He aha ka ke aʻalolo kinoea? First kōkua no kaʻapu kōheoheo kinoea

Ma ka evolution o ke kanaka manawa, ua, e ho'āʻo kona kuleana e nei. Kona poe enemi, he pilikia ka noho, nui carnivores a me ka ua i kaʻino mea ka'ē aʻe naauao mea. I ka oukou pale ana i ke anu a me ka wela, kanaka aʻo i ke kūkulu hale, a e kapa, a me ka lanakila Moana a me ke akamai poe enemi - hoonui ae i hana i ka pepehi. Ke ho'āʻo mua i hoʻohana ke alohaʻawahia waiwai hiki ke noʻonoʻo me kaʻapu kōheoheo tipped pua. Akā, na kanaka a ua i lawa; ka mea, ua lewa me ke pa a ke ku maximal helu o ka poe enemi, a me ka invented nā aʻalolo kinoea.

He aha ka mea?

Nā aʻalolo kinoea - he pūʻulu o Nine Inch kaua konohiki, ec ka organophosphorus hui (organophosphates a me FOS FOV). I ka waiwai a ka'āinaʻawahia. Palena papaha ka mea, manaʻo e hana ia e like me ka mea o ka nuipa a ka make. Naʻe, ka hoao ana i loko o ka hoʻohana o Nine Inch Luna i ka First o ke Kaua Honua like me ka mea pepehi i kena ae la i kaʻino o ka palapala ma ke kaiāulu. Oiai ka hooulu ana o ka manawa ua emi pilikia ma mua o ke kālā no nā aʻalolo kinoea. Ke Kelemānia a hoʻohana 'ia no ka manawa mua loa me kaʻawahia waiwai chloro. I World War II ka mea i lawe mai hana i ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o sarin kinoea. Mea ulu Ua ua hoopanee, akā,ʻaʻole loa ia mai ia hōʻole.

Kekahi mau mea, mai ka moolelo mai o

Ka mua kauoha aku kākau Nine Inch hoouka i wahi i ka 1915 (April). Akā, mōʻaukala, ua ho'āʻo nuipa a kaʻapu kōheoheo me ke kinoea ma mua. Kēia i olelo ia i loko o kaʻoihana o ke kahiko Kina a me na mooolelo o ka Middle Ages.

Ua hoomakaukauia Organophosphorus i huiʻia ma ka makahiki 1846 ma ka Palani chemist Louis Jacques thenar. I ka makahiki 1934 ua, ka Kelemānia chemist Gerhard Shradar imi e hoʻomohala i ka hoʻokō insecticide noi organophosphorus konohiki e aeie i ka'emi nenoaiu o nā mea kolo. I ka 1936, i loko o ka papa o ka ho okolohua, ka mea, ua nā aʻalolo kinoea - i ka ohana bipi. I ka 1937, he nä känaka 'epekema hiki ia ia ma lalo o ka aoao o ke kulu o kona waiwai, a ike ia ia meaʻawahia i kānaka. Ma hope iho o ia i haʻakoiʻia, e hōʻike i ka puka o ke Keʻena o Pale Kaua.

I ka 1938, Schrader me ka pūʻulu o nā kānaka kōkua ma e synthesize i ke aʻalolo kinoea sarin. Kona hana ana i oi i ka bipi ma 10 manawa. I ka makahiki 1944, i ka Kelemānia R. Kuhn synthesized i oiʻawahia kinoea - soman. A iki ma hope, ka mea nui o ka noho pilikia loa hui - cyclosarin.

Pili Nine Inch ulu, Nazi Kelemānia, a i ole kekahi, a i ole i manawa. Akā, ho okolohua ma lehulehu hoʻomoana pio i paʻa a me ka hoakakaia.

Sarin kinoea. Oi loa aku hoi i ka hopena ma luna o ke kanaka kino

ʻO ko mākou hopohopo'ōnaehana Ua hoonohonoho ai i ua kaawale kona keena mai kekahi i kekahi mamao microscopically uuku. Akā, i kēia uuku kupono, e alalai mai nā aʻalolo impulses, a i hana i loko o ka hoolilo uao e holo mamao aku a me ka jitters e pāhola ana i ka pili aeee a me ka olona,. Ka loa nui i loko o kēia kaʻina ua noʻonoʻo i ka acetylcholine. Ua lanakila ka mamao a me ke kumu contraction o ka Muscle keena, a laila, luku apetilholinesterazoy.

