Ka hope loa lolo: 'ole a me ka ho'āʻo

Nui (hope) o ka lolo i loko o ka papa o ka evolutionʻikeʻia ma hope ma mua o ka mea 'ē aʻe Oihana. Kona nui a me ke kaumaha me ka nui loa aku ma mua o nā Hoʻohana. Ka pepa e e imua i kona Hawaii photo. Ke kanaka lolo ua pili i ka loa luna 'hoikeana o ka' imi naʻauao a me ka noʻonoʻo aayoaeuiinoe. Kino i keʻano luna '' ole. Next, noonoo i ka 'ole o ka lolo a me kona hope Pahuhopu.

'ole

I ka haku mele 'ana o ka hōʻike' ana no 'Oihana kikowaena mau nui Hoʻohana. forebrain hemisphere i pili i kekahi i kekahi ma ke kino callosum. Ma waena o kēia mau Hoʻohana i ho'āʻo adhesions: e pio mai, e kūkulu a me ka alo. E noonoo pono i ka 'ole o ka hopena-lolo,ʻoe e hoʻolohe i ka lua ma keia Oihana. Ka mea, nāna i hana i ka kīloi paʻewa ventricles: haʻalele a me ka pono. Kēlā me kēia no ia o Nyos i loko o ka AYEIE Hoʻohana. Kekahi o ka ventricular paia i hana ka aniani moakaka paku.

Hoʻohana

Hemisphere uhi ka luna pńpa. Kēia oho mea, ahu iho, a ua hanaʻia ma neurons 50? Ueo. Ma lalo o ka pńpa kuni ihola ia i keʻokeʻo paa. Ua ninoieo o myelinated olona. Ka hapa nui o ia hoʻohuiʻia ka cortex me nā lolo-oaio? A, a oihana. Ma ka keʻokeʻo mea, aia nō he mau huhui o poʻohina - ka basal ganglia. Ma na hemispheres o ka lolo kumu, a me ka thalamus xi. E delimit Hoʻohana o ka thalamus waena, ahu iho o keʻokeʻo mea kāleka kapa maloko mea hōʻikeʻikeʻuʻuku. Hemispheric hookaawale i kekahi i kekahi ma ka lonikū oä. Ma kēlā me kēia Hoʻohana, he ekolu ili honua - ka lalo, kīloi paʻewa a me ka medial - a me na lua penei: kino, occipital a me ka frontal.

Aahu ili hehee ai

Ma kēlā me kēia Hoʻohana, keia hapa o ka lolo ua puunaueia i hapa iki ma ka hohonu māwae pōhaku, a me nā kōā. N pili i ka mālama kahua o ke kino. Ka mea i hanaʻia i loko o ka embryonic ke kahua (elima mahina). Ua nui loa nā lonikū kau (i kaʻana like Hoʻohana) a me ka transverse (hoʻokaʻawale i ka cerebellum mai ka occipital lobe). Secondary, a oi loa aku hoi - tertiary hoʻonaʻauao ua nānā 'ia e na Hoʻohana kanaka o ke kokua ia (ʻo ia hiki ke ike i loko o ka Hawaii photo). Ke kanaka lolo ua ulu,ʻaʻole wale nō i loko o ka prenatal wā. No ka laʻana, e hana i ke kiʻekiʻe a me ka tertiary Groove i 7-8 makahiki ma hope o ka hanau ana. Ke kokua, i ka mea i ke kaula hope loa, o ka wahi o ka mea paʻa a me ka hale nui gyri loa kanaka, ua like. Kēlā me kēia Hoʻohana ua kaʻawale ma eono māhele: ka limbic, insula, ke kino, occipital, parietal a me ka frontal.

kīloi paʻewa ili

Telencephalon i loko o kēia wahi nā rolandovu (Central) auwaha. Me ka mea maheleia ka parietal a me frontal lobes. No hoi i hiki mai ma luna o ka ili o Sylvius (kīloi paʻewa) auwaha. Ma kona parietal a me ka frontal lobes i kaawale mai ke kino. Like anteroinferior mokuna occipital māhele lawelawe 'ana i ka mana laina. Ua kŰlń ao mai ka luna kae o ka parietal-occipital sulcus. Ka laina Ua kuhikuhi a hiki i ka pau ana malalo o ka hemisphere. Island (insula) uhi wahi o ke kino, a me ka parietal frontal wahi. , Ae waiho nei ma ke kīloi paʻewa Groove (he hohonu). Next i ke kino callosum ma kaʻaoʻao medial o ka limbic kaʻana like 'ana ua ke aupuni'. Ua Ua kaawale mai nā wahi ma ke kāʻei Groove.

