Hō'īpale mea, a me ko lakou Mea Maluna. Puluniu hō'īpale kumuhana

Kekahi mau mea i hoʻohana i ka uila nā mīkini home a me ka uila i puhi ai i dielectric waiwai, a laila i ke kiʻekiʻe ia'ku i kaʻikena. Kēia hiki apono 'ia e lawe i ka papa, a no laila, ka mea i hoʻohana' ia no ka ho okumu i ka'īpale o ola wahi. Hō'īpale kumuhana i papahana ole wale no ka hookaawale ana i ola loa, akā, no hoi no ka pili ana palekana mai hoʻopōʻino 'ole o ka pilaʻikena. No ka laʻana, me ka mana mau kaula o ka pou nā mīkini home uhi me ka'īpale.

Hō'īpale mea a me kā lākou palapala noi

Hō'īpale kumuhana e hoʻomano hoʻohana ma ka hana, Radio a me ka mea hana, ka pila laina maka ulu ana. Normal hana o ka uila mea hāpai mīkini a uila ola kaapuni pili kēia hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka dielectrics i hoʻohana. Kekahi o na mea kiko'î nā no ka uila'īpale, hoʻoholo kona mea e like ai me ka hiʻona.

Ka hoʻohana o'īpale lako aie i ka maluhia rula. I ka pono o ka'īpale o ke ki i ka palekana hana o ka pila nuiʻikena. Loa pilikia e hoʻohana nā mīkini home me ka pōʻino, ua make'īpale. ʻO kekahi mea uuku uilaʻikena hiki i ka hopena ma luna o ke kanaka kino.

dielectric waiwai

Hō'īpale mea pono i kekahi waiwai ma ka mea e hana kona oihana. Ka papa likeʻole ma waena o insulators mai conductors o ka nui ka leo resistivity (109-1020 ohm-knm). Ka uila conductivity o na conductors ma e like me ka dielectrics hookahi i loko o 15 mau manawa. O ke kumu ho i ka mea i inherently insulators i kekahi mau manawa uuku ma mua o ka noa Ion a me electrons, a iʻikena conductivity mea. Akā, i ka wa hahana mea ia lilo nui, ma laila e māhuahuaʻikena conductivity.

Hoomaopopoʻeleu a me ka OE dielectric waiwai. 'īpale loa nui OE waiwai. Ke dielectric a eia no ka mea e e like uuku me hiki. Ua apono ka insulator aʻole he hoʻonui i ka huakai kaapuni parasitic capacitance. No ka mea i ka hoʻohana 'ia e like me ka mea pihana dielectric, ka dielectric ikaika e ia, ma ka mea ku ole, a like ka nui me hiki.

hoʻokaʻawale 'ano

Ke kumu o kiko'î nā'īpale dielectric ikaika, kekahi uila ia'ku, hoahanau permittivity, dielectric poho ka makau. I ka loiloi 'pou waiwai o ka mea i lawe i ka mooolelo o ka kaukaʻi ana o kēia' ano ma na aiee o ka uilaʻikena a me ka anakahi uila.

Hō'īpale mea a me nā huahana i ka oi nui o ka uila ia'ku ma e like me na conductors a me semiconductors. Ua mea i nui no ke kumupaʻa o ka insulator ma ka paio hahana maoli nō kekahi mea, mahuahua ka anakahi uila a me nā loli.

Mea Maluna dielectric mea

Ke kaumaha ma muli o kaʻikena nona iho e kahe ana i loko o ke alakaʻi mele, hanaʻano o ka'īpale, a oko i loko o kā lākou mau uea '.

Ma ka mea kiko'î i mokuahana hō'īpale lako? Mea Maluna dielectrics nānā 'ana i kā lākou mau noho ana o ka aggregation (paa, wai a me ka gaseous) a me ka ho omaka (ke aloha: ma kona ano maoli, a kemikala,'okanikaʻole: ma kona ano maoli a me kaʻimi hoʻopunipuni). Ka loa e like me ka ano o ka paa dielectrics, i hiki ke ike ma kaʻaha o ka home o nā mīkini home 'ole kekahi' ē aʻe pou nā mīkini home.

