Dzhakomo Kvarengi: Kawaihae, hana

Ka hanaia'na o ka hanana helehelena o ka Lūkini mau poo elua, Moscow a me St. Petersburg i ka nui, ua ka pilina me ka nui loa i na nā kānaka kuhikuhipuʻuone o Italian kumu. ʻike hoʻokumu Dzhakomo Kvarengi - he ao alohilohi i 'aoʻao i loko o ka mōʻaukala o Europa, a Lūkini kuhikuhipuʻuone o classicism. Ma waho aʻeo ia e hana, i ke kumuhana o kekahi mea kaupaona a me ka manao, mawaena o lakou he nui incarnations i loko o kona'āina hoʻoili - Kimia a lahilahi me ka makemake wale o na kulanakauhale (alakai) a me ka moemoeā kuhikuhipuʻuone mele. E like me ia, a nānā aku i ka oihana no ka hanauna o nā kānaka kuhikuhipuʻuone.

South aina hanau,

He manao hoi ia ia iho i ka oiaio Lūkini kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone Dzhakomo Kvarengi (1744-1817) Ua hānauʻia i loko o ka ohana o ka lālā o ka City Kiekie o ke Northern Italian kulanakauhale o Bergamo. Na ka welelau o ka pilikia makapō kilokilo ua hereditary: kona kupunakane, a me ka makua kāne i manaoia mākaukau pena. Ma kona koho o kuhikuhipuʻuone like me ka papa kuhikuhi hana i loko o ke ola ua loli familiarity me Vincenzo Brenna (1745-1820), a laila lilo ka 'aha kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone Paul I, a me Ioane. B. Piranesi (1720-1778), ka haku nui kuhikuhipuʻuone kiʻi o.

Stylistic koho Dzhakomo Kvarengi i hanaʻia ke anaina kanaka, a me ka hoonoho kaulana ka wā o Andrea Palladio (1508-1580), "Lau Books o kuhikuhipuʻuone". Ma keia hana ua Ua hōʻike 'ano o ka kuʻuna kauoha i pili i loko o ka kuhikuhipuʻuone kahiko, a nui ka'ōnaehana hoʻohana panina' ana i kūpono no ka hoʻolālā a me ka hooulu ana o ka hale mea helehelena pāʻoihana. Palladianstva no ka lōʻihi manawa ua i ka papa kuhikuhiE papa o ka panina kaila.

Mastering ka panina hooilina

Eia kekahi laʻana no ka hoʻopaʻa 'ana i palapala-kila nenoai no Dzhakomo Kvarengi Hawaii o na Ikalia kulanakauhale - Roma, Florence, Verona, Venice. Ka mea, ua i wale piha o kahiko kia hoʻomanaʻo i, akā, i ka poʻe i ka maoli moʻomeheu o ka pakebona.

Ka pakebona i kekahi manawa i ka wa a na kumu mua o ka kiʻekiʻe lokahi, hoʻomohala i kahiko Greece, a kahiko Roma, i lalau aku la ia ma ka poe paahana ma kekahi mau kihapai o Europa moʻomeheu. Obmeryannye a sketched Dzhakomo Kvarengi kūkulu i nā mea maikaʻi Artists o ka manawa - Alberti, Bramante, a, o ka papa, Palladio - ke kila no ka mea'ōpiopio kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone laʻana o makakū? Acaeoey o nā kuʻuna Hawaiʻi ma kuhikuhipuʻuone. He hōʻike hoihoi i ka hale i kūkuluʻia ai ka haku o ka wanaʻao classicism ma 'Enelani a me Farani.

Ka hoʻomaka o ka makakū ala

Ka mea mua nui mea no Quarenghi ua ka? Aeiino? Oeoey o ka ekalesia o Santa Scholastica, aia i loko o ke kūlanakauhale o Subiaco, kokoke i ka Italia kulanakauhale alii. Kalaiaina o ka ekalesia, oia hoʻohana Classic oihana mua: niches, pilasters a me nā kolamu o ka Ionic mea. Skillfully i hoʻonohonoho 'kau iho i kokua mai loaʻa iā oluolu, a nui nā manaʻo o ka Home..

Ka naau kupono, a austerity o noʻeau a me ka compositional pāʻoihana lilo wā hiʻona o kona lima. Mau 'ana i kūpono hoʻohana' ia i loko o ka hana ana o ke kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone Dzhakomo Kvarengi a me ka wā hoomaka kona hana ma Rusia.

