Ka pāhawewe ke: lethal mahele lāʻau no nā kānaka

Ka pāhawewe Ua ionizing pāhawewe microscopic (particles) a me physical kihapai. No ka pāhawewe waiū 'aʻole helu' ultraviolet kukuna a hiki malamalama huahelu. Ke hiki e ionize i ka waiwai, aole ia i i ke eea Radio eʻe a me microwaves, ia ke ole ka pāhawewe. Lethal mahele lāʻau no ka kānaka ua i hana artificially ma Nine Inch keʻano o ka hanaʻana, pāhawewe pili i physical hana.

I ka mana a me ka mahele lāʻau

Power o ka pāhawewe o ke dala o ka ionization no i kekahi wā o ka manawa. No ka mana o ka mokuna ma laila - anakahi iki-roentgen no hora.

Ke kūpono mahele lāʻau ua ana ma ka huina mahele lāʻau, nānā 'ia e ka mana o ka pāhawewe hoonuiia e ka lōʻihi o nā microparticles pela pōpilikia lethal mahele lāʻau o ka pāhawewe no kānaka, i hiki aku ai i ka make. E ana i ka hua'ōlelo mahele lāʻau hoʻohana sievert (Sv), e hoʻomaulia i ka mana me ka nānā 'no hora sievert (Sv / h).

No ka ho omaulia i ka hua'ōlelo mahele lāʻau mai ka waiū a hiki i na kukuna o nāʻano lawe i loko no o ka nui o ka makemake pāhawewe i ka sievert. No ka laʻana, ma ka hoomaopopo ana i ka huina mahele lāʻau o ka gamma-Ray hana equate i 100 roentgens 1 Sv. Small nā māhele o ka emi o 1 Sv hoʻomaulia me ka pili ana i ka:

• 1 mSv (mSv) like i 1/1000 sievert;
• 1 Sv (mikrozivert) like i 1/1000 milliziverts millionth a sievert.

A mea no ke ana ana i ka pāhawewe

Hae, he pono ole ka manaʻo no ka hoomaopopo ana i ka mahele lāʻau ana a me ka mana kauoha ma ka manaʻo, a me ka manaʻo Aʻole, he dosimeter. Dosimetry me ka mākaʻi i ka manawa o ka waiū i ka pāhawewe, no kekahi laʻana, 'oni iki, a me ka hooko ana o hoʻopakele hana.

A lethal mahele lāʻau o ka pāhawewe i kekahi kanaka X-na kukuna hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka pāhawewe pinepine 'ma ka wahi o ka limahana ina ka huina kōmi Ua oi aku 600 huahelu, alaila, ua irradiation ola mau olelo hooweliweli. Hookolokolo aku la ia kaʻi aku waiwai, 'ikamu, kora ke kāʻei kua o nā hale a me nā hale. Kēlā me kēia kanaka kipa wahi me ka pilikia o ka radioactive mea hoʻohaumia, ka dosimeter loaʻa ma ka ikaika kino ana.

E hele ana i loko o malihini'āina, e like me na mauna, o ic ??, e hele ana ma luna o ka Hike 'ole e koho i hua a me Fish, lawe i ka mea e anamanaʻo i ka wahi ma mua loaa lōʻihi. Ua Ua nānā 'ana i ka nui o ka pāhawewe wahi ma mua o ka hana' ole ka kūʻai o ka aina. Ke kāʻei kua pāhawewe ua ole hoemi, a ua i wehe mai i nā pā pōhaku o nā hale a me nā mea, no laila i ka pilikia o ka mālama 'akomi i ka hoʻohana' ana i ka dosimeter.

I ka manaʻo o ka radioactivity

Kekahi lolelua ka nuclei pihaʻi me nā'ātoma hiki ke ulu a disintegrate. Kēia kaʻina ka poʻea pau i ke kala o ka noa Ion. Aia He He radioactive ea puka, ikehu-ikaika, hiki no e hana ma luna o ka puni mea, a hoʻonāukiuki i ka muli o hou Ion o ka io a me ka maikaʻi kauoha. A lethal mahele lāʻau o ka pāhawewe i rad ia lŘlŘ ka wā i ke kanaka irradiated 600 rad, 100 rad kahi o ka ( 'okoʻa ke kahua pa alima) = 100 roentgens.

Nā kumu o ka radioactive mea hoʻohaumia

Ke kanawai o ka likeʻole aʻe a me nā kumu i ke kiekie kāʻei kua pāhawewe:

• lilo o radioactive waiwai, mai ke ano o ka nukelea ao i loko o ka Naita me;
• ka wā o ka pāhaweweʻonou, kūpono hana i nā kālaiōewe ioeo ma ka instantaneous hana o ka gamma kukuna a me neutrons, me ka hookuu iloko nukelea Naita me ia;
• ka aoao o ka mawaho pāhawewe o gamma a me ka Hoʻokolohua kukuna;
• lethal mahele lāʻau o ka pāhawewe ua hōʻike ma ka na irradiation ma hope o waiū o radioactive isotopes i loko o ke kanaka kino, mai ka lewa a me ka ai;
• radioactive haumia ea ua hoowalewale mai la ia i loko o peacetime au i na ino kanaka-i ma nukelea iauaeoia, kūpono halihali a me ka hoʻolilo o nukelea neoneo.

ano keia ano o ka pāhawewe

Mea i kānaka o ka pāhawewe microparticles, kūpono ai i loko o ke kino o ka maʻi a me ka make. I ka nui o ka hopena hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka laha 'o nā kukuna, lōʻihi like' ole a me ka alapine (frequency).

