I ka haku mele 'ana o ke kanaka koko a me ka papa koko

Kēia theme, e like me ka koko a me ke koko hana, maopopo hewaʻiʻo noonoo ana e like me kekahi o nā kumu hōʻike i ka piha ana o ka holoʻokoʻa kanaka kino. Maopopo i ka nui o ke koko pele mea nui no ka mea, o kona nui hopena ma luna o nā mea a pau o ke kī keʻano o ka hanaʻana i loko o ke kino.

He aha ka ke koko

Ma ke koko o ka wai, e ike i ka maloko 'ia, a' oi aku ka ikaika kī biochemical a me ka physiological kiko'î, oiai ka paepaeʻana humoral loulou ma waena o nā kino. Ma o ke koko, kona haku mele 'ana a me ka oihana, ia mea pono e maopopo i ka pā o ke kumu o hua'ōlelo elua:

-ʻike ākea koko (ka mea, he o ka wai koko);

- ho okumu i hehee (aia i loko o ke koko ma ka wehe).

Koko hiki e hoakakaia no hoi me ke kino o ka'aʻaʻa, wehewehe aku ma kekahi mau hiʻona: kona constituent māhele i okoa kêia kanaka, keia kino loli ua ma mau noi, e hana i nā kumu a pau o ke koko a me ka luku mawaho o ke koko.

Ma lalo o ka theme like: "i ke koko'ōnaehana, ka haku mele 'ana a me ka mana" ia mea waiwai' ana i kumumanaʻo ia a hiki i keia nenoaiu nā hematopoietic nā loko, a kroverazrusheniya (akepaa, iwi ka lolo, lymph aka wahi, spleen), a me kaʻike ākea koko.

koko haku mele 'ana

Loa ke koko hapa - 60% - o ka wai koko, a me ka 40 wale% piha me na nā kumumea like erythrocytes, leukocytes a me platelets. H ÷ manoanoa wai (wai koko) kekahi mau waiwai i mea nui no ka poe e ola ana meaola. Ka mea, neʻe ma luna o nā'aʻaʻa a me nā loko, hoolako i ka makemake Nine Inch naoh, a me ka piha aayoaeuiinoe o ka holoʻokoʻa ko mākou hopohopo nenoaiu. Hua mai ma glands o na secretion o hormones komo i loko o ka wai koko, a laila palahalaha ae ma ke kino koko. Nā mea'aʻaʻa - nā'ūhū e hoomalu iho i ke kino e ku e acee? Iuo oeiia o ka olelo hooweliweli - i na i loko o ka wai koko.

erythrocytes

E noonoo pono i ka 'ole a me ka walaʻauʻana oihana o ke koko, ka mea, he pono nō ia e lohe i ka ula koko keena. He ula koko keena, a hooholo i ke kala like 'ole o ke koko. Ma kona 'ole, ka ula koko aeea ka mea i like loa me ka lahilahi huahuakai, i ka ili o ka i mea hemoglobin. Ma awelika, kēlā hiki ke hali ana i 267 erythrocyte hemoglobin millionov (particles) "ke ale wale iho" i ka i carbon dioxide a me ka oxygen ma komo ia i loko o ke Aloha.

Hele hohonu i loko o ke kumuhana: " 'ole a me ka hana ana o ke koko:ʻulaʻula keena," ka mea e e hoʻomaopopo i ka (particles) ke tolerate he nui nui o ka hemoglobin aie i ka nukelea-noa' ole. Me ka pili ana i ka nui o ka erythrocyte, a laila ka mea, hiki 8 micrometres ka lōʻihi, a 3 micrometers ma ka laula. I ka helu o ka ulaula koko keena me exaggeration, alahula: kela lua i loko o ka iwi lolo ua hana hou ma mua o 2 miliona o kēia mau (particles), kā lākou mau huina nuipa i loko o ke kino o ma kahi o 26 trillion.

leukocytes

Mau kumu 'ē aʻe nui eiiiiiaiou o ke koko. White koko aeee i kapa keʻokeʻo koko keena, a i e kekahi nui. Ka mea, e kokoke mai ka hewa palapala. No ka mea, keʻokeʻo koko keena - he huna me ka Kora naʻEsau, e hiki ke neʻe kū kaʻawale akula lākou. Ka mea, ua oi aku ka liʻulaʻula koko keena, keʻokeʻo koko keena akā, e 'Imi komo i loko o ke kino o ka aiiay oihana ma luna o nā mea palahēhē. Koko haku mele 'ana a me ka hana ana o ke koko hiki ole e piha me ke keʻokeʻo koko keena.