Lolo: Anatomia. frontal lobe

Ua loaʻa i ke kēia hehee wale:

• Prednetsentralnaya hewa elua. ʻO ia ka inoa gyrus ke aupuni 'ma waena o ka mea a Central ka recess.
• Frontal sulcus (luna, a ma lalo). Ka mua maheleia i ekolu cii: ka Astronomical (orbital), triangular (triangular) opercular (pokryshkovuyu). Ma waena o nā Groove moe frontal gyrus: luna, lalo a me ka waena.
• Papamoe mamua hewa elua, a me ka pii aku lala.
• Medial frontal gyrus. Ua Ua kaawale mai ka limbic cingulate sulcus.
• Kuka cingulate.
• Ke orbital a olfactory sulcus. Ka mea, i aia ma kaʻaoʻao lalo i loko o ka frontal lobe. Ma ka olfactory sulcus moe i ka ia inoa hehee wale: o ka u kukui, ka triangle, a me ka'āpana.
• Direct gyrus. Ua hele ma waena o ka medial hope o ka hemisphere, a me ka olfactory sulcus.

Anterior pepeiaohao o ke kīloi paʻewa ventricle hoʻopili like i ka frontal lobe.

Hana cortical mau

Noonoo pono i ka hope lolo 'ole a me ka oihana o keia kino, ia mea pono e elaborate ma ka ha awina o ka Oihana o ka frontal lobe:

• Perednetsentralnaya gyrus. Eia he mea cortical nucleus o ka Hawaii mea kālailai, a me kinesthetic waena. Ma keia ciia komo i kekahi dala o afferent olona, mai ka thalamus. Ka mea, e lawe aku proprioceptive ike mai na ami a me nāʻiʻo. Ma keia wahi, hoʻomaka e iho mai ana i ka spinal kaula a me ke kumu. Ka mea, i ka manawa e maopopo i ka rula o ka neʻe 'ana. Inā ka hopena-lolo e e poino ma keia wahi, hele mai kekahi lōlō o kaʻaoʻao e ku pono o ke kino.
• Ke hope hapakolu o ka waena frontal gyrus ma. Eia ka i ka piko o ka pakuhi (palapala) a me ka associative huapalapala wahi.
• Ke hope hapakolu o ka lalo frontal gyrus. Kēia wahi o ka piko-Moi.
• Ka awelika, a me ka mua hapakolu o ka awelika, luna, a ma lalo loa o ka frontal gyrus. Ma keia wahi e waiho i ka anterior cortical associative wahi. Ua hāpai kekahi iaaiey o ka luna 'ano' ano apau loa. Ke oo ana o ka medial frontal gyrus a me ka frontal laau pili me ka rula o ka emotiogenic kahua me ia ma ka limbic nenoaiu. Kēia wahi pili i ka hooponopono ana o ka psycho-mea naʻau mau kaʻao.
• Anterior frontal gyrus awelike. Aia He He oo? A hui kuapo ana o na maka a me ke poo.

parietal lobe

Ua hoʻopili like i ka waena māhele o ke kīloi paʻewa ventricle. Telencephalon i loko o kēia wahi ka loaʻa o postcentral gyrus a me ka hewa elua parietal lobule - luna a me lalo. Ma hope o ka parietal lobe hele precuneus. Ke 'ole i hoike interparietal hewa elua. I ka lalo māhele ke aupuni 'gyrus - angular a me ka supramarginal a me paracentral hapa slices.

Hana cortical wahi i loko o ka parietal lobe

Hōʻike no ka hope loa lolo 'ole a me ka hana ana o keia' ole E e anao? Aou ia oaio? Ia e like me:

• Front wānana nohona ma pā lonoaʻili. Kēia i waena o ka ili mea kālailai , a hoʻouna 'ia wauke postcentral gyrus.
• Wānana kino puni pauku. Ua hoʻopili like i ka lihi o ka intraparietal sulcus.
• Associated 'Oihana "stereognosis". He ua poe ma ka Kernel mea kālailai (ili) iaia o ka mea i palpation. Kēia kikowaena hoʻopili like i ka uka pńpa o ka parietal lobes.
• Associated 'Oihana "Prax." Ke kikowaena hanaʻia ai ka hana ana o ke kālailai i ka mau purposeful neʻe. Ua hoʻopili like i ka cortex supramarginal gyrus.
• Associative olelo'ōnohi hookaawale ae ho palapala mea kālailai - i ka piko o ka hoailona. Kēia ciia hoʻopili like i ka angular gyrus o ka cortex.

Lolo: Anatomia. kino lobe

Ma kona kīloi paʻewaʻaoʻao moe mau Groove: lalo a me luna. I mai la lakou, pu me ke kīloi paʻewa kali gyrus. Ka lalo ili o ke kino lobe maopopo palena e hoʻokaʻawale ia mai ka hope, i kahi e. A puni ka lingual gyrus mea occipitotemporal. Mai ma luna o ka mea mea i kaupalena 'ia ka collateral sulcus limbic wahi, a kīloi paʻewa - kino occipital. Ke kaʻana like 'ana hoʻopili like i ka haahaa pepeiaohao o ke kīloi paʻewa ventricle.