• kaumaha Alpha-huna, olelo ikaika mai, papa mai nuclei ma hope o disintegration (ka hope nā thoron, cobalt-60, uranium, radon);
• Hoʻokolohua (particles) e electronsʻike mau strontium-90, potasiuma-40, Cesium-137;
• gamma kukuna poe ma ka (particles) me ka kiʻekiʻe penetrating mana (cesium-137, cobalt-60);
• paakiki X-kukuna, gamma-me-(particles), akā, emi hana mikiʻala, i americium-241, o ka ikaika kahi o ka hanana o ka la;
• Neutrons nō i ka hopena o ka'opi o ka plutonium Kora naʻEsau, kā lākou hoʻomāhuahua ua ike i loko o ka papa o nukelea reactors.

ʻano likeʻole nā māhele

Like paha kau pono ka mahele lāʻau o ka manao paa o ka pāhawewe nā māhele ma luna o ke kino e like me kaʻilihune o ka kekahi nui o nā palapala 'ona. Kēia huahelu i loko no o ka pā lonoaʻili o ka mea na nā loko, a me ka noho manawa o ka radioactive waiwai i loko o ke kino (i kekahi manawa lifelong). I kekahi manawa, he lethal mahele lāʻau o ka pāhawewe i loko o ka X-kukuna ua ana no kekahi o ka mea i koho kino.

Ambidentate like mahele lāʻau nānā 'ana i ka waiwai i ke kiʻi i kekahi kanaka, ina paha lakou maanei ma ka ?? eoi? Kahi dosimetry ua hana, ke anakahi ua anaia mai ka manawa i loko o sievert.

Ka hopena o ka radioactive mea hoʻohaumia i ka kanaka kino

Kekahi pāhawewe, e alakai ana i ka ho okumu i loko o ka papa o ka pou (particles) a me kekahi mau hana mana, ionizing noʻonoʻo. Ua hoopuehu i ka pāhawewe kāʻei kua mau accompanies ke kanaka, ka mea hana cosmic pāhawewe, i ka hopena o ka la, i ke kumu maoli o radionuclides a me nā eiiiiiaiou o ka biosphere.

E hana ma ka noho weliweli ana, e hoomalu aku i nā limahana me kūikawā costumes, like me ka maluhia hae. Irradiation o ke kino i loaʻa i loko o ka wahiʻoihana ma ke kino a me ka Nine Inch hoʻokolohua, e hali ana mai e nana, 'inikua noiʻi,' ā ana a me na mea e ae.

Mutation o ka waiū

A lethal mahele lāʻau o ka pāhawewe i ke kanaka i loko o rad naehana mea ma luna o 600 a hiki aku i ka make. Irradiation ma ka mahele lāʻau o ka 400 a hiki i 600 rad paipai 'ia ka hanana o ka pāhawewe mai, a hiki i mutation o nā'ōewe. Hana ionized hou 'ana o ke kinoʻuʻuku? Anoee, mutations ma na hanauna hoike mai ai ia lakou iho. manawa hohola haawi i ka pono, e kanalua, ua he mutation o radioactive keiki ole no i nā kumu.

Mutations ma ka helehelena ua maheleia i loko o Hoʻohaku, hōʻike 'ia ma ka pōkole manawa ma hope o ka waiū a me ka hana a recessive. I ka lua o kaʻano o ka hoike mai ai ia ia iho, ina makuwahine a me ke keiki i kekahi mutated'ōewe. Ke mutation Aʻole ole e ala hou mai no kekahi mau hanauna, aʻaʻole i nā mea a pau uuku au ke kanaka. Degeneration o ka fetus mea ole ia e hooponoponoia ia mea, ma ka hihia o premature ka nahunahu hanau, ina o ka mutation aole ia i ae i ka embryo e hiki i ka tribal makahiki.

Ka pāhawewe maʻi. leukosis

Ma ka hoʻomanaʻo o kaʻike, o ka pāhawewe maʻi ua nui loli ana ma ka pāhawewe. A lethal mahele lāʻau o ka pāhawewe hiki aku ai i ka make, akā,ʻaʻohe pilikia emi waiū pae o ka mai 200 a hiki i 600 p, i ka pāhawewe maʻi. Ka pāhawewe ke loli ai i kekahi kanaka ma hope o ka hookahi ikaika hopena paha ma kekahi mau anal o haʻahaʻa mana pāhawewe. Lakou i mea hoike o na hana o ka radiologists i ke ku imua o kōnea a me ka hana ino me ka typical maʻi.

