Ka maikai na hana o Bulgakov: i ka papa inoa a me ka manawa pōkole hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo

Mihail Afanasevich Bulgakov, kona maikai mau hana i hōʻike mai iā ia i loko o kēia 'atikala i loko o ka palapala, ai' ola o ka USSR noho ana ka noho kaʻawaleʻana kūlana. E manao ana hoʻoilina i ka palapala, ai 'mooolelo o ka 19th kenekulia, oia ua like malihini a me ka nohona realism, a kanu i ka ideology o communism i loko o nā 1930s, a me ka uhane o ka avant-garde experimentation, ano o ka Lūkini moʻokalaleo o na 1920s. Mea kākau ikaika satirical, e ku e ana i nā koi o ka censorship, i kākauʻia i ka io e pili ana i ka hana o ka hou ke kaiāulu a me ke kipi i loko o ka USSR.

Features i ka mea kākau o ka Weltanschauung

Bulgakov ka hana lewa i ka Outlook o ka pilina i loko o ka wa o Ewa,'iako o ka totalitarian? Eia koe hana i ka mea kahiko pono a me ka moʻomeheu Hawaiʻi. Kēia kūlana ua kumukuai o ka hailonaʻana no ka mea kākau, i ole ae kona mau moʻolelo i kākau lima e kakau. A nui loa o ka hoʻoilina o kēia mea kākau i hele mai ia mākou wale nō ma nā makahiki ma hope o kona make ana.

Mākou e kaumaha aku oe i ke kēia papa inoa o na hana kaulana o Bulgakov:

- na novels "The White poe kiai", "E ke Kumu, a Margarita", "Notes o ka mea i make;

- moʻolelo: "Diaboliad", "kahi ona e hua", "Heart o ka Dog";

- ka hula "Ivan Vasilievich".

Ka puke "The White e kiai aku ia" (makahiki o ka honua nei - 1922-1924)

Ka papa inoa o "ka maikaʻi hana o Bulgakov ka" wehe "The White poʻe kiaʻi". I kona puke mua Bulgakov wehewehe i nā hanana pili a hiki i ka hopena o ka 1918, oa ka wā o ke Kanawai Kaua. I ka hana o ka huina hoonui i wahi ma Kiev, nui kaʻoi loa, i loko o ka hale, kahi i ia manawa i noho ai ka mea kākau moʻolelo o ka 'ohana. Prototypes i waena o na makamaka, hoahanau a me na hoalauna e Bulgakov aneane pau huapalapala. Nā moʻolelo i kākau lima o na hana i i ola, akā, ma muli naʻe o keia, kânaka o ka puke, penei ka hopena o na koa o prototypes, e hooiaio i ka ike maopopo, a o ka mea i manaoia Mihailom Afanasevichem hanana.

Ka hapa mua o ka puke "Ka White e kiai aku ia" (Mikhail Bulgakov) i paʻiʻia ma ka makahiki 1925 ma ka Magazine i kapaia "Lūkini". Loa i paʻiʻia ka hana i loko o Farani mau makahiki ma hope. i nā manaʻo kiʻiʻoniʻoni ia mau lā - nāʻaoʻao Soviet hiki oleʻae i ka glorification o ka papa enemi mea kākau a me ka emigrant - aloha i na Aupuni.

I ka 1923 Bulgakov i kākau i ho okumu ia kekahi huahana e ka "lani e e wela ...". "Ka White e kiai aku ia" (Mikhail Bulgakov) ma hope i mālama ai i ke kumu no ka hula kaulana "Lā o turbines." Aia ua no hoi he helu ana o adaptations.

Kaao, "Diaboliad" (1923)

Hoomau ana e wehewehe i ka loa kaulana hana Bulgakov. O nā ka puke "Diaboliad". I ka moʻolelo e pili ana i na kapu i hōkaiʻia Kakauolelo, mea kākau hōʻike i ka theme like mau loa o ka "uuku kanaka", i ua he luahi o ka bureaucratic mīkini o ka Soviet mana, ma ka paʻakikī o Korotkov, Kakauolelo, pili me ka diabolo, luku ikaika. Hoʻokuʻu mai ka hana, e hiki e Makuakane me ka bureaucratic daimonio limahana e ho'ōla hele hehena. A hana i mua paʻiʻia ma ka makahiki 1924 ma ka anthology "Nadra".

