Daniil Leonidovich Andreyev: Kawaihae, kiʻi a me nā hana hoihoi kūʻiʻo

Daniil Leonidovich Andreev - Russian haku mele, mea kākau, poe akeakamai a me ka nani. Ke Keiki a ka mea kākau moʻolelo kaulana Leonid Andreyev. Hiʻona Ua pili kēia i ka mystical palapala "Rose o ka Honua". I kēia mau lā mākou e nānā i ka moʻoleloʻohana o keia hana hoihoi kanaka.

kamaliʻi

Andreev Daniil Leonidovich i ka lua o ke keikikane a Leonid Nikolaevich (kaulana mea kākau) a me Aleksandry Mihaylovny Andreevyh. He hana hoihoi, e hoailona oukou, i ka makuwahine o ka wā e hiki mai kākau moʻolelo ua he nui-kaikamahine Tarasa Grigorevicha Shevchenko. Daniel A. Ua hānauʻia ma luna o November 2, 1906 ma Pelelina. Pono i kekahi mau lā ma hope o kona hanau ana Alexander M. make mai puerperal kuni. Makua, make walawala ai i kana wahine, i hoopiiia no a pau i ke keiki, kūpono kupuna wahine (makuwahine o Alexandra Mikhailovna) Yefrosinya Varfolomeevna manao, e lawe Daniela i Moscow. Aia, ka mea haule i loko o ka ohana o kona makuahine, Elizabeth Mikhailovna Dobrova, kona kane i he kauka kaulana.

E like me ke keiki, Daniil Leonidovich Andreyev nui maÿi. Kekahi mau manawa ka mea, ua pono i ka lauoho o ka laula, mai ka make mai. I ka makahiki eono, ke keiki hina maʻi me ka diphtheria, a me ka mea, ua iho mailoko o kou punahele kupunawahine. Yefrosinya Varfolomeevna ua ole hou hiki ke kaua aku i ka maʻi, a make iho la. Soon ka aina kokoke St. Petersburg keiki i hele e mokuhia e, e ike i kona makuwahine, a me ka kupunawahine. Mea pōmaikaʻi, ma ka hope loaʻo ia i pani ma luna o ka uapo ma ka kūloko muliwai.

Ma muli o ka nui, e hoike ana i ke keiki i mau hana ino, a me ka hiki ho'āʻo e moe he pepehi anaʻia iā iho, ka mea nani ia iā ia i loko o ka hale o ka makuahine i kekahi i hana ai. I ka mea, na mea a pau uaʻokoʻa. Koʻu makuahine a me kana kane hoohana Daniel e like me ka keiki, hoʻopuni aʻe iā ia me ka malama a me ka hoolohe. I ia mau lā, Dobrov ka hale i kekahi o ka moʻomeheu (mele a me ka moʻokalaleo) ioauoa ma Moscow. Eia hele mai I. A. Bunin, A. N. Skryabin, V. I. Shalyapin, a he nui na mea e ae. I ka mana o kaʻohana hōʻike ma ka liʻiliʻi loa i ka mea ia Daniela i ka godfather o Maxim Gorky. Ka lewa ma ka hale na kepa i ma luna o ke keiki, a paipai i kona aloha o ka moʻokalaleo.

I ka 1915, eiwa-makahiki Daniel kakau iho la oia i kona mua poem "The Garden". I ka ia makahiki, hele mai i hoomalamalama i kona mua moʻolelo, mua "Insect Momi O" a laila, "Life antediluvian holoholona." Eia hou, he keiki piʻi wale haumāna i kākau nui moʻolelo, nona ka hana e hoʻomōhala ana i loko o ka moeuhane ia ia kino interplanetary ka lewa. Ma ka paia o kona lumi keiki unuhi ae la oia kiʻi o nā luna invented kā lākou mamo aliʻi. Lākou Ana kaʻoʻoleʻa hoʻopili like i na Ana o ke keiki.

Education a me ka mālamalama

I ka Akuma ka 1917, he piʻi wale kākau i loko o ka gymnasium E. A. Repman, kahi āna i aʻo a hiki i 1923. ʻO kēia makahiki, ua komo i ka palapala, ai 'Institute kapaʻia ma hope o Brusov. A puni ka ia manawa Andreev, hoomaka ae la ka hana ma luna o ka apana o "hewa". I ka 1926, ua hui i ka Union o ka haku mele o, a mau ae la a hiki i 1929.

