He aha ka ka Pulitzer uku, a no ka mea, i ua kumu kāki. Pepeiaohao nui Winners o ka Pulitzer uku

I keia la, i ka Pulitzer lua o kekahi o ka loa kaulana, a, me ia i kaʻilihune, ka honua o ka loa 'ihiʻihi Ka hoʻolilo' ia i loko o journalism, photojournalism, mele, moʻokalaleo a me ka hana kilokilo ana. Ua Ua 'āpono' ia e kaʻumikumamāhiku August 1903 Joseph Pulitzer, ka mea i ka luawai-ike Amelika hoʻopuka a me kanaka moʻolelo nūpepa, kona inoa ua noho pili me ka muli o ka "melemele kaomi" o ke ano moʻokalaleo Ke.

Dzhozef Pulittser Ua hanau ia ma April 1847 ma Hungary. Ma hope o emigrating i na makahiki he umikumamahiku i loko o ka United States, i ka 1878, ua kuai lilo mau loa-ike Amelika nupepa - "St. Louis kua iho" a me "St. Louis Post", a kūpono ai ka hou periodical - ". St. Louis Post-kua iho" Hoomaopopoia ana o ka mana o ke kaomi ma luna o kanaka naau, Pulitzer hoʻohana kona Edition e e hoolaha aku i ka loa a me ka controversial kekahi henua 'atikala i loaʻa ka noʻonoʻo loi o na hana o ke Aupuni. Soon, o kona paiia lilo kekahi o ka loa e pono a me ka mana i loko o ka komohana United States. I ka 1883, oia kuai lilo ka New York World, a huli ia i loko o ke kaulana nupepa, piha ka pili aupuni kūkala nūhou, complemented ma Nā Puke Kātuna a me ke kaha kiʻi. E loaa mai ka nupepa hoʻopuka puke waiwai Dzhozef Pulittser School o Journalism hana a hoʻokau i ka makana kaulana.

Mea maʻa mau, ke Pulitzer uku ua kumu kāki i ka Monede mua o May, mau lala o ka US Columbia University no poʻokela e piʻi like i loko o ka mahinaʻai o ka moʻokalaleo a me ka journalism. ka uku dala no ka hapanui koho o ka umi tausani dala. Kaawale, i ka waeʻano "No ka hana ana i ka mea kaiāulu", nona ka uwa launa ole wale koi pohō a me ka uku, akā, i ka mekala gula "No ka mea pono hana a hiki i ke kaiāulu."

I huina loaʻa nō a ianoiyuaa a ma kahi o 25 okoa koho, i waena o i 14 i pololei pili i ka journalism. Kela a me keia makahiki, kūikawā noonoo i ka palapala, ai hoʻolilo 'ia' ana ma eono koho: "No ka fiction puke i kākauʻia e ka mea kākau Amelika o Amerika", "No ke Kawaihae a nova iho ma ka 'Amelika mea kākau", "No ka mea, o ka puke ma luna o ka mōʻaukala o ke USA", "No ka mea maikaʻi hana keaka", "No ka mea poem" a me ka "No ka ole-fiction." E like me ka mōʻaukala hoike, ka Pulitzer lua (ka puke) i ole i hookoia he umi, e like me ke jure i hikiʻole ke kuhikuhi i kekahi palapala, ai 'hana, e pono no i ka hoʻolilo' ia '.

Ka moolelo o ka

E like me ka olelo mua, no ka Pulitzer makana i hele mai i loko o 1903, ka wā e Ua kākauʻia mai ka makemake Dzhozefa Pulittsera. Ua Ua hookoia mua i ka 1917. E like me ka 'aelike ma waena o Columbia University (ma lalo o ka auspices o ka'Āuna Kumu o Journalism i lawe wahi makahiki ia nā kumu kāki hōʻike) a me Pulitzer, i ke koi pohō a hapa o ka makana o ka makahiki makahiki e hookomo ana i ka Pulitzer Foundation, i hanaʻia ma ka lilo ana o ka elua-miliona donation i ke kulanui. Ke'ī mai, me ka uku dala makana ka waihona dala i ma kahi o 550 tausani dala. Ma waho aʻeo ia donations o kālepa, Ua hana kekahi dala i ka makahiki 1970, a o Laielohelohe hou dala no ka uku ana i kēia 'ihiʻihi ia nā kumu kāki.

