ma muli o ka lawe 'ana i keiki malaila i kekahi mauʻano o kēia kaʻina:

1. Helu weathering o nā pōhaku. Ua lŘlŘ manawa i wela loli, kūpono ma ka pohaku nahae, i loko o kēia mau na mawae misses wai i hiki ke hoohuliia mai i loko o ka hau ma haʻahaʻa mahana. No laila, ke kiʻekiʻe o ka make ana o ka pōhaku ia lŘlŘ.
2. Nine weathering ua lawe mai ma ka wai a loaʻa i loko o ka pōhaku mawae, a leaches, hoike mai ia. Oia 'ole i amenable loa i ka pohaku keokeo, limestone, paakai.
3. Liluwelo weathering ua lawe mai me ke komo 'ana o ka ola meaola. No ka laʻana, kanu a me kā lākou mau aʻa e luku mai i ka pohaku, lichen, noho ma luna o ia mau mea, pee kekahiʻakika, i mea i palapala ai.

Pale ia i ka weathering o ka pōhaku mea aneane hiki ole i.

Meaning pohaku

He mea hiki ole e hoi i noonoo ai i ka hoʻokele waiwai me ka hoʻohana o ka pōhaku. Hooko ia ana, i lilo ai i loko o ka wā kahiko, ka wā kanaka aʻo pehea e lawelawe i na pohaku. Kuhikuhi hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ka hana hana pōhaku. Ano he kumu hoʻohālike nā nā kēia:

• Pōhaku keʻokeʻo.
• Limestone.
• Mel.
• Māpala.
• Quartzite a me na mea e ae.

Kā lākou hoʻohana i kūkulu ua ma muli o ka ikaika, a me kekahi mau ano.

e hoʻohana 'ia kekahi mau breeds ma ka metallurgical hana, e like me refractory lepo, limestone, dolomite. Ke Nine Inch hana mea inseparable mai ka pōhaku paakai, tripoli, diatomaceous honua.

Pela hoi, aole i ka malamalama ka hana hoʻohana pohaku no ko lakou mau mea e pono ai. Ma mahiai hiki ole ke hana me ka potash, posapahate pohaku, i mea nui i ke keʻena o nā fertilizers.

Pela, ua hookolokolo aku la ia i ka pohaku. A me ka mea hiki ke manao ia ma keia mea, e kekahi a me ka mea kōkua ma ke kanaka i loko oʻaneʻane na hana, HEN, mai kela la i keia ola ana i kūkulu. Ia mea ke kumu o ka manaʻo ua ole pōhaku ua loa pinepine hoʻohana ', a me nā minelala hao e pono expresses ka nui o kēia mau maoli Reservoir.