Hawaii Moscow Kremlin. I ka moolelo o ka? Ieoaeunoaa, kiʻikuhi, hōʻikeʻano

Ma keia 'atikala mākou e nānā i ka papa kuhikuhiE hoi na mea makau a ka Moscow Kremlin. Ua Ua Aia ma luna o ka Borovitsky ka puu 25 mika ma luna o ka mea e pili ?? eoi? Ma ka confluence o ka Moskva River me ka muliwai Neglinnaya. Borovitsky puu ma ka mea kahiko i uhiia wahie, hoalohaloha aku ia i ka mea, loaa ae nei i kona inoa. Moscow Kremlin hiki ke noʻonoʻo me ka hiki ana o ka keia kulanakauhale alii o Rusia. Ma hope o ka mea mua Moscow hale i ke aupuni 'e like ma luna o kona mokuna. Ua kūkuluʻia hoi na mea makau a ka Kremlin a me Red Square ma kekahi mau manawa. No laila, e ka hoʻomaka o ka moʻolelo e pili ana iā lākou, mai ka mea kinohi mai, ma kekahi mea.

E wehe aʻe i ka prehistory o ka hanana o ia i nui wahi no ko makou aupuni, e like me ka Kremlin (Moscow). ʻepekema lā na ko läkou 'mua o kanaka Borovitsky Hill hope II tausani. BC. e ka. I ka hoʻomaka o ka XII kenekulia,ʻaneʻi hou ua he hooponopono, a lilo iho la ia i ke kupuna o kēia Moscow. Vyatichi noho ana i ka nui wahi ma ka Borovitsky Hill. Oia hoi, aia hoʻi, he mau noho, pakaua hoomaluia apo hookahi.

Au o ka Makamua Rus

Nā moku'āina initially oia no mau aupuni. I ka loa a me ka nui influential i ka Rostov-Suzdal. Kona kapikala ua i ka lua o ka hapalua o ka XII kenekulia i ke kulanakauhale o Vladimir. Moscow i kokoke me ka na'lii, mai ke komohana mai.

I ka 1147, i oleloia ma ka Ipatiev Chronicle, Yuri Dolgoruky, Prince o Suzdal, kāna i kiʻi i kona Ally Svyatoslav, Novgorod-Seversky Prince ma Moscow. Kēia hanana i ka mua hoohiki o ka Lūkini kapikala i loko o ka Documentary kumu, a me kēia lā ua noʻonoʻo pono i ka hoʻomaka o ke kahua o ke kulanakauhale.

Ma ka XIII kenekulia,, nā Lūkini kulanakauhale Moscow like pono me, waiho wale mai ka ho'āhewa wale 'o Batu. Eia naʻe, ma hope o kekahi manawa, hoomaka ae la i ke kulanakauhale, e hoola. Ma Moscow, ua ka muaʻana o nā aliʻi i loko o kēia wā, ua hoʻokumuʻia e Daniela, ke keiki muli loa a Aleksandra Nevskogo. Tatar-Mongols hiki ole loa anai ka Lūkini moku'āina. Honua wahi a ka Lūkini aliʻi, e alii ai maluna o, loaa no ka mea iā Goga palapala (lepili). Oia kekahi i 'ae' ia ma 1319 a ua i ka makahiapo-kane, o Daniela, Yury o Moscow, e noho alii ma Novgorod. A me Moscow, ua haawiia no ia ia i loko o kona hooponopono ana o kona kaikaina.

Ivan Kalita, i ke kiʻi o ka i ua hoike mai ia ma lalo nei, ua i nee, like i ka moolelo o kona mau mua, Vladimir. He hoʻoholo i ka noho ma Moscow. Ua pâʻani 'o ia hanana kūlana he nui i loko o ka hopena o ka Kremlin, a me nā kūlanakauhale a pau. Ma Moscow ma hope o Ivan a me Petero neʻe i Kauhalenui.