Paa a me ka wai a dielectrics, ma ka huli, e māheleʻia i loko o subgroups. Paa dielectrics i varnished lole, laminates a me nāʻano likeʻole o Mika. Waxes, mea kāhinu, a liquefied kinoea i ke kinowai ai hō'īpale lako. Special gaseous dielectrics i hoʻohana loa emi pinepine ia. Kēiaʻano i hoakaka i ke ano maoli uila insulator - ea. Kona hoʻohana ua hoʻoponopono ole wale ma ka lewa ano e e ia he maikai insulator, akā, i kona ka hoʻokōʻana. Ka hoʻohana o ka lewa me ka'īpale aʻole i koi hou mea hoolilo.

paa dielectrics

Paa uila hō'īpale mea - ka widest papa o dielectrics, a i hoʻohana i loko o nā kula. Ka mea, i kekahi Nine Inch ka waiwai, a me ka waiwai io o ka dielectric ikaika papa koa, mai 1 a hiki i 50.000.

Paa dielectrics e māheleʻia i loko o 'ole-Polar, Polar a me ferroelectrics. Lākou mau papa likeʻole o ka polarization o na maomeka. Kēia papa, he'īpale ka waiwai e like me Nine Inch ia'ku, ole-ka hoʻokoloʻana, dendritostoykost. Nine ia'ku ua hoikeia ma ka hiki, e pale aku i ka aoao o keʻano pākīkē Media (ʻakika, mekala 'åkilikai, etc.). Tregingostoykost hoʻoholo paha ke ku imua o ka uila piʻo, a me dendritostoykost - i ke kahua o dendrites.

Paa dielectrics i hoʻohana 'ia ma kekahi mau kihapai o ka ikehu. No ka laʻana, ka pālolo hō'īpale pono loa mau hoʻohana like laina a me ka feedthrough insulators ma substations. E like me ka'īpale o ka pou nā mīkini home hoʻohana pepa, polymers, aniani puluniu. No ka pena loa mau hoʻohana machines a me ka manaʻo, pepa hui.

No ka hoʻohana 'ana i ka mea likeʻole pae'ōnaehana kūlana o ka hoʻokaʻawale haawi i kekahi kūikawā waiwai ma ka hoʻohuiʻia kekahi mau mea: wela ia'ku, ona mau ia'ku, pāhawewe ia'ku a me ke anu e kū'ē'ē mai. Heat-hoʻopale insulators hiki o withstanding mahana i ka 700 ° C, i kēia mau nā aniani a me ka mea ma luna o lākou kumu, organosility a me kekahi polymers. Tropicalized a me ona mau hoʻopale mea ka PTFE i mea 'ole-hygroscopic a me ka hydrophobic.

'īpale, hoʻopale i ka pāhawewe hoʻohana i ka manao maalea me ka'ātoma hehee wale. Ua nā'okanikaʻole Film, kekahi mauʻano o polymers, aniani puluniu a me nā mea ma muli o Mika. Hardy, noonoo iho la'īpale i hana ole mai ai i -90 ° C. lilo aku kona waiwai ma Mahana O Ke Kai Special olelo no ka'īpale manao no ka manao maalea ke hoʻohana i loko o ka makahiki a me ka holo. No kēia mau mea, hoʻohana holo-anuanu mau mea, i loaʻa kūikawā pālolo.

wai dielectrics

Wai uila hō'īpale lako mea pinepine ia ma ka pou machines a me ka hoʻomākaukauʻia. o ka mea hoʻololi uila aila i ke kūlana hoʻokani ma ka'īpale. K dielectric loli i nā liquefied kinoea, unsaturated vaseline a me paraffin aila, organopolysiloxanes, i puhi ia i ka wai (huikala mai paʻakai a me impurities).

I ka papa kuhikuhiE ano o ka wai a dielectrics i dielectric a eia i, dielectric ka ikaika a me ka uila conductivity. Nō hoʻi, i ka pou kiko'î o ka dielectric Ua pili kēia kalele iho ma ke degere o ka huikala. Paa impurities ke hoonui i ka pou conductivity o fluids aie i ka hoʻonuiʻana o ka noa Ion a me electrons. Huikala ana o ke kinowai ma distillation, ion mail etc. Ua hiki aku i ka hua ma ka nui o ka uila ikaika o ka mea, ma laila hoemi kona conductivity.

Wai dielectrics e māheleʻia i loko oʻekolu pūʻulu.

• ʻaila kā mea kāhinu,;
• nō mea kāhinu,;
• kemikala fluids.

Ka loa mau hoʻohanaʻaila kā mea kāhinu, e like me ka mea hoʻololi uila, uwea a me ka mea pihana. Kemikala wai (organosilicon a organofluorine i huiʻia) mea i hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ka mea kani hana. No ka laʻana, anu-hoʻopale a me ka mea pīlali i huiʻia i hygroscopic, no laila, hoʻohana me ka insulator ma ka liʻiliʻi transformers, akā, uaʻoi kona kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ke kumu kuai o kaʻaila kā mea kāhinu, ko lakou mau koina.

