I ka makahiki a me ke kumu i hele mai ai ka International Day against Corruption.

Ua hana mau ka Society i ka palaho ma nā'ano'elua. Akā, mai ka hopena o ke kenekulia 18, ua loli maoli nā mea a pau. I ka papa kuhikuhiE slogan o ka lokomaikaʻi nā mea hoʻololi i loko o ke Komohana i ka mea i ka moku'āina i hoʻomākaukauʻia ke ola ana wale no ka pomaikai o na kanaka malalo ona. No laila, "e hānai" nā aupuni i ke aupuni no ka ho'okō'ana i nā luna me nā kānāwai. Eia hou, e like me ke kānāwai'Amelika i lawe'ia i ka makahiki 1787,'o ka lawe'ana i ka uku kīwila ka hewa nui e hiki ai i ka pelekikena ke ho'opau'ia. Ua kāheaʻia nui nā kanaka i ko lakou makemake e e manawa o ka hookamaia o kēia kānāwai, i ka lā o ka World Day o ke kaua ana i ka palaho , a, e hana ia ma ka makahiki manawa. Akā,'a'ole i kāko'o ke aupuni i kēia mana'o nui.

Ua ho'onui ka lehulehu i ka maika'i o nā hana a nā 'ālai'āina. Me ka puakai o ke aupuni hooponopono a me ka poe nui e hopohopo nei, he na Episode o collusion elele o ka nui pāʻoihana a me ka waiwai kālai'āina. Ua maopopo i nā luna he mea pono e ho'onohonoho i nā hana e kū'ē i ka hana'ino. Akā, ua waiho'ia kēia mau mea a pau ma ke'ano o ka kūkā.

'O ka mō'aukala o ka palaho, ua ho'opili'ia nō ho'i e ka ulu hou'ana o nā pili waiwai pili honua. Multinationals komo i loko o aelike me ka haole nā kānaka kūʻai mai, ia mea loio, e hookomo i ka koina o ka "makana" i loko o nā koina o ke kūkā 'ana.

Nā hihia i'ike'ia

Ma mua o ka hiki'ana mai o ka International Day against Corruption, ua ho'ohaunaele ka mea hō'eha ma'Amelika me ke komo'ana o ka hui kaulana'o Lockheed. No ke kū'ai'ana i kā lākou mau papa,'a'ole he ki'eki'e loa, ua hā'awi nui aku i nā makana i nā luna a me nā mea kālepa o Iapana, ka FRG a me nā'āina'ē a'e. Mai ia manawa mai, ho'omaka ka po'e e no'ono'o e pili ana i ke ao holo'oko'a o kēia pilikia, ka mea e keakea ana i ka ulu'ana o nā pilina o nā kaiaulu.

'A'ole no ka hō'ailona kūpono o ka hewa i nā aupuni post-socialist i ka hala'ana o nā makahiki 1990, ke hiki ke ho'ohālikelike'ia ke kikowaena o kēia hi'ohi'ona me ke kūlana o nā'āina ulu.

Loa pinepine, aia no he paradoxical kulana home 'ole i ka wa a na ia kanaka e paa ana ia nui keia oihana i loko o ka kalepa a me ka lehulehu nāʻoihana. 'O ka hopena,'o ka hapa nui o nā limahana i uhaki i ke kānāwai'a'ole wale ma ka loa'a'ana o ka hō'ailona, akā, ma o ka pale'ana i kā lākou mau hana pono'ī.

'O ka hewa honua

Over manawa, ke ao kaiaulu i hiki mai ai i ka hopena i ka palaho - ia mea hewa, ka hoʻopōʻino ole i kekahi kanaka, pae ana o na kanaka a me ka hookaawale ana, a puni ka honua. 'A'ole kēia mana'o i ho'ohālikelike'ia. 'O ke kumu holo'oko'a, he hō'ailona nui ia e nā hui o nā luna ko'iko'i ma waho. Palaho i hampered ulu ma na aina, he kūlana ka heluna i ka global kalepa. Ma ka manawa like,'a'ole i ho'okomo'ia nā pae'āina i kahi ki'eki'e loa o ka pae honua i ka honua'ekolu: i nā makahiki 1990, i nā'āina socialist mua, ua hele pū ka papa o ka liberalization me ka hana hewa'ole. Ma muli o ka hopena o kēia mau hanana, ua ho'oholo kekahi mau'a'a e pale i ka hewa a me ka palaho ka mea nui o kā lākou kulekele aupuni. Hele mākou.