Ma ka pā hale o Ana i ke Great

Mai ka Akuma ka o 1779 i hoʻomaka hana o 35-makahiki-kahiko Italian kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone i ka Lūkini Aha. He waiwai i ka hailona o ka ike e pili ana i kaʻikena Palladian panina kuhikuhipuʻuone, a lawa ka hoao ana ma ke ana ia ma ka hana. Kona hiki ana ua 'āwīwī, no ka mea, ke ho'āʻoʻana ma nā koho o Russian Empress e kū'ē i ka kūhelu kaila hoʻololi.

Ua oki, e hoopaa kaumaha mooolelo o Farani classicism, i ka maikaʻi lilo maemae neoclassical Palladian. Dzhakomo Kvarengi like me ka malama pono haumana, a me ka ikaika kākoʻo iā ia, o Palladio koke lilo i ke poo o na paialewa hou o Lūkini kuhikuhipuʻuone manaʻo. Kona tālena Ua waiwai ma ka hoʻopaʻa 'ana o ka maikai examples o kahiko kuhikuhipuʻuone, a me ka launa pu, a me' ike wahi lulu nā kānaka kuhikuhipuʻuone: I. Starov, N. Lvov, Charles Kailee a me na mea e ae.

English Palace ma Peterhof

Ka mea mua nui pāhana i loko o ka Lūkini lepo i ka hale, aia i loko o ka 'ōlelo Pelekānia Park o Peterhof. Dzhakomo Kvarengi hoomaka ae la ka hana ma luna o ia i ka 1780. E like me kā lākou aesthetic manao, he Italia kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone, waiho iho la i ke kumu no ka hoʻolālā a me ka volumetric pāʻoihana Palladian hale cubic ano me ka Hoʻohakuʻewalu-kolamu portico o ka Corinthian mea. Hōʻuluʻulu a monumental huliāmahi hui me ka pono io a me ka hiehie o ka hoanmike.
Makakū hoʻokokoke ua hōʻolokeʻaʻia i loko o kēia paena kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone Giacomo Quarenghi i hana ia no ka aina e noho ai i loko o Tsarskoye Selo - eha ekalesia, a he nui haipule hale - loa ma ka laina me ka ho'āʻo iho au o ka papa kuhikuhiE Customer, Ana. No ka pono ka Italian inoa o "kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone o ka pā hale."

Au o ka pono a me ka pomaikai

C hana ma Concert pākū ma Tsarskoye Selo, kokoke i ke Ana ka Palace (1782), hoomaka ae la ka loa holomuaʻumi makahiki no ke kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone. I loko o kēia wā,ʻo ia i hana i ka loa nui papahana no ka St. Petersburg a me Moscow. Ma ke kuhikuhi ana o ka Empress, oia ua hōʻano hou i nā interiors o ka Winter Palace, kūkulu nui hale a puni i ka papa kuhikuhiE imperial noho. Dzhakomo Kvarengi, kona Kawaihae ua manawa pili loa ua hoʻopili i ka Lūkini paukü, ua kukulu ana i ka helu o ka iauaeoia e hoakaka i ka pili aupuni kiʻi o ke kapikala a me ka moku'āina holoʻokoʻa. Iwaena o lakou - he luna 'o ka hoʻomalu hale o ka Academy o Sciences (1783-1785) a me ka hale o ka Assignation Bank (1783-1799). He hana paakiki, a ma luna o ka uku kauoha,ʻai ke kapikala a me nā wahi maikai examples o Lūkini Classic Manor. Iwaena o lakou i ka hale Bezborodko ma ke kapa akau o ka Neva (1783-1784), ka Yusupov hale ma luna o ka Fontanka (1789-1792), i ka hale Vietinghoff (1786) a me na mea e ae.

House ma Palace Embankment

A maoli masterpiece o kēia wā - ka leʻaleʻaʻeleʻele, Kino Dzhakomo Kvarengi (1783-1787). A-yoa? Iiai mau hale me rusticated loggia, iki recessed ma waena o nā nā wānana waiwai elua - wānana i loko o ka mea helehelena - a ua hoʻonaniʻia me ka nui Corinthian, ua he maoli heluʻai no ka papa luna 'o ke aupuni hale. A malama pono follower o Palladio, Quarenghi ma ka manao o ka auditorium ae ia ia iho aneane verbatim mea koe hale o ke kumu nui. Ma ka hoʻolālā ke kahua, a noho, ma kaʻeleʻele o ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni hoanmike oihana mua loa i like loa me ka Teatro Olimpico ma Vicenza, papahana e Andrea Palladio.