Ka moʻolelo "kahi ona e hua paha" (makahiki o ke kukuluia'na - makahiki 1924)

Bulgakov ka hana nā ka puke a me ka "kahi ona e hua". Events lawe wahi i loko o ia i ka 1928. Vladimir Ipatievich Peaches, he maikaʻi loa zoologist haʻawina kekahi hanana kŰia: kaʻulaʻula hapa o ka malamalama pae mai i ka noho haumāna kahi ia ma luna o nā embryos - ka mea, hoʻomaka e ulu wikiwiki, a hiki i ka nui, nui ka nui ma mua o lākou "i ke kikokikona kope." Aia He hoʻokahi wale nō drawback - kaʻikepili ua maopopo wehewehe aku ma ka loa aggressiveness a me ka hana e proliferate.

One mahiʻai, alai ae ia e ke kanaka me ka hope inoa Rock, nō, e hoʻohana i ka hana mea hou i hana muaʻole Persikov i ka helu o ka holoholona moa, e hoihoi mai Rusia hele ma ka moa ahulau ma hope. Alaila e kaili i ka pahupaʻiwikiō-i hanai i ke Kumu, akā, ma kuhihewa kahi o ka moa, e loaa mai ia ia crocodile, nahesa a me ostrich hua. Mea kolo hoʻomoe mai o ia, mau paʻi - ka mea, e neʻe ana i Moscow, sweeping aku nā mea a pau i loko o kona alanui.

Ke kuka ana o keia hana Keia ka "ai o na akua" - i ka puke ma ka HG Wells, i kākauʻia e ia i loko o 1904. Ma ka mea, nä känaka 'epekema invented i ka lepo i ke kumu nui ka ulu o ka mea kanu a me nā holoholona. E like me ka hopena o ia mea ma 'Enelani ka mea, he kanaka nunui wasps a me nāʻiole, a me ka hope o ka moa, heʻano o nā mea kanu, e like me ka pono me ka heihei o na kanaka nunui.

Prototypes a me ka hoʻololiʻana o ka moʻolelo "Ka ona e hua"

E like me ka hale hoʻokamakama philologist B. Sokolova, prototypes Persikov e kapaia Aleksandra Gurvicha, ka biologist kaulana, a me Vladimir Lenin.

Sergey Lomkin wehe 'ia me ka nānā' ana ma o ka 1995 Auana o ka ia inoa mau hana, a me na koa malaila, a me ka hana ana o "ka Haku, a Margarita" me Voland (Mikhail Kozakov) a me ka popoki Behemoth (Roma Madyanov). Oleg Yankovsky pâʻani 'brilliantly ke kūlana o ke Kumu Persikov.

Puke "Heart o ka Dog" (i ka makahiki 1925)

No ka mea manawa mua i paʻi i kēia moʻolelo i loko o Lādana, a Frankfurt i ka makahiki 1968. Ma ka USSR ka mea, ua māhele ia ma samizdat, a me wale i ka 1987, ka kūhelu puke.

I ka hana, i i palapala ai i Bulgakov Mihail ( "Heart o ka Dog"), i ka i kēia'āina. Events lawe wahi i ka makahiki 1924. Filipp Filippovich Preobrazhensky, he hale hoʻokamakama surgeon loaʻa iā ia nā mea hiki ole i nā hualoaʻa ma ka rejuvenation a ke hoomaopopo i na he hanana hoʻokolohua - i e ka hana e transplant i kekahi kanaka'īlio pituitary. Bezdomny'īlio u kukui ua hoʻohana 'ia e like me ka hoao holoholona, a me Clim Chugunkin aihue i make i loko o ke kaua, ia mea he hui, kona mau pou.