Ma 'Aukake 1921, i ka Daniela 15-makahiki-kahiko, e hele ana ma na mika pāhoʻonui lua a puni i ke Kristo ka mea e ola ai Hale Pule Nui, ka Kremlin i ike ai ma ka lani manawa. He palapala iho e pili ana i keia ma ka Mokuna 1, o ka 2nd puke i loko o ka moʻo "Rose o ka Honua". I kekahi hanana o kēia mea hiki i ka 1928 i Easter. I loko o ka Ekalesia o ke uwao ae la ia i loko o Levshinov, kākau moʻolelo, haku mele, a me ka manawa o ka nani i ike ai honua mōʻaukala me he hookahi mystical kahawai.

mare

I ka hopena o ke kauwela o 1926 ka opiopio mea kākau Daniil Leonidovich Andreyev mare Gublor Alexander, oia i hoomakaukauia ma na papa ma moʻokalaleo Higher State me ka mea a. Ka ahaaina mare i wahi ma mea mahuʻi kahawai, i ka ekalesia o ke alahou ana. I Feberuari e hiki mai ka makahiki o ka hui i kauoha aku hemo paha, a me Andreev papani iho la i hele palapala, ai 'papa.

I ka 1928, ka mea kākau moʻolelo paʻi i ka poem "Red Moscow", ua hoomau i ka hana ma ka puke "me ka poe hewa" a hoomaka ae la e kākau "Catacombs" pōʻaiapuni. Kēia kauwela, ua lilo ma Tarusa.

prewar makahiki

Ma na 40s o ka hope kenekulia Andreev hana like me ka hoailona akamai artist, palapala hoʻolaha a me nā palapalaia maluna penei. Naʻe ka hapanui o ka manawa āna i hāʻawi mai moʻokalaleo. I ka 1930, hoomaka ae la i ka mea kākau moʻolelo, e hana i kekahi poem "Solstice". I ke kauwela o 1931 halawai Andreev me M. A. Voloshinym. Soon,ʻo July 29, ma na kapa o Nerusso Daniil Leonidovich ua hoano e mea ka mea, ma hope hōʻike i ka Hopu o cosmic ike paka i.

I ka wā February-March 1932 hoʻoili i loko o ka palapala, ai hoʻoponopono mea kākau, a laila, noho iho la i ke poo o ka sotsbytsektoru Nupepa ma kekahi o ka Moscow nā hale hana. I ke kauwela o 1932 i hanau i ka ohi ana o poem "haku mele Diary." He kupaianaha ia i pono o ka makahiki, i ka mea kākau o kēia ohi lukuia. I ka makahiki 1933 i hoomaka ai Daniil Leonidovich Andreyev e kākau i ka pepa (essay) "Ka contours o ke Aupuni Kuikawa la ao" mea i koe paʻa hapa, a me ka pōʻaiapuni o "? Uyie aa?". Ma ka Akuma ka o ka makahiki 1934 kipa i ka haku mele Koktebel, a palapala iho la i ka poem, "Voloshin ka hale kupapaʻu lā."

I ka makahiki 1935, ka mea kākau i hele mai i ke Moscow kulanakauhale kōmike o Kimia Artists. I ka hoʻomaka o Sepatemaba o ka makahiki ia ia i hanau i ka "Solo" ka poem me ke kuleana "Song o Mansalvate", a e e loa paʻa hapa makahiki ekolu. I ka 1937, ka E. P. Peshkova waiho Andreev hoopii ia Stalin me ke noi e kokua ma ka hoi ana mai, mai ke pioʻana o kona kaikaina, V. L. Andreeva. Ma ka Akuma ka o ka ia makahiki, hoomaka ae la i ka mea kākau moʻolelo kākau i ka puke e pili ana i uhane makaikai ae la i ka pilina i loko o ia mau lā, "na malihini Night", i i hapai me he "saga o ka uhane" i loko o ka pōʻaiapili o ke au. Ma ke kokoke hoʻokolokolo hoʻokokoke wale i ka makahiki 1947,.