Nō mea kāhinu, mea i hoʻohana like hō'īpale mea ma ka uila'īpale enehana. O nā o Diosekouro ka, linseed, hemp, a me tung aila. Mau weakly Polar mea i dielectrics a me ka meaʻano nui hoʻohana no ka impregnation o ka pepa capacitors, a me Auana-ho okumu i waiwai i loko o pou varnishes, pena, enamels.

gaseous dielectrics

Ka loa, he pono ole gaseous dielectrics i ka ea ole, naikokene, hydrogen, a me ka luaipele hexafluoride. Hō'īpale kinoea i māheleʻia i loko o maoli a me kaʻimi hoʻopunipuni. Na maoli ea pili, a ua hoʻohana i'īpale ma waena o ola mau māhele o ka mana laina a me ka pila hi. E like me ka lewa isolator he drawbacks i e ka mea hiki ole i ka hana i loko o hermetically hōʻailonaʻia na manao ona. Aie i ke alo o ke kiʻekiʻe lehulehu o ka lewa i oxygen mea he oxidant, a ua hoike mai ia ma inhomogeneous kula o ka haʻahaʻa uila ikaika o ka lewa.

Ma ka mana transformers a me kiʻekiʻe anakahi uila uwea i hoʻohana like'īpale naikokene. Hydrogen okoa uila hō'īpale mea no hoi ho ka mea, hoʻoikaika ihola ka huʻihuʻiʻana, no laila, pinepine hoʻohana i loko o ka pila machines. Ua hōʻailonaʻia naehana loa mau hoʻohana luaipele hexafluoride. Piha me ke kinoea i e ka mea intrinsically palekana. Ua Ua hoʻohana 'ia i loko o kiʻekiʻe anakahi uila kaapuni nalu i ke aloha a hiki i ka piʻo suppression waiwai.

ke aloha dielectrics

ʻO ke aloha hō'īpale lako e māheleʻia i loko o maoli a me ka kemikala. Natural ke aloha dielectrics i kēia manawa kākaʻikahi ia, no laila, hou a me ka oi hoʻonui? Iecaianoaaiiie o kemikala, hiki hoemi lākou kāki.

Na maoli ke aloha dielectrics nā kelulose, laholio, paraffin, nō aila (o Diosekouro ka aila). Ka hapa nui o ka kemikala ke aloha dielectrics i kekahi mau lula a me nā elastomers mau hoʻohana 'ia i loko o uila hale nā mīkini home a me nā lako a pan.

'okanikaʻole dielectrics

Ke'okanikaʻole hō'īpale mau kumuhana e māheleʻia i loko o maoli a me kaʻimi hoʻopunipuni. Ka loa, he pono ole o maoli mea o Mika i loaʻa Nine Inch a me thermal kumupaʻa. Ua ua i hoʻohana no ka'īpale phlogopite a me ka muscovite.

Ma kaʻimi hoʻopunipuni'okanikaʻole dielectrics nā aniani ma muli mau mea, e like me ka pono me porcelain a me ka pālolo. Ke kaumaha ma muli o ka palapala noi, i kaʻimi hoʻopunipuni dielectric ke haawi aku kuikawa waiwai. No ka laʻana, i bushings hoʻohana feldspar pālolo, a i ke kiʻekiʻe dielectric lilo tangent.

Puluniu hō'īpale kumuhana

pinepine i ka fibrous mea i hoʻohana no ka'īpale ma ka pou apparatuses a me machines. O nā mea kanu lako (laholio, kelulose, lole), kemikala lole (nylon, nylon), a me ka polystyrene kumuhana, polyamide, etc.

ʻO ke aloha fibrous mea i nui hygroscopic, nolaila, kākaʻikahi hoʻohana 'ole kekahi hana impregnation.

Nei, ma kahi o ka ke aloha mea i hoʻohana kemikala puluniu'īpale, a i ke kiʻekiʻe nui o ka wela e kū'ē'ē mai. Mau nā aniani olona, a me ka asbestos. Aniani puluniu impregnated me nā varnishes a me kēpau e hōʻoi 'kona hydrophobic waiwai. Asbestos puluniu mea haʻahaʻa ikaika mechanically, no laila, pinepine ka mea, ua hou pulupulu puluniu.