Māhunehune hoʻomaka, 20th kenekulia mua ua hoano e'ōpio 'epekema e like meʻike manaʻo ikaika. Ka papa kuhikuhi o kaʻike manaʻo e ola ana ia manawa, uaʻaʻole hiki ke pane i nā nīnau i i kaua kipi ma ka pōʻaiapili o ka mōʻaukala a me ka moʻomeheu kumu o kēia manawa. A no loko mai o kēia wā o ka 'epekema, a ola i ka ulia mua i loko o kona mōʻaukala, a i ua ua hoʻopili kuhikuhi i ka holo pono o kaʻimi naʻauao kumu hoʻomohala ma ka introspective kula, e wehewehe i ka maoli moku'āina o na mea ma ka kaiāulu.
Ua alakai aku ai i ka mea i ka papa kuhikuhiE kuhikuhi o kaʻike manaʻo o ka 20th kenekulia i okoaʻo lākou paha o ke ao, a me kekahi mau aoao o ka mea hiki ike maopopo kekahi mau kula eʻimi ana. Ma kekahi, Wundt, he 'elele o ka structuralism, ua hoonoho ia iho i ka pahu hopu i mea e ninaninau i ka pololei ka hoao ana a me kona hale, a me nā functionalists e ole e lohe, hoʻomālama ma ka Ikepili o ka hana o kēia hale. Ke'ī mai, i mai la i ka papa kuhikuhiE kuhikuhi o Westernʻike manaʻo oko i loko o kā lākou e hoʻokokoke i ka wehewehena o nā kanaka hana: na structuralists hoakaka ia me "he lei o ka oihana mua", a me functionalists - me ka "muliwai o ka ike paka i", a hiki wale nō ke aʻo i loko o kona olelo e lilo. Over manawa, ka mea, o ka poeikohoia o ka functionalist hoʻokokoke hoao ia iho i loko o nä hana kilokilo.
Nō hoʻi, no ka walaʻauʻana kuhikuhi o ka 20th kenekuliaʻike manaʻo nā reflexology, a? Ac?ʻano nui ma Lūkiniʻepekema, no kekahi laʻana, Pavlov a me Bekhterev. Ka mea, ua i ke kumuhana o ka hoʻopaʻa makaukau a me ka waiʻona ma ke hoano e ia e ke kanaka. Pavlov, i loko o 'ana, dala i ka makahiki "hoʻoponopono muli o", a me kona helehelena ua wehewehe. Other ka papa kuhikuhiE mau mea o kaʻike manaʻo, paha, i ole pela pili loa me ka kālaimeaola, a ua ai no ia mea nui a pau.
Behaviorists, alakaʻiʻia Watson manaoio kona papa hana, e ike i na mea pohihihi o ka hana o ke ola kanaka. A ina ua loaa ia i ka 'ē aʻe nui mau mea o kaʻike manaʻo kekahi subjectivity, na adherents o kēia manaʻo' imi ana e wehewehe i nā puzzles i loko o ka hana o ka poʻe e ola ana mea e Pahuhopu aʻe a i pili i ka ka hoʻololiʻana i ke kaiapuni. Ka mea, i ka hapanui hoʻohana no kā lākou mau ho okolohua, keʻokeʻoʻiole, no ka mea, o ka naau a me ka psyche no 'ano' - kēia kekahi, no laila, i ka likeʻole ma waena o kēia mau holoholona a me nā kānaka mea negligible. Ke kumu nui e piʻi like ana o keia kula i ka wehewehe no ka āpana o nā mākau ma ka hookolokolo ana a me ka hewa.
A eia ka mea hope, kekahi o ka manaÿo o kaʻike manaʻo, originated i keia manawa o Freudianism. Freudʻeleu ma luna o ka hana, noʻonoʻo, i kanaka hiki ole hoomaopopo. A hele mai la ia i ka manaʻo o "unconscious" a hoolilo i kona ola no kona mahele. He manaoio aku i ke kumu o ka unconscious ka hana hiki e 'akomi i ma këia moeʻuhane, huikau ka piko a me involuntary ka neʻe' ana. Freud manaoio i nā mea a pau pilikino? Acaeoey hiki ke hoemi i mau walaʻauʻana instincts: moe makemake a me ka makau i ka make. E noho nei i loko o ka hui, ua uhi mau koa, no laila, ua hoʻoikaika ka mea, i loko o ke aupuni o ka unconscious, akā, i kekahi manawa nō e lakou i manao ai.