Hana cortical wahi i loko o ke kino lobe

• Ma ka hapa waena o ke keena convolutions ma kona keenaʻaoʻao, ua kaawale cortical auditory mea kālailai. Ke hope hapakolu o ka gyrus kikowaena auditory olelo wahi. I Ina o ka eha i loko o ka wahi o ka'ōlelo hua'ōlelo i ike i leo.
• I ka lalo a waenakonu māhele o ka convolutions na cortical mawaena konu o ka vestibular mea kālailai. Inā loaʻa e uhaʻi i ka hana hope loa o ka lolo, nele i ka hiki i ka malama kaulike ana e ku ana, e emi i ka pā lonoaʻili o ka vestibular i hoʻomākaukauʻia.

mokupuni

Ua like ua kaupalena i loko o ke kīloi paʻewa, a circumferential Groove. Presumably ma keia wahi o ka papa lolo e hōʻike ma ka Ikepili o ka gustatory a me olfactory ka waiʻona ma ke. Eia hou, i loko o ka wahi o ka pilikia hoʻoneʻe 'ia paha, e loaʻa auditory olelo pokole a me ka' ike aaioee somatosensory.

limbic kaʻana like 'ana

Keia wahi ua aia ma luna o ka medial ili o ka cerebral hemispheres. Ua maupaʻa kāʻei, parahippocampal a me dentate gyrus, ka isthmus. E like me kekahi hapa o ke kaʻana like 'ana mokuna e Uwao sulcus o ke kino callosum. Ua, palemo, kolo ana i loko o ka recess o ka hippocampus. Ma lalo o kēia Groove, ma ka huli, ma ka nizhnerogovoy lua o ke kīloi paʻewa ventricle mea gyrus. Ma luna o ka recess i loko o ke kino callosum moe kekahi palena. Keia laina - kāʻei Groove - hoʻokaʻawale i ka cingulate gyrus, hoʻokaʻawale ka parietal a me ka frontal lobes o ka limbic. Me ka isthmus cingulate komo parahippocampal. Ka hope na welau me ka makau.

'Oihana Nä Pahuhopu

Parahippocampal a cingulate hai pololei i ka limbic nenoaiu. lolo hana ma keia wahi e pili ana i ka hooponopono ana o ka luna 'psycho-mea naʻau,' ano 'a me ka autonomic pane i stimuli o ke kaiapuni. Parahippocampal wahi a me ka makau nā cortical māhele o ka olfactory a me ka gustatory mea kālailai. Ma keia hihia, ke hippocampus ua pili me ka hiki, e aʻo, ka mea e hoʻoholo i nā maomeka o lōʻihi-makahiki a me ka pōkole-makahiki iaiyoe.

occipital māhele'āina

Ma kona kīloi paʻewaʻaoʻao moe transverse hewa elua. Ke medial hapa o ka auka malaila. Ma hope kona palena calcarine, a ma ke alo - ka parietal-occipital sulcus. Nō hoʻi ma luna o ka hapa medial o anao? Aou lingual gyrus. Mai ma luna o ka mea, mea i kaupalena 'calcarine, a ma lalo - collateral sulcus. Occipital lobe hoʻopili like i ka posterior pepeiaohao o ke kīloi paʻewa ventricle.

Oihana occipital māhele'āina

Ma keia ciia, kaʻawale oaio? Ia e like me:

• Ke kākoʻo wānana. Kēia Hoʻohana ua aia i loko o ka cortex, a hoʻohaiki ana calcarine hewa elua.
• Associative maka. Ke kikowaena o Nyos i loko o ka dorsal hapa o ka cortex.

keʻokeʻo mea

Ua ua poe ma ke ano o ka lehulehu olona. Ka mea, ua māheleʻia i loko oʻekolu pūʻulu.

• Wānana. Kēia waeʻano ua poe e laulau o ka efferent a me ka afferent olona. Ma ia aia no he loulou ma waena o ka wānana-oaio? A, a basal anei i a me ka spinal nuclei.
• Associative. Kēia mau olona, i ka huina lakou o cortical kahua i loko o ka hoʻokahi hemisphere. Ka mea, ua māheleʻia i loko o pōkole a me ka lōʻihi.
• Commissural. Mau kumu hoopaa cortical ciia ieiuaau e ku pono ana hemispheres. Commissural me ka ho okumu i: kino callosum, anterior commissure a me ka posterior commissure a me ka vault.

pńpa

Kona papa kuhikuhiE hapa ninoieo o ka neocortex. Kēia "hou wauke", i mea ka loa filogeneticheki pō lolo ho okumu. Neocortex lawe i kahi o 95,9% o kaʻili kai. Ke koena o ka lolo i Konakele. Like:

• Old wauke - arhiokorteksa. Ua Ua Aia i loko o ka kino lobe i kapaia oʻAmona pū, a me ka hippocampus.
• Makamua pńpa - paleocortex. Kēia ho okumu ninoaaeyao i ka wahi i loko o ka frontal lobe kokoke i ka olfactory u kukui.
• Mezokorteksa. Kēia mea he uuku wahi e pili i ka paleocortex.

Old a kahiko pńpa i loko o nā vertebrates hōʻike mua ma mua o na mea e ae. Mau me ka ho okumu i kŘpa a primitive maloko 'ole.