Na Kremlin lilo i ka noho ana o Lūkini alii

Kremlin mai ia manawa ua oki ia e wale he aiiay 'ole. Description o ka Kremlin pono hou i loko o keia? Aieao. He huli i loko o ka noho ana o ka Kauhalenui, a me ka Luna Duke. Kremlin mokuna mua kukulu i wale laau hale. Mai ia manawa, ia i hoomaka ai e kūkulu i ka hale o ke keʻokeʻo pohaku. No laila, ma ka Borovitsky puu, kona kiekie loa, i hoʻokumu i ka mea mahuʻi Hale Pule Nui, a lilo iho la ia i ka ekalesia ka papa kuhikuhi o ka Moscow na'lii. Church o Ioanna LestvichnikaʻIkea maila i ka 1329, i ka Hale Pule Nui o Arhangela Mihaila - i ka 1333. kēia mau hale mua o ka pōhaku, a hoakaka hou i ka kuhikuhipuʻuone manaʻo o ka Moscow Kremlin, Ua ola i ko kakou manawa. Capital ma lalo o Ivan Kalita ua ulu. Kremlin i kaʻawale kikowaena hapa o ke kulanakauhale.

Ua pono e olelo mai la ia i ka inoa "Kremlin" ikea no ka manawa mua i loko o ka moʻolelo o ke alahou ana, e ka Lā 1331 makahiki. Ka mea, 'o ia hoʻi e hooikaika ana i ka kikowaena hapa o ke kulanakauhale.

Ivan Kalita ma mua o kona make ana, palapala iho la i ka uhaneʻike heluhelu. Ma ka mea,ʻo ia i hoʻoili ai i nā hōʻailona o ka mana o Rusia (ka mō'ī mau kapa, maikai tableware, ke gula kāʻei a me ka lei), like me nā mea a pau o ko Moscow ka aina i kāna mau keiki kāne.

keʻokeʻo pōhaku Kremlin

I ka 1365, hookahi manawa hou waiho wale aku no i ka laau hale o ka Kremlin mai i ke ahi. A laila, Dmitry Donskoy, na keiki alii o Moscow, hoʻoholo ihola e kūkulu i ka pohaku hale ma luna o ka puu Borovitsky. Winter 1367 No keia mea i lawe mai ai i ke kapikala o limestone ke aupuni '30 mile mai ke kulanakauhale Myachkovo kauhale. ? Ieoaeunoai hoomaka ma ka luawai. Ma ke kikowaena o Moscow i ka hopena a pau he keʻokeʻo-pohaku pā, a i ka mea mua ma ka akau-hikina mai Rusia. Teritori o ka Kremlin i ka mea ia manawa, ua mahuahua ma ka lilo ana o ka puu, a pēlā hoʻi me kona lepa. Kona kuhikuhipuʻuone ma ka hopena o ka XV kenekulia loaa kāna moʻolelo i mea ano o kēia Lūkini eaieoaeuiue, a hoomaka ae la Moscow e e ike i ka hope o Vladimir a me Kiev.

Constantinople, ke kapikala o ke Byzantine aupuni a pau, Ua pio lakou i ka 1453 ma ka Kauai. No laila, i ke kūlana o ka Orthodox hoomaka ae la e lawe mai i ke kulanakauhale alii Moscow. I mea e lawe mai i ke kūlanakauhale i loko o kaʻaeʻana i kēia kūlana, Ivan Iii kii i ke kapikala o Lūkini haku a me Italian nā kānaka kuhikuhipuʻuone no ka Kremlin? Aeiino?.

Ho okumu ana o ka Kremlin Ensemble

Ma lalo o ke alakaʻi o Aristotle Fioravanti, ka Italia kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone, i loko o ka manawa mai ka 1475 a hiki i 1479 makahiki, me ka hou mea mahuʻi Hale Pule Nui, i ka papa kuhikuhiE ekalesia i loko o Rusia i hoʻokumu. Ma ka kekahiʻaoʻao o ka huinahalike, e ku pono ana i ka Hale Pule Nui, kekahi Italia, Aleviz hou, kukulu iho la i ka luakini-luakupapau - i ka Hale Pule Nui o Arhangela Mihaila. Moscow luna hale i kūkuluʻia i loko o ka komohana hapa o ka Kremlin. Ua komo Ka Gold, Embankment a me Big Faceted keena.