Leukocytes loaa kūikawā nā'ūhū mea i hiki i ka nakinaki a hoopili decomposition huahana a me na haole kumuʻiʻo waiwai, a me ka hoʻokemu nā palapala microorganisms. Eia hou, o kekahi ano o ka leucocytes hiki paka i ka lāʻau lapaʻau kino - kumuʻiʻo (particles) me kekahi o ka mea nui mana: hoʻolilo i kekahi haole meaola loaa i loko o ke koko, mucous membranes a me nā nā'aʻaʻa a me nā loko.

platelets

Mau platelets e neʻe i kokoke koke i ka moku pa. Lākou ka papa kuhikuhi hana - vascular loaa ma ka hihia o ke poho. Inā 'oe ke hoʻohana' inikua terminology, ua hiki ke olelo aku i na platelets i 'Imi' ole i loko o ka hoʻolako 'hemostasis (koko clotting). Per cubic millimeter o ka awelika o ka ma 500 tausani. Kēia (particles). Platelets noho ma luna o emi i koe koko oihana mua - mai ka 4 a hiki i 7 lā.

Ka mea, neʻe aku o ka 'elele me ke koko, a hookoe iho wale i loko o ia mau wahi, kahi i ke kahe o ke koko ke hele i loko o ka noho malie ana (spleen, akepaa, subcutaneous'aʻaʻa). I ka manawa o ka ho'ā hope o platelets i ka spherical kinona, kahi i hanaʻia pseudopodia (kūikawā outgrowths). Ua mea ma kēia mau kumu mua pseudopodia koko, ua hiki ke ai pili aku me kekahi i kekahi, a paa i ka wahi poino ipu pa.

Koko haku mele 'ana a me ka hana ana o ke koko e ke noonoo wale ma ke kumu o ka hana ana o platelets.

lymphocytes

Kēia kau pili i ka poe liilii, mononuclear keena. Lymphocytes i loko o ka hapanui i ka nui i ke 10 microns. Nā nuclei o kēia mau keena e kokoke mai a me ka anuanu cytoplasm a ninoieo ec ie mānoanoa, a ua 'ia nā pōpō bluish waihoʻoluʻu. A superficial like o ka mea hiki ke ike ia a pau aeee i ka ia palapala. 'Aʻole i kēia hoʻololi i na kēia mea - ka mea, oko i loko o ka waiwai o ka halepaahaoʻili lahilahi a me kona hana.

Ka poe mononuclear koko oihana mua e maheleia i ekolu papa kuhikuhiE waeʻano: 0-keena, B-aeee a me T-keena. Ka papa lymphocyte mea e malama i precursors o aeee i kuahene lāʻau lapaʻau kino. I huli ai oe, o ka T-keena hoolako i ka hou 'ana o B leukocytes. It E e hoʻomaopopo i ka T-aeee - he mau 'pūʻulu o ka'ōnaehana paleʻea'ōnaehana keena, i hanaʻia kekahi mau mea nui i hana'. No ka laʻana, kā lākou komo mea he kaʻina hana o ka synthesizing macrophage ho'ā hope kumumea, a me ka ulu kumumea, interferons, e like me B keena. Hiki e noho kaʻawale, a inductor T aeee i komo 'ana i loko o ka stimulation o ka lāʻau lapaʻau kino ho okumu. Ma ke kumu hoohalike o ke kanawai o kekahi waeʻano o lymphocytes maopopo hōʻike i ka pilina o ka haku mele 'ana a me ka hana ana o ke koko.

Like no ka 0-keena, nō ka mea, me ka nui loa okoa mai na mea e ae, no ka mea, i oleʻili kai antigens. Kekahi o kēia mau keena koko hana me "maoli kai" ma ka luku mau keena i i ka 'ole o ka cancerous ole iho mailoko o ia e kekahi mea hoʻomaʻi.

koko wai koko

I ka haku mele 'ana o ka wai (90-90%) a me ke koko wai koko komo puaʻa hiwa :. nā polokina, bipi kūpaluʻia, monakō koko, likeʻole paʻakai, metabolites, nā wikamina, hormones, etc. One o ke ki waiwai o ka wai koko osmotic puʻe. Nō hoʻi, i ka wai koko hāpai māhuaola, koko keena a me metabolic huahana. Ma o ka 'ole a me ka hana ana o ke koko wai koko, ka mea hiki ke ike i ka mea lawelawe 'ana me ka loulou ma waena o nā fluids i mea mawaho o na ipu koko.