Hana a nā aʻalolo kinoea ua nānā 'ana ma luna o ka' aʻe 'ana o ke kaʻina hana o ka splitting o acetylcholine. Muscle keena hoʻomau i ka emi, ke aʻalolo aeee i pīhoihoi, nausea, convulsions a me ka lōlō, e hali ana i ka make.

Nā aʻalolo kinoea mea colorless a me ka odorless. Oddly, akā, i loko o ka noho maoli ana o aggregation mea he wai. Sarin like soman, a me ka tabun, kaumaha ia ma mua o ka wai, ia mea hoomaikai wailana ma lipids a me ke aloha nā'uheheʻe, nā kapuahi ma 150 ° C (ka pili hanauna o ke kinoea - ma 300 ° C). Kēia a pau pūʻulu oʻawahia waiwai i nuiʻawahia, ka pinepine, hiki ole i ka hoakaka a me ka paʻakikī i nä ka kiko'ī type.

Hoʻonui me nā aʻalolo kinoea

Kinoea nā papahu - loaʻa 'ano o ka hoʻoponopono-pale. Eia naʻe, nā aʻalolo kinoea i loko o la e hiki ai e, mai kūʻai lilo aku, no ka mea, Aloha 'pilikia loa. ʻO ka mea uuku loa nā māhele, ka mea hiki i ka hewa ma luna o nā'āpana. Kinoea ÷ wili piha me teargas a me kekahi pahūpahū irritant irritants. Mau waiwai mai i pepehi, a i ke ahi, haehae, me ka puʻu a me ka maka pilikia. A pau o kēia mau symptoms i? Aiaiiuie.

I loko nō o ka mea i ke aʻalolo kinoea - he pololei hoʻoweliweli 'i ka manaʻo kanaka, e hoomau i ka hoʻopaʻa haʻawina, synthesize a pili illegally. No laila, i ka 1988 Saddam Huseyn hooukaia mai i ke kulanakauhale Halabadzha kahe mai ana he hopeʻia me ka sarin a me ka tabun. Ua pepehi hoi oi aku mamua o 15 tausani. Man civilians.

I ka 1995, Tokyo i ka poʻe hoʻoweliweli hoouka hoʻohana sarin. ole ke kinoea i loko o aerosol palapala, e ninini i loko o kaʻa'ōhua ma lalo iho hi. A laila, ua make 13 kanaka, akā, ma laila ma kahi o 10 tausani lakou. Hihia o loa kaʻapu kōheoheo.

kokua

Nā aʻalolo kinoea i haawi ia i like Nine Inch mea kaua o ka nuipa a ka make. Loli ana o na kanaka ma keia hihia koi 'ia ka manaʻo' inikua kōkua. He aha e pono ai, e ike i kōkua i kekahi kanaka a hana ino mai me kaʻawahia waiwai i loaʻa ma loko o ka kinoea hui o nā aʻalolo?

Ka mea o ka mua kōkua:

• E hou aku ia hanaʻino i ka ÷ naehana hanu'ōnaehana, ka luahi Pono e komo i ka kinoea ea paha.
• I ka hoike ana o ka antidote, a relieves ka nāna. Kēia manipulation pono e e hana e like me ka 'āwīwī i hiki. Ka pahu kui şarkı hoʻohana 'ana i ka' ohe hoopihaia me ka maopopo lāʻau. Kikokiko i ka lāʻau 'intramuscularly. Ka 'ohe E e kākau ma ka luahi mau kapa i nā kanaka, ka hoʻolako' kokua, e ike i keia kanaka i komo mua i antidote.
• I ka wai o ka Anati-kinoea AEeAaOA kekahi. It E e hoʻohana i ka sanitizing hooleiiaʻi mawaho māhele o ka ili.
• E like me ka mea o ka urgency E e i ka luahi ke piʻoloke o ka hoʻohuli ai i nā wahi. I ka Ia manawa, ka mea e kanaka hoʻoponopono i ke kūlana o ka luahi, a ma ka hopena o ka mea hōʻemi hou komo i ka antidote, e pale aku i ka hanana o ke kāʻili 'ana.
• I ka wā o ka aerosolʻehu kinoea kekahi i ua hoʻohaumiaʻia ke kapa. A hiki i ka lawe i ke kanaka mai o ka loli ana o mau mea, i ka manaʻo nele e puku ia. Couples mea i koe ma luna o nā kapa, ke loli i kaʻili a me ka ÷ naehana hanu kahua.
• ʻimi hoʻopunipuni ka hanu nā ke koi i ka maikaʻiʻole ia ma ina mea i hoʻohana 'ia e ku e ia kinoea like me ke kalapona monoxide paha sarin.