Ka helu o nā koho a me ka hoʻolilo 'ia' o ka hoi wale maoli no manawa. No laila, i ka 1922, lua no ka mea maikaʻi loa Cartoon muaʻikeʻia, a ma ka 1942 i ka ia nā kumu kāki i mua i hookoia no ka mea maikaʻi loa Hawaii photo. A liʻuliʻu ma hope mai i ke koho i ka mea maikai loa mele a me nā moʻolelo keaka wale hana. Eia hou kekahi, ma Mei 2006 i waena o nā contenders no ka Pulitzer uku uhi ole wale pepa, akā, i lolouila hana.

Ka Competition jure

Pulitzer lua i hookoia e ka Papa o Kahu o Columbia University ma ka hopena o ke Aʻoaʻo 'Ike Loea Board. He keia kino a pau i ka leo kuleana ma ka hoomaopopo ana i ka Winners. Nā lālā o ke Aʻoaʻo 'Ike Loea Board mea, e hookupaa aku ana hoʻohālike no ka ia nā kumu kāki.

Initially, ka Papa oia wale no ka mea heʻumikumamākolu i komo, akā, ma ka hapalua like-ka makahiki 1990, aia heʻumikumamāhiku kanaka. I ka lā Pulitzer komite maupaʻa 19 poe akamai, iwaena o lakou uku luna, elima pono-ike no ka luna hoʻopuka, hoʻokahi columnist, me ka luna hoʻoponopono, a me eono o eonoʻepekema.

Nâ hana o ka makana Komite ua mau paku ole ia i lehulehu noʻonoʻo loi. Kela a me keia makahiki i ka jure loaa mea i 'ōlelo lehulehu o ka pāʻewaʻewa a me subjectivity i loko o ka ia nā kumu kāki o ka' ihiʻihi ia nā kumu kāki. Eia naʻe, e like me ka makemake o ka mea nāna i hana o ka Pulitzer uku, e hoʻololi i ka mea o kēia kaʻina hana nei,ʻaʻole e hiki.

kaʻina Achievement

E like me kaʻo Samuel ia nā kumu kāki, no ke koho ma ka journalism pono, e haawi i ka mea ma ka pepa palapala ole ma mua o ka mua o Feberuari o kaʻikena makahiki hope. No ka palapala, ai 'hana i ka lā e ia July 1 hope makahiki no na buke, i i paʻiʻia, mai Ianuari a hiki i Iune; a me Nowemapa 1 no ka puke i paʻi mai Iulai a hiki i Dekemaba.

Interestingly, ka waeʻano o journalism hiki ke koi ma ka aoao o kekahi kanaka i loko o ka holoʻokoʻa wā o ka uku nui. I ka papa kuhikuhiE mea i ka manaʻo i hoakaka i kope o na palapala e hookupaa aku ana i ka moho pono no ka ia nā kumu kāki. Like no ka moʻokalaleo, ka 'Aha pono i eha kope ma ke koho i imua ma ka puke no ka nāʻana. A like ke kaʻina hana no ua hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ka manao o na mea he nui Lūkini palapala, ai' ia nā kumu kāki. Akā, i ka wahine a me ka hana keaka hana i ke koho no ka hoʻolilo 'ia' ole ma hope ma mua o ka mea mua o Maraki keia makahiki, a wale ma ke ano i lala a pau o ke jure i kama'āina i ko lakou lehulehu hana.

Olelo hooholo ma ka haawi ana i ka ia nā kumu kāki loaa loko o hoonoho ia e ke Kulanui no kēlā me kēia waeʻano ma ke jure. Kēlā me kēia jure e hoʻomākaukau i ka papa inoa o ka ekolu moho, a waiho ia i ka Pulitzer makana Board. Ka 'Aha, ma ka huli, ninaninau a pau i ka mea mua ia, a me palapala kumu, koi a me na hana o nominees, a laila, ma laila aku i kāinoa mua lākou kūmole iho no o ka apono ana o ka papa o ke kahu o Columbia University. Ke kahu i ke koho ana o ka Papa, a koke haʻi i nā Winners, me ke kali ana no ka lawe mai o ka kūhelu Ka hoʻolilo 'ia ka lawelaweʻia. It E e kaulana ia aole na kahu, aole hoi na lala o ke jure hiki ole ho ololi i ke koho ana o ka Papa. Kona mau lala hooholo ma ka ia nā kumu kāki no kekahi nominee, ka nānā 'ana i nā koi o ka jure. None o na kahu, nā lālā o ka jure a me ka 'Aha i ole ma ka hālāwai kūkā a me ke koho ana ina ka makana haawi ia e loli ai i ko lakou mau kino pono. Aha wale nô Ua kaupalena 'ia ekolu hua'ōlelo o nā makahikiʻekolu kela a me keia, a ua piha i ka hakahaka ma ka malu balota, a i koi' ia e hele i na lala? Ueony o ka Papa.

