He aha mea he waihona o ka moʻolelo i kākau lima i loko o Baghdad? Makahiki o ke ola a me ka ano o ka mea

Waho pūnaewele o nā moʻolelo i kākau lima i loko o Baghdad, i kapaʻia ka "Hale o ka naauao." Kēia kula i hoʻokumu 'aneʻi ma ka lā i kakahiaka nui loa hikina hoomana ana o - Hoʻomana Mohameka, akā, ia mau ae la ia i pela lōʻihi. Initially, ua hele mai iʻaneʻiʻepekema, mai kekahi aina, ka mea hiki ke hoolilo i ka Baghdad, kekahi ike i loko o ke kula o ka 'epekema. Lākou haʻalele 'aneʻi kā lākou e piʻi like, a i ohi ia ma ka buke a me ka moe kolohe-lau no hou pūnaewele waho. Iloko o ka ikaika kaua ia i wahi ma waena o ka mana i ia manawa, ka mea, o ka waiwai nui o ka ike i ka lukuia, a me nā moʻolelo i kākau lima kahiko a pau, i houluuluia thinkers kiola i loko o ka Tigris River.

prehistory

Ma ka 8th kenekulia, ke Abbasid i nohoaliʻi hoʻokahuli i ka rula ana i ka manawa o ka Umayyads, ka mea i alii iho la oia ma ka aina o Mesopotamia. Capital ka mana ma ia manawa i loko o ke kulanakauhale o Mecca, a i manaoia he puuhonua no ka kaula, Muhammad a me nā mea a pau i kona mau ukali. Ke hou mana, māhunehune lanakila, hoʻoneʻe i ke poʻo a hiki i Baghdad, a me ka mea hope hoomaka ae la i ke kulanakauhale, e ulu mua ko kakou mau maka. I ka papa kuhikuhiE AIM ua e e ka Abbasids o Baghdad "New Alexandria". No ka mea, 'aneʻi hoomaka ae la e lawe mai lākou i nā mea a pau ma Europa a me Asia, na hana o nā poe akeakamai, nä känaka' epekema, mathematicians a me ka noiʻi. Pela no i hana i kekahi ano o ka waihona o ka moʻolelo i kākau lima i loko o Baghdad, a no kekahi manawa, he he mea kau o ka pepa la, a ilipalapala hoi, e holo pololei ana ma keʻano o nā'ōlelo, a me ka poe make.

Ka mea mua a me ke kapuai e systematize

I ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kālā o ka "Hale o ka naauao", a ma ka 'ōlelo makuahine i kapaia "Bayt AL-Hikma", he moʻolelo oiaio o AL-Ma'mun, ka mea, pololei olelo ana, a ua lanakila i ke kulanakauhale o Baghdad. Ma ka puʻuhonua o nāʻike,ʻo ia i hoʻolimalima i ka maikai loa ka noiʻi a me Mesopotamia unuhi i hana ma laila lā a me ka po. Lakou manamana lima i ka moʻolelo i kākau lima kahiko, i houluuluia e ka poe akeakamai a me mathematicians mai Inia, Greece, Italy a me Sepania. I kekahi manawa, e hele mai nā kāʻei 'ikamu i hana ia e ka barbaric kanaka o' Eulopa. Kā lākou hana mea e unuhi i kēia mau 'ike i loko o Apapika, a me a ka mea Makuakane brilliantly. A laila,ʻikeʻia Al-Mamun waihona i pihaʻi me kaʻike o nā lāhui kanaka o ka makaainana honua i ia manawa.