Ka noho pilikia loa o ka hopena o ka pāhawewe ma ka fragile kino o ka mai i ka 15 makahiki. About ka nui o ka mahele lāʻau o ole kona manaʻo ma, noiʻi haawi okoa ioeeiiaiey mahele lāʻau o ka 50, 100 a me 200 p. Ke pathogenesis Ua aʻo ma ka noiʻi institutes, pāhawewe leukemia nui ole i ka lapaau.

Oncological maʻi

I ka like ana o na waiwai o ka pāhawewe ma luna o ke kanaka huikau ma ka mea e no ka muli o generalizedʻikepili aʻo nui nā pūʻulu o kanaka, i mea ole me kūikawā hoʻokolohua. He aha ka lethal mahele lāʻau o ka pāhawewe mea lethal, a me ka pae o ka maʻi 'aʻai ma o na la kanaka hikoko hiki ole e hookolokoloiaʻi e au, ma ka holoholona hoʻokolohua.

Ma hua'ōlelo o ka auaaeaiea o ka mea pepehi mahele lāʻau ma o na la cancerous hikoko, aohe mea i maopopoʻikepili. Kekahi mahele lāʻau o ka pāhawewe i loaa mai ma ke kino, oia ke ala e hoʻomakaʻano pākīkē aeea mahele. I ka alapine (frequency) hoike ana mai o ka maʻi i hoʻolaha like penei:

• o ka loa e like me ka hoike ana o ka leukemia;
• 1000 wāhine a pau i ke kamepiula pae, umauma Ka maʻi 'aʻai 10' ölelo nā mea maʻi;
• ka ia 'ikepili helu o thyroid Ka maʻi' aʻai.

Ka pāhawewe maʻi oolea degere

Nā symptoms o ka pāhawewe maʻi mea he ikaika aku headache, hoʻopōʻino neʻeʻana, lima kolohe 'ana o ka ōhumu, nausea, ka luaʻi, pōniuniu, opu a me ka intestinal kāna hana. He aha ka ka mahele lāʻau o ka pāhawewe mea lethal i kānaka:

• mua ka papahelu hoikeia mai ma hope o ka latent wā o elua pule, i ka maʻi ua kena ae la ma irradiation o ka 100 a hiki i 200 roentgens;
• no ka hoike ana o ka lua o ke degere ma hope o ka irradiation mahele lāʻau o ka 200 a hiki i 400 X-kukuna, make ia lŘlŘ ma ka hapahā i hooleiiaʻi mawaho;
• pāhawewe maʻi kolu o ke kahua - mea make i loko o 50% o ka hoopii, no ka hanana o lawa pāhawewe mahele lāʻau o ka 400 a hiki i 600 roentgens;
• ha, o ka noho pilikia loa pae, i ke kumu no ka pāhawewe. Lethal mahele lāʻau o 600 roentgens, make ia lŘlŘ i loko o 100% o ka hihia.

Nā Papahana no ka palekana i loko o ka hanana o radioactive mea hoʻohaumia, iaono?

Ka hae hana no ka heluna kanaka i loko o ka ?? eoi? Ina ka pāhawewe. A lethal mahele lāʻau o ka pāhawewe mea pilikia i ke ola, no laila e ho'ēmi i make i hoʻonohonoho 'ia ke piʻoloke o ka poʻe i loko o ka hale, a i puʻunaueʻia ma luna o ka degere o ka hoomaluhia no ka paukü pōkā pahū na hale kamala, hale ilalo, laau hale a me ka hi. He aho e pale aku i ka 'ole o ka' ano mua, e hana i ka mea e ae e like me ka pilikia? Aiaiiuie malumalu.

Haʻi'ōlelo ana nā naehana maluhia, ka wai a me ka ai na lako. Shelter essentials i ma ka mua ina he mea kekahi pilikia o ka Naita me ia a kala. E hoʻohana i Anati-pāhawewe ka lapaʻauʻia ua i hoʻohana 'ia i ka lawa o ka waiu hawaiian.

Hua mai la i regular sanitization a me disinfection o mau mea, i kela manawa kanaka evacuated mawaho o ka iho mailoko wahi. Ka ho'ēmiʻana mai o na waiū ma ke kāpaeʻana lepo ka hopu hoʻolako respirators, mana i loko o 80% o ka hihia. Ka puu uuku huahelu haawi gauze lole wili o eha mau papa, akā, hoʻohana 'ana i nā mea a pau o ia hoʻi, ma ka lima o ka hoomalu ana. I hoʻohana 'ia ka ahuula repellent rainwear, ma ka loa hoopii, ke polyethylene ho film.

Ma ka hopena ia e e oleloia ia i ka pāhawewe āpana 'aʻole i emi mea hoʻohaumia, pilikia o kanaka maʻiʻaʻai ua minimized ka hoʻohana kanaka ano o ka hoomalu ana a me ka pāʻana i ka pāhawewe mahele lāʻau i loaa mai ma ka mea o dosimeters.