Papahana no ka Moscow

Kekahi o ka loa pepeiaohao nui iauaeoia i i kūkuluʻia Italian kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone no ka noho alii - kahiko Gostiny Dvor. Dzhakomo Kvarengi hoomaka ae la kona kapili i ka 1789. Ka hale ua hiki aku ka keia manawa he nui loli i loko o ka papa o ka hoololi a me restorations ma hope o ke ahi lehulehu. Akā, i ka malamaia Arcade me Corinthian kolamu hiki ke oaeuiinoe harmonious panina pūʻulu hale.

I waena o nā hale o Moscow - Golovin Palace ma Lefortovo (1780), a me ka ikona Arcade ma Red Square (1786). Hale ma luna o ka papa kuhikuhiE Kauhalenui wahi mea i ka malamaia, a me kekahi hale - Hospice Sheremetyev ma ka Sukharev Square (1803-1807) - nō kilakila ka unahiʻole, a me ka lokahi.

Hope i ke ola a me kaʻike hoʻokumu

Mea, a kukulu iho la Dzhakomo Kvarengi Hawaii o St. Petersburg e pili ana i ka hoʻomaka o ka XVIII kenekulia - hoʻonaʻauao, ola kino malama a me ka lehulehu hale. Konnogvardeysky playpen (1804-1807) i kekahi Kiure nānā aku, a ua ho'ākāka 'ia ma ka ewalu portico Roma Doric. Mariinsky haukapila ma Foundry (1803-1805) wehewehe aku ma ka naauao hoʻolālā pāʻoihana a me ka hemahema hoi hoanmike. Favorite keiki Kvarengi hope manawa lilo ka Smolny Institute (1806-1808). Blend pono a me ka 'ia, i kēia hale i lilo i ka epitome o ka mea nui nā manaʻo palladianstva. Ke expressiveness o ka kuhikuhipuʻuone helehelena ua loaʻa ma ka hoʻohui pū ana i nāʻalā paia me ka lōʻihi plastically waiwai pulakaumaka ma ka waena konu o ka haku mele 'ana. Lilo iho la lakou i ka portico nui ma luna o ke kumu i loko o ke kino o ka Arcade.

Giacomo Antonio Quarenghi hana ole wale kapikala, akā, no hoi no ka moku'āina kūlanakauhale o ka Russian aupuni a pau. Ike a me kona 'Eulopa? Ieoaeunoai. E kuhikuhi ana i ko lakou hopena me Rusia, ia mea i hiki i ka pau ana o kona mau lā i koe o kona patriot. Wā, ka wā He Hoikehonua i kauoha Italians a pau, e hoʻi i ko lākou'āina, Quarenghi hoole, a i ka'ōlelo hoʻopaʻi ma absentia ma ke Italia ke alii i ka make. Ka hope nui pāhana o ke kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone nui ua manaoia e ia i ke kilohana e pio o ka lanakila ma (1814) kūkulu ma St. Petersburg ma ka mea o ka hoi ana mai o ka lanakila Lūkini poʻe ma hope o ka pio ana o Napoleon.

Dzhakomo Kvarengi. maʻamau vitae

• September 20, 1744 - ma ka akau o Italy, i loko o ke kaiāulu o Bergamo, i loko o ka Lunakanawai o ka ohana, i hanau i ka kekahi kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone nui a me ka Kimia artist.
• Mai ka 1762 - pena haʻawina i loko o Roma ma ka R. Mengs, ke kuhikuhipuʻuone o S. Pozzi, A. Derize, N. Dzhansomini.
• 1769 - i ka hoʻomaka o ka kuhikuhipuʻuone hana, nā papahana, haipule hale i loko o ka wahi o Roma, a Lombardy.
• September 1, 1779 - Quarenghi hoailona aelike me aʻoaʻo i Lūkini empress IY Reyfenshteynom, a hele mai e hana i loko o Rusia.
• 1780-1817 - mea i manao ai, a kukulu ana o ka lehulehu a me ka noho hale i loko o St. Petersburg, Moscow, ma ka mokuna, ma ka aina Europa.
• 1811 - hōʻole i haʻalele i ka hana Lūkini ma na kauoha o ka Bonapartist Aupuni, no ka i ka mea, i ka'ōlelo hoʻopaʻi iā lākou i ka make me ka haoʻana o ka waiwai.
• March 2, 1817 - Dzhakomo Kvarengi make i loko o St. Petersburg. He Ua hope reburied i loko o ka Alexander Nevsky hoailona.