? Ac? O ka House o ka naauao

E like me ka mea huli mai, i ka loa pīhoihoi lālā o ka 'epekema ma ia manawa ua makemakika, a pau na ke kuleana, i kupu mai, mai ka mea i hahau - kilohōkū, metaphysics, kemika, etc., no ka mea, o ka House o ka naauao hana ma lalo o ka hooponopono ana o ka mea maikaʻi makemakika - .. Al-Khwarizmi, nana i kuhikuhi a poduchival a pau'ē aʻe connoisseurs . Mai ka hoʻomaka like ana nā kānakaʻepekema a pau, i ka waihona o ka moʻolelo i kākau lima i loko o Baghdad huli i loko o ka maoli noiʻi waena. Aia i loko hou nā papakuhikuhi, hou hanau nui like 'ole a me nā kinona. No ka wehe astronomers he wahi lihi iki o ka manawa ma hope o loaa ana kekahi lāhui kanaka i ka ike i hoohalikeia.

Ma ke kumu o ka mea e piʻi like o ¶ʻO'Arabaʻepekema i ua kūkuluʻia?

Kēlā me kēia codex, a haule iho la ia i loko o ka Hale o ka naauao, ua lilo i ke kumuhana o akahele study no ka Arabia. Ka mea,ʻano nui hilinaʻi ma ka hana o ia kaulana panina kākau like Diophantus o Alexandria, Aristotle, Euclid, Ptolemy, Hippocrates, Dioscorides, Galen a me na mea e ae. E piʻi like o ka mea mua ehaʻepekema poe akeakamai Ua 'ā ka ka Arabia e e he nui ua lele akula nō ma ka makemakika a me ka kilohōkū. Ka mea, Ua kūkuluʻia logarithms a me algebraic i ka ho omaulia'ōnaehana, kela geometric ke kaʻina hana a me nā papakuhikuhi no ka helu ana i ka like a me ka puke. No hoi, ia mea he ¶ʻO'Araba nä känaka 'epekema aie me kēia loaʻa like o ka Holomua - i ka makemakika a me ka geometric. I ka wā e hiki mai, ma muli o kaʻike a me ka hoao ana e paa ana iaʻaneʻi makemakika originated ma Europe, a mākou e hana. Like no ka mea hope kahiko sages ekolu, ka mea, ua nānā 'ana ma luna o nā kūʻiʻoa o ko lākou hou ¶ʻO'Araba lapaau? Ac?.

Aey? Acaeoey i loko o ke kula o ka kilohōkū

Waihona o ka moʻolelo i kākau lima i loko o Baghdad ua lilo no hoi lakou i ka hou pokole pele. Ke impetus no ka hoʻopaʻa 'ana i ano lani kahi e mea kahiko ike, a me ka Indian epekema, ka poe i waiho aku i ka kuhiakau i ka Honua i kona laua, a meridians. Ua mea i loko o ka suburb o Baghdad, ¶ʻO'Araba noiʻi hana ma luna o kēia mau Astronomical hana, i i ka hoao e ana i ka lōʻihi o ka piʻo o ka 1 degere Melekiana. I ka hanana i ka pomaikai, mai nā helu, ua pololei.

Ka make ana o ka Hale Ahaolelo o ka naauao

Mongol-Tatarʻauamo, a i wahi i loko o ke kenekulia 13th, mea i hookoe mai i kekahi a me Mesopotamia. I ka 1258, Feberuari 12, ka kūloko nui waihona o ka moʻolelo i kākau lima i ua loa luku e ka pūʻali koa ma lalo o ke alakaʻiʻana o Hulagu Khan. He nui o nā kānakaʻepekema i hana iʻaneʻi i make, o kekahi poe i lawe pio, kekahi e hoʻokele e pakele ai, e lawe pū ia i kekahi o ia mau moʻolelo i kākau lima i ka poe malaila. A pau i haule i loko o ka lima o ka puni koko Mongols, i ka wela a make aku la i loko o ka wai o ka muliwai Tigris. Aia ka he pähola 'ia kekahi mau kānakaʻepekema, ka mea e hoʻokele i pakele mai Baghdad i ka manawa, noho i loko o Kou, a i ua hiki e pili i ko lakou ike, a hāʻawi aku iā lākou i ka hou ke ola.