Ka loa kaulana Winners o ka Pulitzer uku

Mai ka muli o kēia makana laureates lilo ka hailonaʻana o nā moʻolelo a me nā kānaka moʻolelo, i waena o ka poʻe i nā loa-ike a ike 'ole' ia e ka lehulehu kākau. Ka loa mua e uwa ana o ka ia nā kumu kāki i ke Amelika kanaka moʻolelo nūpepa Herbert Bayard, ka mea i i hookoia keia 'ihiʻihi makana no ka moʻo o ka' atikala ma lalo o ka inoa "Hawaii ka German aupuni a pau."

I kekahi mau makahiki i ka palapala, ai 'makana i hookoia na hana e like me "Hana Party me ka Wind" ma Margaret Mitchell, "The Old Man, a me ka Sea" ma Ernest Hemingway, e like me Harper Lee puke "E luku loa oukou i ka Mockingbird." I ka Ia manawa i ka hapa nui o ka puke lanakila ka Pulitzer uku, ua loa i waena o ka maikaʻi-kūʻai, e like me ka loaa ana i ka ia nā kumu kāki ke kahua hana keaka loa kau ma luna o ka laulā ke kahua.

Like no ka haole Winners o ka Pulitzer uku, o ka mua keia nominee ua he Lūkini kanaka moʻolelo nūpepa Artyom Borovik me kona reportage "Room 19" o ka lolo hana o ka Institute. ¶ A i loko o 'Apelila 2011, i ka makana i kumu kāki Anne Politkovskoy no ka piha chronicle o ke kaua i loko o Chechnya. Kekahi Lūkini kanaka moʻolelo nūpepa - Alexander Zemlyanichenko - elua-manawa e uwa o ka ia nā kumu kāki no konaʻaoʻao pale o ka Moscow putsch i ka makahiki 1991 a me ka Boris Yeltsin kiʻi.

Pulitzer makana no ka moʻokalaleo. Ke kumu nui hiʻona o ka ia nā kumu kāki

Like mua 'ana i kumumanaʻo, ka Pulitzer uku no ka moʻokalaleo, ma ka Akä naÿe i ka Winners i loko o ka' ē aʻe waeʻano i ole mau loa i ikeia, a ike kākau moʻolelo. Oiai ka panel o na Lunakanawai i pinepine hoopiiia o incompetence a me ka hoopunipuni. Kēia Ua pili kēia loko mai o ka mea i kona mau lala ikaika like me na rula i unuhiia mai e Joseph Pulitzer, e like me a keia ia nā kumu kāki, e like me kekahi Lūkini ka palapala, ai uku, kumu kāki wale i ka poe kākau moʻolelo, ka poe i hoolaa ai i ko lakou buke o ke ola, a me 'Amelika mōʻaukala.

Pinepine hana i loaa mai Ka hoʻolilo 'ia i ka palapala, ai' uuku waiwai, nae, pololei a me ke 'ano hōʻike ola i loko o ka outback a hai aku, no ka mea hoike, e pili ana i ke kino pilikia o nā pōkiʻi' Amelika. I mea no ke aha la e puunaueia i kaʻikepili ka palapala, ai waiwai pio: ma ke ano moʻokalaleo, a ma ka manawa rula. Kela a me keia makahiki i ka jure Nāna e koho i kekahi mau hana, e mea pono e wehewehe i ka makana, a me ka hala ana o kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia.

Kuokoa ana o ka kānaka apau i mākaukau nā kānaka moʻolelo

Pulitzer makana journalism - o ka mea nui a me ka 'ihiʻihi ia nā kumu kāki no ka' Amelika periodicals. Ua nā He helu o ke koho, a ua oaeuiinoe like me ka mämä holo a me ka pono, i ka wa e uhi hanana a me ka makana o nā kānaka moʻolelo i loko o kā lākou hana. Interestingly, ma keia hihia, ke hoʻolilo i Winners mea i pono kanaka, akā, holoʻokoʻa puke.

'O kēia paha ka loa ke wńnana i Pulitzer uku. Laureates ma keia hihia ua mauʻia ma mua, a me ke kilokilo i ka hope o ka mea koho mea,ʻaʻole paʻakikī. I ka mea ia manawa, i mai la i ke koho ua manaoia e noho malie a me ka noho malie ma ka hapanui loa o na scandals a me hoopiiia. Ka hapanui o kiʻiʻoniʻoni 'aelike' ana a pau laureates o ka makana iā lākou Ka hoʻolilo 'ia a me ka deservedly no laila,' aelike.