"1995 ka makahiki o ka palaho"

'O kēia po'okela i heluhelu'ia ma ka'ao'ao nui e ka po'e heluhelu o ka puke hou o ka nūpepa Financial Times. Ma ka'atikala, ua ho'opi'i nā mea ho'okele'āina'Amelika e nalowale ana i nā'aelike nui no nā kānāwai'ē e pāpā ana i ka hā'awi'ana i nā luna mai ka'āina'ē aku. Akā, ma ka nui o ka'ōlelo OSCE,'a'ole i pāpā'ia nā makana i nā haole'ē a'e a hiki ke ho'oku'u'ia i ka uku'ana i ka'auhau. Eia kekahi la'ana, ua lilo nā hui o Kelepa i kahi $ 5.5 piliona ma kēlā me kēia makahiki. No ka ho'ololi'ana i kēia kūlana, makemake kekahi mau luna o'Elepa e ho'onohonoho i kahi kālā no ka hakakā i ka hana'ino. Akā i ka hopena, ua hō'ea lākou i kahi pane'ē a'e. I ka hopena o ka makahiki 1997, ua ho'okau'ia nā kānāwai a pau o ka OSCE i ka "Convention on the Prevention of Bribery of Bribes to Foreigners in International Operations".

Ka hui'ana i ka UN

I ka makahiki 2003, ua ho'okumu'ia kahi hanana nui i ka mo'olelo o ka palaho. Mahalo i ka UN, ke kumu o ka hakakā'ana i kēia'ike i lawe'ia i ka pae honua. I ka malama'o Novemaba, ua ho'okō ka General Assembly i ka "UN UN Convention against Corruption". Ua wehe'ia kēia palapala no ka hō'ailona ma ka lā 9 o Kekemapa 2003 ma ke kūlanakauhale li'ili'i o Merida (Mexico). Ma ka ho'oholo o ka UN, ua kūkala'ia ka lā'o ka International Day Against Corruption. 'O nā'elina i'aelike e kākau i kēia Kānāwai ua'ike'o ia i ke kālā kala kālā, ka'aihue i nā kālā ho'olālā a me nā mea hō'ai'ē, he mau mea hewa. A ua heluhelu kekahi o na olelo o ka palapala: "E hoihoi ia aku na dala i ka aina i hele mai ai lakou mamuli o ka palaho." Ua kākau'o Rusia i ka Hui Kūkākūkā o kekahi o nā mea mua loa.

He'umi mau makahiki ma hope

'O Dekemaba 9, 2013'o ia ka International Day Against Corruption e hiki mai ana, a he mau makahiki he'umi ma hope mai o ka ho'okomo'ia'ana o ka UN Convention. I kēia manawa, aia ma lalo o ka palapala he mau inoa o 140 mau ka'ina. Ua ho'oku'u'ia e 80 mau'Aina'āina. Aia ma waena o lākou'o Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Rusia, Latvia, Kyrgyzstan, Belarus, Azerbaijan a me Ukraine. I ke kū'ana o ka G20 i kēlā manawa,'o nā'āina a pau i komo i loko o ia mea i'ōlelo'ia e ho'okō pono lākou i ka UN Convention.

Ka Hopena

I ka makahiki 2013, ma mua o ka International Day Against Corruption, ua hō'ike ka World Bank i nā'ike kālā e hō'ike ana i ka nui o kēia hanana ma ka honua holo'oko'a. No nā'āina e ulu ana, ua like ke kālā mai 20 a 40 mau pilina kālā i kēlā me kēia makahiki.

Wahi a ka Committee National Anti-Corruption Committee,'o ka ho'ololi makahiki o ka māka'i hewa Lūkini e pili ana i $ 300 piliona. I ka makahiki 2003, ma ka manawa o ka ho'okomo'ana i ka'aha Kūkākūkā, ua hō'emi'ia kēia heluna he 100 mau emi. 'O ia,'o ka puka o ka hopena o kēia palapala e pili ana i ka holo'ana o nā kālā kūpono e mau ana ka wehe. A he mea hiki'ole paha ke kōkua kekahi mau mea hou ma'ane'i. Inā paha mākou e ho'okumu i kahi kālā kālā o ka honua e hakakā i ka hana'ino, e like paha ka hopena.