Ua kukulu Hale Pule Nui o ka Annunciation hope, i loko o ka manawa mai ka 1485 ma luna o 1489 makahiki. Noho kokoke iā ia i ka nānā 'ana Church o ka palapala moʻopane o ka holokū a puni. Ma ka makahiki, a ua kaupalena ai i ka Annunciation a me ka luna'ānela cathedrals, moku'āina hale alii ka moana. Kēia i ka papa kuhikuhiE waihona kālā o ke aliʻi.

Ke Ensemble o Hale Pule Nui Square i pau i ka hana o ka bele halekiai Ivana Velikogo. Ua Ua pau i loko o nā makahiki 1505-1508. Ivan ke Great Bell ringing mai laila, hoomaka ae la e hooluolu nā kupa o ke kulanakauhale alii.

All hou luakini i mea maʻa mau, ua kūkuluʻia ma luna o ke kahua o ka mua, ka poe i 'aneʻi ma ka manawa o Dmitry Donskoy a me Ivan Kalita. Kūkulu i loko o ko lākou wahi, ka Moscow Kremlin hoi na mea makau a pau i ka ia inoa. All ilina a kea laa, o ka maha kahiko i pono hoolilo i loko o ia mau mea. O Vladimir mea mahuʻi Hale Pule Nui Ua hoʻoneʻe ka loa koʻi kaua i ahu o Russian i ka manawa - ka ikona o ko kākou Lede o Vladimir.

Kremlin hale kiaʻi

Ke kukulu o ka hou hale kiaʻi a me nā pā, ua i ka hoʻopau hoʻopā aku i ka manao o ka Kremlin Ensemble. Lākou ka kūkuluʻana a me ka hou lawe wahi i loko o kekahi mau kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao. Ua hana mua Taynitskaya hale kiaʻi. Ua loaʻa iā ia he lola honua hooholo i ka Moskva muliwai. Kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone, e hoʻokō 'ia i kēia papahana, - Anton Fryazin, Italia. Kekahi o kona compatriot Marco Fryazin hana Beklemishevskaya hale kiai, e kapaʻia Moskvoretskaya. A laila, hana Sviblova, ka mea no hoi i ka malu OAAIeOO i ka Moscow muliwai. Ma Sviblovo hale kiai i ka 1633, ua hoʻokumu 'ia i ka kūikawā mīkini no ka mea, ua leha ka wai, a Kapa hou i ke ia Vodovzvodnaya.

I ka 1488, ua kūkuluʻia ka Annunciation hale kiai. Alaila, kukulu ia a me nā mea makau o ka Moscow Kremlin. Ka mea, he mau Hea inoa halekiai a me Borovitskaya, o Petero, a me Nabatnaya Constantine a me Helen. Spassky hale kiai i kūkuluʻia, e hooikaika i ka hikina hapa o ka Kremlin. He manawa kona hoʻokuleana kope '. Spassky hale kiai la kona inoa i loko o ka hanohano o na icons elua: o ka mea e ola ai, a me ka Mea e Olaʻi o Smolensk.

Ua kūkulu St. Rotehama i ka ia manawa. Ma waena o ka mea, a me ka mea e ola ai ua ulu i kekahi mea ma hope ikea iho la keia e like me ka Senate. Middle a kihi Arsenal Tower ikea mai i ka hopena o ka XV kenekulia. I ka Ia manawa, he mea ka Trinity ka mea kiekie loa i loko o ka Kremlin,. E hōʻoia i ka maluhia o ke hoʻokokoke mai ia ia ia i kukulu Kutafya kiai. No ka mea wahi mea ua ua kukulu ia ma ka Halepaikau, a me ka Commandant o ka Neglinnaya muliwai. I ka 1680 ka mea iʻikeʻia i ka hope halekiai o ka Kremlin - Tsar ka Tora.

ka noho alii ana Ivana Groznogo manawa i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ka Kremlin

I ka 1547 ma ka mea mahuʻi Hale Pule Nui Ivan Grozny, Grand Aliʻi o Moscow, i kukala aku ai i ka mea mua i loko o Rusia autocrat. Ke poo o ka Lūkini Orthodox Church, Kauhalenui Macarius kauoha aku hoike mai ia ia ke alii, kau i ka chap ma luna o ke poʻo o Monomakh Ivana Groznogo. I mea e haawi hou credibility i ke Moscow aupuni, ka mea i hoʻoholo e canonize nui ascetics a me ka mōʻaukala na kii, e like me ka manao e decorate i ka paia o ka Kremlin cathedrals monumental pena.