At Ball i nā hoʻomaka e haule hulu hipa, aole i lalau mai mau lala, aia no he kanaka helehelena a me ka leo. Kumu o ka hoopahaohaoia'na e koke mai i, nae, walania iho la ia mihi e pili ana i hemolele.

I ka hoʻokō 'i ka huli' ana i loko o ke keʻena o Mikhail Bulgakov i ka 1926 ka mea i hopu i ka puke "Heart o ka Dog" a hoʻi akula ia ma hope o ka noi 'ana no ka mea, Gorky wale.

Prototypes a me ka ka hoʻololiʻana o "Heart o ka Dog"

He nui noiʻi ʻike hoʻokumu Bulgakov i ka manao ana o ka mea kākau moʻolelo i kākauʻia i loko o kēia puke o Lenin (hoopahaohaoia'na), Stalin (waihoʻoluʻu), Zinoviev (hope Zina) a me Trotsky (Bormental). Ua Ua manaoio, no hoi, i Bulgakov wānana nuipa a repression ia i wahi i loko o ka 1930s.

Alberto Lattuada, Italian ho film kau wela, ma ka makahiki 1976, i ka buke o ka ua inoa o ka ho film, ma a ka hoopahaohaoia'na Kumu Max av Sydow Radio. Special hiʻona, naʻe, i ole i keia ho film ka hoʻololiʻana, ma ka Akä naÿe i ka iconic kiʻi o ka mea kuhikuhi Vladimir Bortko, paʻi i ka 1988.

Ka puke "Na Kumu a me Margarita" (1929-1940 makahiki)

Farce, satire, pohihihi, Fantasy, nane, Awaits, nā kaʻao ... I kekahi manawa ia mea i ka huina hoonui, a hana Mikhail Bulgakov ka "Haku a me Margarita", hiehie a pau kēia mau Huli i.

Satana i kaʻaʻahu o Woland alii i loko o kā mākou honua me ka wale kekahi iʻike iā ia pahu hopu, noho mai ka manawa i ka manawa i loko o kekahi mau kauhale a me nā kauhale. Once, ma ka luawai piha mahina, loaa ia ia iho i loko o Moscow o na 1930s - ka manawa a me ka wahi, kahi i kekahi manaoio i aole hoi ke Akua, aole hoi o Satana, hoole aku i ke ola ana o Iesu Kristo.

ka poe a pau i hele mai i loko o hui 'ana me Woland, hahai pono-hewaʻiʻo hoopai no oukou i kēlā i kēia mau hewa: ka ona ana, bribery, manaʻo'ālunu, selfishness, wahaheʻe, palaka, kolohe, etc.

E haku i ka puke e pili ana i Ponetio Pilato, i ka Haku mea i loko o ka pupule puʻuhonua, kahi Kipaku aku la oia i ka i hoʻohalahala noʻonoʻo loi, mai hoa moʻolelo. Margaret, me kona haku wahine, wale eia aʻe ana pehea e imi i ka Haku, a hoʻi ia i ona lā. Azazello e hāʻawi mai ai ia manaolana i keia moe, e hiki maiʻoiaʻiʻo, akā, i kēia kaikamahine i ka i kekahi hana i Woland.

mō'aukala hana

Ka mua kēia o ka puke iloko o ka piha physical ano o Woland, ua kau ma luna o ka puka, he umikumamalima puke nā palapala i i hana Mikhail Bulgakov. "Ka Haku a me Margarita", pela i kona iho mōʻaukala. Mua, i ka Haku i kapaia oʻAsetarota. Ma ka 1930s i loko o ka Soviet nupepa a me journalism ma hope o Maxim Gorky i paa ai ka inoa o ka "Haku".

E like me ia Elena Sergeevna, i ka wahine kāne make o ka mea kākau moʻolelo, Bulgakov ma mua o kona make ana aku la i kēia mau olelo e pili ana i kona puke "Na Kumu a me Margarita": "I mea e ike ... e ike."