Music a me ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni

Ma ke kahua o ka puolo Pulitzer makana ua i hookoia ma ka nui o ekolu tausani dala. Ua ua i hookoia no ka poʻokela hana ma 'Amelika haku mele i hana ia ma kekahi nui ala. Kēia a pau orchestral, pü maila a me ke keʻena hana, ke keaka mele a me nā mele.

he mea no hoi kūikawā ka hoʻonaʻauao 'ana i loko o ka nui o ka elima tausani dala, koe wale mele uku, i ua kumu kāki i poʻokela haumāna puka o ka'Āuna Kumu o Journalism, ua hoike i ka makemake e specialize i loko o ka mahinaʻai o ke mele, keaka, kinotelevizionny a me ka palapala, ai noʻonoʻo loi.

Pulitzer uku hana keaka i uku i ke kālā i loko o ka nui o ekolu tausani dala. Ka mea, e hookoia me ka haipule pono-ike kau wela, a me ka bipi mea kuhikuhi, e hana ana ma luna o ka hana keaka i like Huli i. Like o ka hihia a me ka moʻokalaleo, ua loaa ia lakou na hana kiʻekiʻe iaia o ke jure, ka mea i ike ole, ua hōʻike ai i ka lehulehu, a aole o ke kahua ma luna o Broadway.

no ka pana Achievement

Pulitzer makana ua deservedly manaoia kekahi o ka loa ai makemake loa ia no ka mea paʻi. No ka nui loa, ka mea, 'o ia hoʻi ka hailona oi ma mua pono koi pohō a uku. He He iaia o ko lākou mau pono, i ke kumukuai o kela la i keia hana. I ka Ia manawa a puni ke koho mea nō Makamae hoopaapaa. Public manao ka nui controversial, a me ka mea i paa paha a pau keia mea e pono Pulitzer waiwai pio he nui loa kanaka. Photos, i ka mea, ua i hookoia, pinepine e holo i ka palena o kaʻike mau nō. Ka hapa nui o nā hana a pau a hiki i ka uuku-ike paha, ua ma kaʻe nabivshim pilikia. 'Oihana i ka hamama make o pilikino dramas a mokumokuia destinies o kanaka. No laila, e haʻalele loa o nā kiʻi ma hope e kiai ana i ke kaumaha sediment.

Pinepine nema aku e malama i ole wale hana, akā, i nā mea paʻi lakou iho. Ka mea, e hoopiiia mai e ka mea, i filming ka horrific hanana, e makemake ana ia ma mua o ka kōkua ka poe i nele. No laila, no ka laʻana, Kevin Kartar, loaa ka ia nā kumu kāki no ka moʻo o nā kiʻi "wī i loko o ka Sudan", a kākauʻia i ke kaikamahine hoʻonāwaliwaliʻia ma ka pololi a me ka, alahula condor, e kali no kona make, i hana 'ia he pepehi anaʻia iā iho pono mau mahina ma hope o ka ia nā kumu kāki.

Achievement Winners i ka 2014

ʻumikumamāhā ma April 2014 i ua summed mai, a hai mai la i ka inoa o ka mea nona o kekahi Pulitzer uku. No laila, i ka uwa o ka makana no ka moʻokalaleo ua lilo Donna Tartt a me kona puke "Ka Goldfinch", i'ōlelo i ka moʻolelo o ke keiki o ka umikumamaha, kuewa wale ae la ma Manhattan make o kona makuwahine i ka hope. Kēia hana i kekahi i ka mea mua i loko o ka papa inoa o ka haneri maikaʻi buke o ka makahiki, e like me ka online, hale kūʻai "Amazon" ma ka hope o 2013.

Hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni makana ua Enni Beyker no kona hula "Flick", hooku iho la ia i loko o ka waeʻano "hana keaka hana". Ma ka waeʻano "Music" ia nā kumu kāki la oia i i hookoia ka Dzhon Lyuter Adams no ke mele "E kiʻi i ka moana."

Like no ka journalism, ka "Public Service" waeʻano ia nā kumu kāki i hele ai i ka paʻi puke "Ka Kahu" a "ka Washington Post", i lawe mai 'ana ma o ka US National ae mālama' oihana i komo i ka hana ma ke kumu o nā palapala i hoakaka ia ma ka Edward Snowden. Ma ke koho "Ka sensational mea" nā kānaka moʻolelo eo kekahi puke 'Amelika ( "The Boston poepoe honua"), a i uhiia e Naita me ia, a investigative hana iloko o ka Boston Marathon. Ua loaʻa Best hoʻonohonoho 'ai ia mau moʻolelo, e hana Reuters nā kānaka moʻolelo, haʻi e pili ana i ka hoomaau ana o Muslim nā kaiāulu i loko o Myanmar, a me ka hoʻokuapaʻa.