lua o ka mare

Ma ke kupulau o 1937 halawai Andreev me oka a Ivashevoy-Musatov, i 8 makahiki ma hope e lilo i kona lua o ka wahine. Hope, e e hoohewaia Alla a me kana kane, a ua kuu ka makahiki mua ma mua o ka mea i hana ai. Kana wahine lua i ka mea kākau moʻolelo no kākoʻo i loko o nā makahiki kaua, i ka makahiki o ka paa a me ka paakiki makahiki hope. Ka mea, ua mālama 'ia ka'āina hoʻoili a me ka pilina i ka puke o kona nā hana i loko o ka hopena o iwakalua kenekulia. Ma hope, ua hana no 15 makahiki i ka wahine o Evgeniya Belousova, ke keiki a ka mea kaulana kākau moʻolelo I. A. Belousova.

kaua

Ma ke kupulau o 1941, make iho la F. A. Dobrov, Daniil Leonidovich ua manaoio adoptive makuakane. I ka makahiki kakahiaka nui o ka Apana World War Andreev hanaʻo ia ma luna o ka poem "Amber" a me ka "kēia kanaka Kelemānia" (a i ole, ua pau), a ua pau i ka pōʻaiapuni o ka poem "Catacombs." Ma July 1942, make iho la o E. M. Dobrova, i ua e like me ka makuahine i Andreev.

I ka Akuma ka 1942, ua koho 'o ka mea kākau moʻolelo i loko o ke kaua. Ma Ianuali 1943, e nā lālani 196 la Infantry Māhele komo i ka hoʻopilikia Stalingrad. Ma ke alo, Andreev ua he Kimia akamai, he medic, a ua i loko o ka hoʻolewa hui. No ka pono hana mea kākau i hookoia i ka mekala "No ka mea Pale Kaua o Leningrad". June 25, 1945 la Andreeva ike ka polokalamu JavaScript wwii 2nd pae.

Ma hope o ke kaua, no ka haku mele hoi i Moscow, a loaa i ka Kimia akamai i loko o ka Museum o Hoʻokaʻa '. November 4, 1945, oia formally mare A. A. Ivashevoy-Musatov.

hoopaaia

I ka hoomaka ana o ka makahiki 1947,, i ka mea kākau moʻolelo manao i ka puke "Night aea" a hoomaka ae la e noonoo i ka lua o ka hapa o ka i manaoia trilogy, i makemake e kapaia "lani Kremlin" a hookomo i ka alo-laina hana o ka mea kākau moʻolelo.

April 21, 1947 no ka mea, o ka mea denunciation, a me ka puke "Night aea" Andreeva Hoohewa mai ma ka Pauku 58. Hoopiiia o Anati-Soviet propaganda a me ka poʻe hoʻoweliweli manao Daniil Leonidovich la 25 makahiki i loko o ka hale paʻahao, a ma ia manawa ua i ka lokomaikai kiekie hoopai i loko o ka USSR. Ma waho aʻeo ia ka mea kākau moʻolelo i ae mai ka hopu a me kona poe hoahanau. 19 hoahanau a me nā hoa Andreeva i ka'ōlelo hoʻopaʻi e paa no ka manawa mai ka 10 a hiki i 25 makahiki ma ka hana e hoʻomoana ai. All Daniel Leonidovich Andreev, kākau ma mua o ka hopena o ka MGB i lukuia.

Ma November 1948, Daniel Akhmetov alakaʻi mai i ka Lefortovo halepaahao ma Vladimir (ka ia "Vladimir Central"). I loko nō o ka hopena, Andreev hoʻomau i ka 'Imi komo i loko o ka palapala o ka palapala, ai' hana. I ka makahiki 1950,ʻo ia pau i ka poem "Nemerecha", i i hoomaka ma ka 37th. poem "City Day Symphony" Ua kākau i loko o December 1950. I ka pau ana o ka ia o ka malama, me ka unuhi o ka lā hoʻokahi, Andreev hoomaka hana ma "Iron pohihihi" a me "Rose o ko ke ao nei."