Koa paipai aʻo kai eʻe, i kūpono i loko o ka lanakila Astrakhan a me Kazan Khanate, hoʻoikaika i ka mana o ka Lūkini moku'āina. Ma ka hanohano o kēia mau hanana, ka mea i hoʻoholo i kūkulu i ka Hale Pule Nui o ka uwao o ka Malia Puÿupaÿa la, iʻikeʻia i keia la me St. Vasiliya Blazhennogo. He Ua kūkuluʻia i loko o ka manawa mai ka 1555 ma 1562 ma waho o ka Kremlin, a ua hoʻokoʻikoʻiʻia ka kūikawā nui o keia hale. Ua ua 'aneʻi, kokoke i ka Spassky puka, i nā hana i ka hou mawaena konu o ka lawelawe ola o Moscow - Red Square.

Iloko o ka Livonian War, ka mea i hoʻi mai ai i Polotsk, ke kahiko Lūkini kulanakauhale. Ma ka hanohano o keia hanana, Ivan Grozny kena ae e kūkulu hou i ka luakini o ke Annunciation, i mālama ai i kona hale ekalesia. 4 liʻiliʻi ekalesia (Chapel) i, ua kūkuluʻia ma luna o nā keʻena ma luna o ka Hale Pule Nui i loko o 1563-1566, niioaaonoaaiii.

Ka noho alii ana o ke alii, ma ka hou, ka mea i hoʻomaopopo i ka muli o nā kauoha o ka Kremlin. Ka ai-kapaʻia ka pāʻana o. Lākou mau hale i aia ma luna o ka Ivanovo wahi o ka Kremlin, e hoohuli ana i loko o ka aaieieno? A me ka pāʻoihana konu o ke kulanakauhale alii. Ambassadorial 'Oihana i noʻonoʻo i nāʻano nui o ia. Ma kana oihana, he na kumuhana o kuwaho, e like me ka mana hoʻomalu ma luna o ke ana ana o ke kauohaʻana.

Kremlin huli ana, i loko o ka XVIII kenekulia

Ka mua piha palapala o ka Kremlin, a ua mālama i kēia lā, nā lā hoʻi i ka 1663 makahiki. Ma ia oe hiki ma ka manaʻo o kēia wahi nana laila.

Kremlin (Moscow) ma ka huli ana o XVII-XVIII kenekulia ua hoano e i kona heyday. ka moku'āina poʻo Ua hoʻoneʻeʻia e ke kauoha Petra Velikogo mai Moscow a hiki i St. Petersburg i ka 1712. Eia naʻe, mea mahuʻi Hale Pule Nui hana mau i ka ia i ka papa kuhikuhiE ekalesia i loko o Rusia. Ua Uaʻaneʻi i hoomaemaeia aupuni. Akā, hou aku ana dictated he okoaʻaoʻao o ke ola, no laila, i ka ?? eoi? Borovitsky Hill hoomaka ae la e kūkulu hou. Aia i hou Hawaii o ka Moscow Kremlin, ma ka nui, hale aliʻi, monasteries a auou caiaiai i ka naita e kahiko keena.

No laila, dismantled kūkuluʻia i loko o ka XV kenekulia, ka House o ka Tsar ka pā hale. Ka mea, Ua UAIAaIN e Baroque kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone Rastrelli i pōhaku Winter Palace ma ka kaila. Aia ua no hoi he Tsar Bell ma ka hikina ma ka mea o Anny Ioannovny. Ua i elua makahiki - mai ka 1733 a hiki i 1735. naʻe, ia ia i destined e mālama i kona Manao iho la ia mea. I ka 1737, iloko o ka Kremlin Trinity ale iho i ke ahi, e kinai loa i ka? Ieoaeunoaa iauaeoia o ka lāʻau olohelohe ia lakou i ka wai i ka bele. Aie i ka mea nui mahana oko apana nahaha wawahi aku, mai ona aku. Bell i koe i loko o ka ninini lua, e pili ana i ka haneri makahiki, akā, i loko o 1836 ka mea i hoʻonohoʻia ma luna o ka pedestal, kahi āna i koe a hiki i kēia lā.

