Haku mele 'ana o maoli kinoea

Ma lalo o anaerobic (ole anoxic methane) fermentation paa wahi i loko o ka honua biodegradation o ke aloha 'ona me ke kala o ka methane (CH4 - simplest paraffinic hydrocarbon). O kŰia hiki ke ho'ākāka 'ia ma ma ka naoh helu kaulike: ke aloha mea + H2O → CH4 + C5H7NO2 + CO2 + NH4 + H2CO3. I ka hopena o ka pono kumu waiwai. Ua waiho lola honua me ka ho okumu a mea i loko o gaseous paha mea pōaka (i loko o ka palapala o ke kinoea hydrates - methane hui me ka wai i nā pilina paʻa ma kiʻekiʻe ka puʻuwai a me ka haahaa ana wela i loko o permafrost) moku'āina. A eia hoi, ka mea hiki e ia ka pono i loko o ka wai a me ka aila. I ka haku mele 'ana o maoli kinoea mea,ʻaʻole ikaika a me ka loli aʻe mai ke kahua i kekahi mahinaʻai.

Ke kumu nui ke keʻena o keia mea pōhaku mea methane, ka maʻiʻo papa koa mai ka 91 a hiki i 98%. No hoi i pihaʻi me oi kaumaha paraffinic hydrocarbons butane (C4H10), propane (C3H8), ethane (C2H6). Keia 'okanikaʻole waiwai, i mea: hydrogen (h2), naikokene (N2), ke kalapona'okikene lua (CO2), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), helium (He), ka wai ka ohu (H2O). Nā waiwai a me ka haku mele 'ana o ke kinoea maoli, a me ka hoao ana kiʻina hana i hooponopono GOST 5542-87. Kēia interstate hae? Ac? A hoʻolauna i loko o ka USSR, a e hana i loko o ka helu o Moscow'āina. Ua pili i maoli kinoea wahie i ka hoʻohana i wahie a me ka io maka mea i loko o ka hana, a me i wahie i loko o ka wahi lulu kaiaulu.

Ua lŘlŘ ma hohonu HEN, mai kekahi i mau kilomika (haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka aila), no ka mea, ua hanaʻia ma ka manaʻo koikoi kiekie ae, a kiekie ae ana wela. Kona hohonu, hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ke kahua, no kekahi laʻana, kokoke New Urengoy ka mea, ua extracted ma ka hohonu o ka 6 ei. Hua ma ka punawai, mai ka honua kinoea komo i ka ohi'ōnaehana, a laila, e hiki ke hoomakaukauia, a kaʻi aku i ka consumer. E hoomakaukau mai i luna ma ka koʻu, a ae kūikawā pa alima, a ua papahana e wehe i ka wai (ua ālai 'halihali) a me ka luaipele i huiʻia (hana waiwai i ka popopo i ka ho'ēmi i? Ieaoa wa e ola ana, a hiki' ai pono i ka pilikia wahi, i hiki). I ka haku mele 'ana o maoli kinoea ua ua kālailai ma mua, a ma hope holoi ia i loko o ka omo kolamu a me ka mea maloko hydrogen sulfide.

I mea kanu no hoi paka helium. Ma keia hihia, e ke hoʻoponopono i nā pilikia. First - inert helium (He) ho'ēmi i kā mea e like ai ano hoakaka GOST 5542-87, no kekahi laʻana,'ā wela. Ka lua - hoolaa i ka mea hoʻonoho o haʻahaʻa-mahana kaawale ana o ka helium mea pono i na lala o ka hoʻokele waiwai waiwai huina hoonui, ka mea, ua loaa ia ma luna o nā mahinaʻai me nā Contents oi aku ia mamua 0,1%. Extracted helium ma lalo kiʻekiʻe puʻe ua nō i nā mea kūʻai mai i nā paukūʻolokaʻa kila. Ke qualitative haku mele 'ana o helium me ke kinoea haku mele' ana i ua kālailai ma ka maʻiʻo o impurities ma kūikawā Nine Inch keʻena hoʻokolohua.

Maʻiʻo o ka hydrocarbon eiiiiiaiou ua kālailai e like me GOST 23781-87. E like me keia maʻamau palapala hoakaka i ka Nine Inch haku mele 'ana o maoli kinoea chromatographic ki ina hana like. Helium, hydrogen, naikokene, oxygen, a methane - chromatograph me thermal conductivity mīkini hopu ka mea hewa, ka mea a ka chromatographic kolamu hoʻouka kekahi me hakakino kānana. Hydrocarbons a me carbon dioxide a - chromatograph me ka thermal conductivity mīkini hopu ka mea hewa a me ka kolamu piha me ka sferohromom ia me Etera TEGM. Ka maʻiʻo o eiiiiiaiou C4-C8 - chromatograph me ka lapalapa ionization mīkini hopu ka mea hewa a me ka chromatographic kia piha me ka inert paa kākoʻo (Chromaton) ia me ka dimethylsilicone paha squalane. Mau hōʻailona i haku mele 'ana o ke kinoea maoli ma ka pakeneka ma ka buke.

E hoao pono me nā 'ano a ho oholo i ka mea e like ai o ka huina hoonui, ma kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao likeʻole o ke-i? Iecaianoaaiiuo, mai ka manawa mai o? Iecaianoaaiiuo a haawi i ka consumer. No ka laʻana, ka wai maʻiʻo kau ma luna o ka hau wahi, GOST 20060-83. Ka pili pa apŘ o ke kiekie ae, a malalo calorific waiwai pōpilikia i kulike ai me GOST 22667-82, a me ka nānā 'ana ma o ka haku mele' ana ke keʻena loaa ma ka chromatographic ano o Ka Ikepili e like me GOST 23781-87. E ho oholo hydrogen sulfide (H2S) a me ka mercaptan luaipele (RSH) e hoʻohana 'ia kekahi o ekolu epekema (fotokalorimetrichesky, potentiometric ole iodometric) i wehewehe GOST 22387.2-97 a ua wae ke kaumaha ma muli o ka maʻiʻo o ka ua kālailai eiiiiiaiou. A pau o nā haʻawina ma luna o ke kumu o ka a ia i ua lawe ike haku mele 'ana o maoli kinoea mai i loko o Nine Inch keʻena hoʻokolohua, a pono i kō nā koi o GOST R ISO / IEC 17025-2009.