I ka 1951, ka mea kākau moʻolelo i hana ma ka "Morning oratorio" a me "Ka Makeʻana o Ivan ka poʻe hoʻoweliweli." ʻO kēia makahiki, hoomaka ae la oia e hana ma luna o ka mana mua o ka puke "Lūkini akua", a palapala iho la i ka poem i kapaia "Ruh". I ka 1953, ua ua huiia me ia i ka puke "Ka Hou Loa Plutarch," a Andreev i kākau pū me kona mau cellmates, Parin physiologist a me ka mea kākau moʻolelo L. Ka maʻi 'aʻai ka puke. Ma ka Akuma ka o 1953, ma mua e neʻe ana i kekahi halepaahao, i ka mea kākau moʻolelo Daniil Leonidovich Andreyev ua hoano e mystical inā pilikia ka haumāna, i, e like me ia e olelo hope, ua launaʻole i loko o kona grandeur.

I Nowemapa 1954 Andreev i kākau ai i loko o ka inoa o G. M. Malenkova - lunahoomalu o ka USSR Kukamalu o Kuhina, he hoakaka i hookahi manawa hou i haalele ai i ka unconditional ae o ka Soviet'ōnaehana, ma ka hoomaopopo ana o "ka nele o koa aupuni o kānaka." I ka pau ana o ia makahiki, Andreev i ka naau hoouka. I ka 1955 hanaʻo ia ma luna o ka poem "Ka daimonio retaliation" a me ka "Navna". Pepeluali 8, 1956 hoahānauʻo Dmitry Leonidovich - A. F. Kovalenskaya - make i loko o kahi i hoʻomoana ai haukapila. Ma May o ka hookahi makahiki o ka mea kākau moʻolelo pau huina hoonui o ka "Nei aʻo 'ia." A ma 10 August 1956, kana wahine i hookuu, mai ke kahi hoʻomoana. A mau pule ma hope o kona hoʻokuʻu Komisina o ka Presidium o ka Aha Soviet o ka USSR i hoopuka i kekahi olelo paa, e like me ia i ka Paukū 58 Ua haule i 10 makahiki ka hoopaa hoopai.

August 24, 1956, no ka manawa mua o kona hopuia, ka haku mele Daniil Leonidovich Andreyev ike i kana wahine i loko o ka Vladimir halepaahao. Ma April 23 o ke kēia mau makahikiʻo ia i hookuu mai kahi paa. June 21, 1957 ka mua hoopiiia mai e ku e ia Andreev he loa hoopau ia, a ma luna o Iulai 11, oia i rehabilitated.

nā makahiki

I ke kauwela o 1957 oia i manao pneumonia Daniel Andreev no ka manawa mua loa ma hope o oi aku mamua o 40 makahiki o ke kaawale ana, a hui me kona mau kaikuaana Vadim. Mai November 57th Andreev a me kana wahine noho ma Moscow. A puni ka ia manawa ia hoihoi i kona kūlana me ka polokalamu JavaScript kanaka o ka lua o ka hui, ke komo pū i ka hoomau ana i ka nui o ka 347 rubles. November 30, 1957, make iho la i ka hoahānau o ka mea kākau moʻolelo, A. F. Dobrov. I ka pau ana o ka 57th, pu me Z. Rahim Andreev hana ma ka unuhi o ka Japanese Fumiko Hayashi moʻolelo me i loko o ka puke "Eono moʻolelo."

February 12, 1958 la Daniil Leonidovich Andreyev hoouna mai i ka Central Komite i ka palapala e noi ana no ka ike a me kona poetry. E like me ka mea kākau, e ola, hūnā paha i kana hana, mai na kanaka, e mea wale intolerable no ia. February 26ʻo ia i kii ai i ka Central Komite. Ke kamailio a me na luna i ka mea kākau moʻolelo o ka manaolana i loko o ka wā e hiki mai kona hana hiki ke paʻiʻia. Eia hou, i ka pōkole manawaʻo ia i loaa mai ka mea kākau 'Union kālā kōkua.