E pili ana i ka hōʻike o ka Moscow Kremlin, ka mea e e hoike ia i kona kūkuluʻia i ole mau hoaponoia mai a me ka naauao. No laila, i loko o ka wahi, kahi a ka Waihona Kiekie, i kūkuluʻia Gallery o ka Halepaikau ma na makahiki 1756-1764, ma laila i kau waiwai waihona waiwai. A mau makahiki ma hope ka mea i hooholoia e? Aeiino? I ka Kremlin, a i wāwahi i ka Halepaikau a me ka kahiko hale'ē aʻe. No ka mea, o keia hema-hikina hapa o ka puu Borovitsky i hanau, a me ka hou kukulu mai.

hoʻokani MF Kazakov kūlana nui i loko o hoʻololi i ke ano o ka Kremlin. i kukulu ka hale o Bishopʻana ma lalo o kona hooponopono. I 1776-1787 makahiki i kukulu ia e ke Senate. Ka hale ua i hoʻokū pono ia i loko o ka makahiki ma waena o ke alanui, a me ka St. Rotehama ka hana mana hoailona. Ka mea, ua pau i ka Ensemble o ke Senate Square.

Alexander I i ka 1806 i hoopuka ia ke kauoha aku e like me i ma wahi o ka Trinity hoailona, a Tsareborisova aha ka mea i hoʻoholo i kūkulu i ka Hale hale no ka papaa o mau waiwai. Egotov papahana o ka hale i ke hoʻololi. Ieoaeunoai o ka iau i lawe mai, mai 1806 a hiki i 1810. Ma ka Kremlin, like me ka hopena o keia, he hou hale, e like me ka pono me heʻuʻuku wahi ma waena o Arsenal a me Trinity hale kiai, Pani 'ōlelo' Trinity.

Kremlin ma hope o ke kaua o 1812

Manao kuka malu no ka hou ka kūkuluʻana o ka Kremlin wāwahi Patriotic War. A lohe o Napoleon ka poe koa kaua akula Moscow, ke kulanakauhale Apo aku la ia i ke ahi. He nui mau waiwai i looted. Petrovsky i, 1st inoa, Vodovzvodnaya hale kiai, haʻalele aneane i kekahi mea, a mai St. Rotehama.

Ua hana mau ma hope o ka lanakila Creation o ka Moscow Kremlin, e like me ka hoihoi hou ia ana o kona Kanakaʻole. Lawe i kona Lūkini nā kānaka kuhikuhipuʻuone. E puhiʻoukou i ka Kremlin pa a me ka hale kiaʻi hou. I 1838-1851 makahiki ma ka mea o Rotehama I ma ke kahua o ka Winter Palace i kūkuluʻia ka hale luna '. Ua ua hapa o ka Moscow Halepaikau, Grand Kremlin Palace a me ke keʻena. ? Ieoaeunoai alakaʻi i ka KA tona. Ke Ensemble o ka Palace Square hoʻonaniʻia luna 'o hou hale.

Hale Pule Nui Square, mai ka manawa o ka demolition kauoha, a noho hamama. Aia i lawe mai i loko o ka XIX kenekulia, parades o ka poʻe hao wale. Ua lilo aku ia Dragoon parade lepo. Ma keia wahi, i ka 1989, ua kukulu ia he kia hoʻomanaʻo no Alexander II.

Kremlin i ka Soviet au

E paipai oe familiarize oe iho me ka Moscow Kremlin ka manao, e ka Lā 1917 makahiki.

Ma March 1918, ma ka Kremlin, i ke aupuni ua noho ka RSFSR. Ma ka Senate oihana-keʻena o Lenin ka hale mua ia i ke aupuni ', a laila Stalin. Keʻena o ka Kremlin i paʻa ai i ka lehulehu.

I keia manawa, ka mea, ua waiho wale aku no irreparable poino i ka ekalesia, a monasteries a pau ma luna o ka'āina. Kremlin Ensemble i i pakele i kēia hopena. Moscow Kremlin kuka i ka iki loli. I ka 1929 Voznesensky a me Chudov monasteries i lukuia. I ka hale o ke Koa School ua ulu i loko o ko lākou wahi.