Ke hana ia i paʻi a ma hope o kona make ana. It mua i hele mai i ka malamalama wale i ka 1966, oa 26 makahiki ma hope o ka make ana o kona Mea Hana i, ma ka hoʻopōkole mana, a me na bila. loaa i ka puke koke hiʻona i waena o ka Soviet intelligentsia, a hiki i ka loa i ka kūhelu ka paʻi i ka 1973. Kope paʻi hana hana lima, a pela haawi. Elena e hoʻokele e mālama i ka palapala no kēia mau makahiki a pau.

Great hiʻona nanea lehulehu nā hōʻike, ma muli o nā hana iā Valeriem Belyakovichem a me Yuri Lyubimov, ka mea i Film no hoi e Alexander Petrovic a me Andzheya Vaydy a me TV papahana Vladimir Bortko a me Yuriya Kary.

"Moʻolelo keaka wale puke" a me "Notes o ke kanaka make" (1936-1937 makahiki)

kakau iho la Bulgakov Mihail Afanasevich hana ma mua o kona make ana i ka 1940. Ka puke "moʻolelo keaka wale puke" koe paʻa hapa. Ia ma ka aoao o Sergei Leontyevich Maksudova, he kekahi mea kākau, i kāna moʻolelo o ka mea kākau moʻolelo o ka honua, a me ka hale kiaka backstage.

November 26, 1936 Ua hoomaka ka hana ma luna o ka puke. Bulgakov ma kaʻaoʻao mua o kona puke i mau inoa: "moʻolelo keaka wale puke" a me "Notes o ka mea i make." I ka la mahope Ua palua i kahalalo 'ia.

E like me ka hapanui noiʻi ka puke, - ka loa ridiculous kanaka Bulgakov. Ua Ua hanaia ma ka ia hanu, me ka sketches, kikoo a me nā mākaʻi kiaʻi. ka mea kākau moʻolelo o ka wahine a hoʻomanaʻo aʻela ia, i kona wa e lawelawe 'ana o ka aina awakea, e kali ana no kana kane ka hoi ana mai o ka po o ka Bolshoi Kino, noho iho la ia ma kona päkaukau, a palapala iho la i kekahi mau' aoʻao o keia hana, a laila, māʻona, anaanai iho i kona mau lima mai no ia.

Ka hula "Ivan" (1936)

Ka loa kaulana puke i haku ai nā ole wale novels a me nā moʻolelo, akā, i Radio Bulgakov. Kekahi o ia mau mea, "Ivan", i kaumaha aku ai i kou noonoo. E käkuhi ia e hiki mai ana. Nikolay Timofeev, he lunaʻenehana hana ma Moscow, i loko o kona keʻena i ka manawa mīkini. A hiki i ka hale manakia Bunsha hele i ona lā,ʻo ia huli i ke kī, a me ka pā ma waena o ke kino n iaainoaoeii neo. Loaʻa i ka aihue George Miloslavsky, e noho ana i loko o Shpak keʻena o kona hoalauna. An lunaʻenehana wehe i ka puka no Moscow i loko o nā lā o ka 16th kenekulia. Ivan Grozny, make koke, me ke kome i loko o ka makana, a me Miloslavsky Bunsha, a komo hoʻi i loko o manawa.

hoomaka kēia moʻolelo i loko o ka makahiki 1933 i ka wa a Mr Mikhailʻae e kākau "leʻaleʻa hula" me ka mele keʻena. Initially, ke kikokikona kapa okoa, "oluolu", e hele aku i loko o ka wā e hiki mai Communist manawa mīkini, a ikea mai la Ivan Grozny i loko o hoʻokahi wale nō Episode.

Kēia hanaia, e like me nā'āpana o Bulgakov (ka papa hiki ke hoomauia), i kona wā e ola ia i paʻiʻia, a i ole i mai a hiki i 1965. Leonid Gaidai i ka 1973 ma muli o ka hana i kona kaulana kiʻiʻoniʻoni i kapaia "Ivan Vasilyevich Hoʻololi iʻoihana".

Kēia mea e walaʻauʻana puke i haku ai i i Mikhail Bulgakov. Nā hana o kēia mea kākau i ole kaupalena i ka luna. E hoomau i ka like o kaʻike hoʻokumu Bulgakov hiki ke pūnaewele a me na mea e ae.