Ma ke kupulau o 1958 Andreev i hoʻokomo i ka haukapila me ka exacerbation o ka angina a me ka atherosclerosis. June 4, oia ho'āpono mare me kana wahine oka a Andreevoy ma Rizopolozhensky luakini. i ka ahaaina mare ma hope, i ka mau hele aku la ma ka hele ana ma luna o ka moku, mai Moscow a hiki i Ufa a me ka hope. I kakahiaka o Iulai o ka ia makahiki, hele mai i ka pau kākau i kaʻumikumamākahi o ka buke o ka wehewehe haʻiaʻo "Rose o ka Honua". Ma ka hapalua like-Akuma ka piha hoonoho i huiia. I ka Ia manawa ka mea kākau moʻolelo i ana ka hana ma luna o ka ohi ana o poem, "aoi o Yarosvete" a me ka poem "Kane Hewa 'Man o ka Honua".

Ma ka po o ka 18 a hiki i Okatoba 19, 1958 Andreev i kākau i ka poem a i kapaia "Once maluna iho o ka manawa i loko o ka kakahiaka Kuhina Nui o ke ola ...." Ma ka mea, i ka haku mele pule no ka hoola ana o kona mau moʻolelo i kākau lima. ʻO kēia mahina, i ka pōʻaiapuni o ka poem a Daniil Leonidovich Andreyev i ohi ia, i kapaia "Hemolele Rusia ke 'kua." November 14, ma hope o hoi mai, mai ka Hot Key, ka mea kākau moʻolelo hou-i hoʻokomo 'ia i ka haukapila.

I ka pau ana o January 1959 A. A. Andreevoy haawi i ka palapala hopu no ka lumi i loko o ke kanaka, ke kaiāulu keʻena ma luna o Leninsky Prospekt. Here Andreev, hoomainoino ia lakou i ka ikaika naau ino, hoolilo i ka hopeʻeono pule o kona ola.

March 30, 1959 Daniel Leonidovich make. April 3, Archpriest Nikolai Golubtsov mea kākau heluhelu i ka ilina hana i loko o ka ekalesia ma ka palapala moʻopane o ka holokū o ka Don. Andreev Ua kanuʻiaʻo ia ma Novodevichy pā ilina kokoke i ka hale kupapaʻu o kona makuwahine.

'āina hoʻoili

A hiki i ke ola o ka haku mele, novelist, nani a me ka poe akeakamai Daniel Leonidovich Andreev, kona kiʻi kahaki i kona profundity nui, kekahi o ka noʻeau hana o ka mea kākau, a i ole, ua paʻi. Ke koe nei paha i ka puke "kupaianaha mauna explorers o Central Asia" paʻiʻia ma keʻano neʻepapa me S. N. Matveevym.

He make i 52 o kona mau makahiki, Daniil Leonidovich i kekahi puu, e olelo aku, a hana. ʻO ka papa kuhikuhiE mea ka mea ana i makemake, akā, i hana ole - e kūkulu i kekahi kula no nā keiki ua ethically, a halawai pu me kā lākou poʻe heluhelu. More o ekolu makahiki ma hope o kona make ana, me kona mau wahine malu mālama i ka palapala, e hopohopo ana ma kekahi wahi ka mea, hiki hou ke anaiia mai. O ka papa kuhikuhi hana o Daniil Leonidovich Andreyev - "Rose o ka World" i paʻiʻia wale nō i loko o ka makahiki 1991, kokoke ma mua o ka hāʻule o ka Soviet? Eia. Pelaʻaneʻi mea he mea kupaianaha e hoʻomōhala ana i Kawaihae Daniil Andreev. I ka mea kākau moʻolelo o ka ola, he nui loa ae la, a iho i lalo, a me ka ikaika manaʻo o ka hāʻule pohō wale, kupaianaha hihio a me ka haʻahaʻa hoohaahaa ana. Akā, mamua o keia, oia mau noho i loko o koʻu manao.

paʻa

I ka 2003, Komikina'Āina ma ka wahine o Daniel Akhmetov Alla Alexandrovna Alexey Kurbatov haku i ke mele i ka poem Andreeva "Leningrad Apocalypse". Ma ka haule ana o ka 2014 Huipû a me ka kulanakauhale aia ma ka Bryansk'āina, i wehe i ka iau Andreeva Daniila Leonidovicha, nona Kawaihae ua hookolokolo mākou.