Iloko o ka Nui Patriotic War, ke kuhikuhipuʻuone luna 'aneane loli. Ua Ua wehe no ka nana i ka 1955. I ka 1961 ma kahi o ka Trinity puka ka mea, kukulu iho la i ka Palace o Congresses.

Kremlin Ensemble i keia la

I kēia lā, he nui iauaeoia oo? Ecia, mai nā mea a pau ma luna o ka honua e hele mai e makaikai i ka mea makau a ka Kremlin a me Red Square. Mau wahi, a hiki i kēia lā ua i nalowale lākou grandeur.

I ka makahiki 1990, i ka Kremlin ua hui ka UNESCO World hoʻoilina List. Museum ke aupuni 'ʻaneʻi, i hookoe "Moscow Kremlin", a me ka Halepaikau, ka Annunciation, ka mea mahuʻi a me ka luna'ānela Hale Pule Nui, ka Museum o haʻapili Art a me Life o XVII kenekulia Rusia, Church o ka palapala moʻopane o ka holokū a me ka Ensemble o Ivan ke Great Bell. Mai ka makahiki 1991, i ka Kremlin lilo i ka noho ana o ka pelekikena Lūkini.

Ma ka 850 la lā hoʻomanaʻo o ke kumukuai, a Moscow mai la i ka 1997, ua hoihoi hou i ka Kremlin. E like me ka hopena o kēia mau hana, ua hoihoi hou ia Red lanai Faceted keʻena ma luna, i ka Senate i undergone hoihoi hou ia ana o ka hale, a ua lawe mai, a me ka hana. I keia la, i ka Kremlin cathedrals i kaʻahaʻaina nui o ka Orthodox kilokilo lawelawe. Hana pono me Kauai o ka Kanakaʻole holoʻokoʻa.

Moscow Kremlin ka manao ka loaʻa o ka helu ana o kekahi mau hale. Ua loaʻa he wahi o 27,5 aa i keia la, a me ka lōʻihi o nā pā -. 2235 M he 20 hale kiai, i hiki kiekie o 80 mau mika. Kremlin pā i ka mānoanoa o ka mai 3.5 hiki i 6.5 m. Ko lakou kiekie ka 5 a hiki i 15 m.

I kēia lā i kēia wahi ua paa ka hana hoihoi hanana - hoʻololi no ka poe kiai ma ka Kremlin. Ua Ua paa i ka Hale Pule Nui Square kela Poaono, ma ka 12 awakea I ka manawa ma ka i 'oe ke' ike i ka hoonohonoho hou ana o ka poe kiai i loko o ka Kremlin - mai April a hiki iʻOkakopa. He nui kūpono no ka iauaeoia oo? Ecia.

Kremlin i ka hoʻomaka o ka XX kenekulia ua increasingly ike me ka kuhikuhipuʻuone a me ka mōʻaukala-moʻomeheu kia. Ma nā aupuni a me nā aupuni nā hōʻike i pinepine ma ka make waiwai, mai ka makua'lii i ka lole a me ka mea kaua. Ka la mahope o ia i loko o ka XIX kenekulia ua i ka hale e neeaaia. Eia naʻe, hoomaka ae la kona mōʻaukala nui mamua. Back i 1547 e ka mua hoohiki o ka hana i ka manawa o ka mea Halepaikau. Ma ia manawa, aole i mālama kaua arsenal. Kekahi manawa ma hope, hoomaka ae la ka Halepaikau Kahea nui waihona kālā, a me nā kama'āina iā mākou i ka inoa originated i loko o ka 1560s. Ke iau manawa kekahi i kū hoʻokahi mōʻaukala ho'āʻoʻia, a me ka chap o Monomakh, e like me ka wa kahiko maikai fabrics, i ka noho alii o Lūkini i Emperor, na mea kaua a me ka oi.

Kremlin ka moʻolelo mau like me ka mōʻaukala o ko mākou noho ana, ka hōʻailona o ka i ia mea. A XXI kenekulia nō e komo i loko o kona mauʻaoʻao.