Wai koko mea paʻa ma ka hui 'ana me nā puʻupaʻa, ake, a me nā loko, ma ia malama ana homeostasis - kūpaʻa o ka maloko kaiapuni.

Physico-Nine Inch waiwai o ke koko

Këia i ke kumuhana e like me haku mele 'ana, ka waiwai a me ka oihana o ke koko, ia mea e pono nō ia e lohe i kekahi mau mea. I ke koko ka leo i ka makua kānaka ma ka awelika like ia 6-8% o kona kino kaumaha. I na kanaka, keia huahelu hiki 5-6 nā lika, na wahine - mai ka 4 a hiki i 5. He ka huina o ke koko i kēlā lā hele ma ka naau o kekahi tausani manawa .. He waiwai ka ike ana i ke koko, aole ia e hoʻopiha i ka vascular'ōnaehana loa, he nui no ka mea, noho noa. I ka pa apŘ o ke koko hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka helu ana o erythrocytes a me ia mea ma kahi o 1,050-1,060 g. / Knm ^3. Ke (viscosity) kīnā 5 ākeʻakeʻa kumu 'iniha, kapuaʻi.

Kaʻeleu naoh o ke koko, kena ae la ka lākiō o ka hydroxyl a me ka hydrogen Ion. Ua Ho'ākāka 'ka ha awina o ka pH, e like me ka pH (hydrogen ion lehulehu). Loli i loko o ke koko pH, ma i ke kino ke hana loli aʻe i loko o ka laulā 7.0-7.8. Ināʻeleu koko naoh ua 'oni iki a hiki i kaʻaoʻaoʻakika, e like me ka moku'āina i ke hoakakaia like acidosis. Kona ulu mea ku pono i hoonuiia pae o ka hydrogen Ion. Inā ka naoh ua 'oni iki a hiki i kaʻaoʻao'ākilikai, ka mea i pono, e kamaʻilio e pili ana i alkalosis. He loli ka pH o kekahi no o ka hoemi i ka lehulehu o ka hydrogen Ion, a me ka mahuahua o ka lehulehu o ka hydroxyl Ion OH.

Amo hana o ke koko

'O kēia kekahi o na ki hana hoʻokōʻia ke koko. Ma ke kaʻina hana o transporting ka okoa hehee wale ke loaʻa i nā kēia mau hana:

- trophic-hoolilo i nā māhele o ke kino o ka māhuaola, kumumea oihana mua a me nā wikamina;

- hoʻokonukonu: i ka halihali ana o hormones a me nā waiwai e komo i ke kino o humoral hooponopono kahua;

- naehana: naehana kinoea amo O2 a me CO2, mai ka ia maʻiʻaʻai a hiki i na nā'aʻaʻa, a ma ka mea ku pono kuhikuhi;

- thermoregulatory: wehe oi aku ka wela mai o ka lolo, a na nā loko i kaʻili;

- excretory: metabolic huahana i kaʻi aku ai i na nā loko o ka excretion.

hemostasis

Ke ae pā o ka papa ho'ēmi i kā i ka kēia kaʻina: ma ka hihia o ka meakino a me ke olonā i poino o ka moku koko (a me ka notch ka wā'uī'aʻaʻa) a me ka hanana o mawaho a kūloko ma kahe ana ke koko ma ka situ luku ana o ka moku ua i hana koko clot. Ua i aku la ia i ua ālai 'nui ke koko me keia poho. Ma lalo o ka aoao o redundant nā aʻalolo impulses a me Nine Inch lumen o ka moku ua hoemiia. Inā ka mea, pela ka hana ana i ka endothelial naʻau o ka moku koko i ua poino malalo o ka endothelium ua hooleiiaʻi mawaho collagen. Ua koke pili ana i na platelets, a kūhōhō i loko o ke koko.

Homeostatic a me ka aiiay oihana

Ma o ke koko, kona haku mele 'ana a me ka hana, e lohe i ka kaʻina hana o ka homeostasis. Ua hoemiia ka pā like o ka mea e malama i ka wai-paakai kaulike a me ka ion (i no ia mau hopena o osmotic puʻe), a me ka malama ana i ka pH o ka maloko kaiapuni.

Me ka pili ana i ka aiiay hana, kona Mānoa, he wahi e hoʻopale ai i ka meaola ma ka'ōnaehana paleʻea nā mea'aʻaʻa, phagocytic haʻawina o leukocytes a me antibacterial waiwai.

koko'ōnaehana

Ma ka circulatory'ōnaehana nā naʻau a me ke koko na moku: i ke koko a me ka lymph. Ke ki hana ana o ke koko'ōnaehana - ka 'āwīwī a me ka piha lako hou i ka nā loko a me nā'aʻaʻa o nā mea a pau i ka mea hehee wale no ke ola. holo ana o ke koko ma vascular'ōnaehana ua hoakaka ia ma ka naau pumping ha awina. Delving i loko o ke kumuhana: "Ka waiwai o ka haku mele 'ana a me ka hana ana o ke koko" Ua pono, e hoakaka i ka mea ana i ke koko ma kahi e iho kolo ana noke ma na moku, a ua hiki no ke kākoʻo nui a pau e pōʻino oihana, i i kūkākūkā ma luna (amo, hoomalu, a pela aku ..) nolaila.

A kī kino i loko o ke koko'ōnaehana o ka naau. Ua loaʻa ka 'ole o ka puha muscular hui, a ma ka vertical paa paia ua maheleia i haʻalele a me ka pololei halves. Aia o kekahi paku - ka papamoe. ua hoemi ai i ua keena la maluna (atria) o ka naau i ka mahele kona hana ma ka 2 a me 2 ma lalo (ventricles).

Ma o ka 'ole a me ka hana ana o kanaka koko, e mea pono e maopopo i ka rula o ka holo koʻikoʻi a hanohano. Ma ke koko'ōnaehana, ma laila nō nā kalepa ae la lakou a puni, a me ka nui meaʻuʻuku. Kēia 'o ia hoʻi i ke koko i loko o ke kino e neʻe aku i loko o nā paʻa ipu nenoai mea e pili ana i ka naau.

E like me ka wahi ho omaka o ka hoa kanaka nui ku aorta e holo ana mai ka ventricle hema. I ka mea, e haawi ala i ka meaʻuʻuku, a me ka meakino nui arteries. Ka mea, (arteries), ma ka huli, lālā i loko o arterioles, capillaries pau. 'Ana i ka capillaries lakou iho i hana i ka nui ulana pukapuka, i permeates a pau nā'aʻaʻa a me nā loko. Ua ua i loko o kēia mea ulana pukapuka ia lŘlŘ hoike mahuaola a me ka oxygen ma ia keena, e like me ke kaʻina hana o ka hana metabolic huahana (ke kalapona'okikene lua i pono).

Mai ka haʻahaʻa o ke kumu koko komo i ka emi vena cava, mai ka luna, niioaaonoaaiii, i loko o ka luna. Kēia mau vena cava a me ka piha systemic holo, noho i loko o ka atrium akau.

Ua haawiia i ke pulmonary holo, e pono ke kūʻai 'ana i kumumanaʻo anaʻo ia i hoʻomaka ai ka pulmonary kumu, e holo ana mai ka ventricle akau a hiki i ka ia maʻiʻaʻai a me ka hali ana venous koko. Sam pulmonary kumu i hookaawale ai i loko o kona mau lala elua e hele ana i ka akau a me ka haʻalele akemāmā. Ke pulmonary arteries e māheleʻia i loko o liʻiliʻi arterioles a me capillaries, venules hele a laila ho okumu i aa koko. A ki hakaka o ka pulmonary holo mea e hōʻoia 'e noho kinoea haku mele' ana i loko o ka ia maʻiʻaʻai.

Këia i ka haku mele 'ana o ke koko a me ke koko papa, ia mea maʻalahi ke manao nei makou, he mea nui no ka'aʻaʻa, a na nā loko. No laila, ma ka hihia o ka mea koko poho a hihia hoʻi ke koko pele aia no he maoli hoʻoweliweli 'i kanaka ola.