Ka poem "Requiem" (Anna Akhmatova). "Requiem": i ka mōʻaukala o ka honua nei

Anna Andreevna Ahmatova - kekahi o nā haku mele nui loa o ka 20th kenekulia. I ka wahine, ao kona perseverance a me ka hoʻolaʻa mahalo i loko o Rusia. Soviet Aupuni i kana kane mua, a laila, kana keiki, i papa mai la kona mau poem, a me ke kaomi hoʻomākaukau i kona hoomaau ana. Akā,ʻaʻohe auwe i pii ole mai, e wāwahi i kona uhane. A hōʻike i haule ai i kona kaʻana like, hookomo i loko o kona hana Akhmatova. "Requiem", i ka moʻolelo o ka honua nei a me Ka Ikepili o ka mea e e kūkākūkā i loko o kēia 'atikala, ua ka noketura mele o ka haku mele.

I ka manaʻo o ka poem

Ma ka kakaʻina a hiki i ka poem Akhmatova kākau ai i ka manaʻo o ia i kekahi huahana ala aʻela ia i ka "Yezhov wā", a ua hoʻopaʻaʻia i loko o ka hale paʻahao queues, e imi ana i ka halawai me kana keiki. Once ka mea, aʻo, a me kekahi o na wahine noi ina Akhmatova i hiki ke wehewehe i nā mea i hanaia a puni. Haku mele i mai la: "I hiki." Mai ia manawa koke nō i hānauʻia i ka manaʻo o ka poem, e like me Akhmatova iho.

"Requiem", i ka moʻolelo o ka mea i hanaia o ka i pili i ua hanahana loa ma ka makahiki no ka Lūkini kanaka, aku i ka make i ka mea kākau moʻolelo. I ka makahiki 1935ʻo ia i hopu no Anati-Soviet hana o ke keiki a Anna Akhmatova a me Nikolaya Gumileva - Lev Gumilyov. A laila, ua hiki iā koke hookuu i kona keiki e kākau i kekahi palapala i Stalin kino Anne Andreevne. Akā, i ka 1938, i ukali ia e ka lua hopu, laila, i ka'ōlelo hoʻopaʻi i ka 10 makahiki Gumilev Jr.. A me ka mea hope hopu, ma hope i kona i ka'ōlelo hoʻopaʻi i ka make, ia i commuted hope i maopopo nä haumäna i ka 1949. A mau makahiki ma hope Lev Gumilyov, ua akoakoa pu rehabilitated, a me ka 'āhewa' ana i ka e unfounded.

Akhmatova poem "Requiem" hookomo a pau o ka poe popilikia i puka mai ai kēia mau mea weliweli makahiki o ka haku mele. Akā, ka mea, ua i wale i ka ohana pōʻino i ka lewa i loko o ka huahana. Ua kāheaʻia ke kaumaha o nā mea a pau na kanaka mea i hooluhi hewa i loko o ia manawa weliweli.

Ka mua laina

Outlineʻikeʻia ma ka makahiki 1934. Akā, ka mea, ua he lyrical kalapona, ka hanaia'na o ka i i mua? Oaony a me Akhmatova. "Requiem" (mōʻaukala o ka honua i mea mākou theme like) i ka poem ma hope, i ka 1938-40, niioaaonoaaiii. Pau i ka hana i mua i loko o ka 50s.

I ka 60 makahiki o ka 20th kenekulia poem, paʻi ma ka samizdat, hauʻoli nui hiʻona, a ua hele mai ka lima a he lima. O ke kumu ho i ka mea i ka huina hoonui i banned. Ia i ae mai nui, e mālama i kona poem, Akhmatova.

"Requiem": i ka mōʻaukala o ka hanaia'na - ka mua ka paʻi

I ka makahiki 1963, i ke kikokikona o ka poem loaʻa wale aku no. Here ma Munich, i ka huina hoonui o ka mua kauoha aku paʻi. Lūkini emigrants mahalo i ka poem, ka lehulehu ākea o kēia mau poem endorsed i ka manao o poetic tālena Anny Andreevny. Naʻe, i hookuu ia ai ka piha kikokikona o "Requiem" wale nō i ka 1987, ka wā e i paʻiʻia ma ka "October" Magazine.

ka Ikepili o

Ke theme like o ka poem Akhmatova ka "Requiem" - i ka ehaeha ke kanaka i loko o kou ohana, kona ola kaupaona i loko o ke kaulike. Product ninoieo a poem kākau i loko o kekahi mau makahiki. Akā, ka mea, i nā mea a pau 'amelika luuluu iho, a me ka mournful kani i ua i mua i loko o ka inoa o ka poem. Requiem - he apana o ke mele i manaoia no ka hana paipai manaʻo.

Ka Ana Aina, kakaʻina Akhmatova mai nei i ka hana a ua kākauʻia e kekahi mea'ē aʻe o ka noi. Aia ho'āʻo ai i na mooolelo i hoʻokumuʻia e Pushkin a me Nekrasov. I ua, i ka hooko pono ana o ke kanaka, he pono, embodying i ka makemake o na kanaka, wahi a civic kohoʻia no ka hana a pau. No laila, i nāʻano o ka poem - a pau na kanaka a pau me ia ma lalo o ka "ulaula paia o ka poe makapo." Haku mele i kākau ai,ʻaʻole wale nō kona kaumaha, akā, i ke ahonui ana o na kanaka a pau. Nolaila, kona lyric "I" ia iho i loko o ka nui-ka unahiʻole, a me ka hulina "mākou."

Polyphony a multifaceted "Requiem" (Ahmatova) poem maʻiʻo a me ka hōʻike 'i kēia mau hiʻona. Manawa mnogogeroynosti heluhelu lohe i na kahea ana a me ka manaʻo nei ke kaumaha oi aku mamua o kekahi kanaka, a pau naʻia.

Ka mua loa o ka poem, palapala trehstopnym anapaest paipai nā loina kona kohoʻia. A me nā kiʻi (wanaʻao, pouli o kekahi keena maluna, hopu, like me ka wehe 'ana o ke kino) ho okumu i ka lewa o ka mōʻaukala authenticity, a hele hoʻi i ka wā kahiko: ", au, me he Royal wahi wahine" Penei, e loaa ana lyrical conceptualized like me ka timeless, maʻa i na wahine a hiki i na makahiki o Petero.

I ka lua o ka hapa o ka hana, palapala chetyrehstopnym Hui, malama aku i loko o ka Lullaby kaila. Ke heroine mea hou kaumaha a me ka uwe ana, oia ka malie a me kaʻuʻumi iho i. Naʻe, i kēia mea he mana ka haahaa loa, ma loko o ka mea Hoʻonui i ka pono maoli ka uhauha, mai ka hele ana ma ke kaumaha. I ka pau ana o ka lua o ka hapa i loko o koʻu mau manao a pau i ka hui lyrical ka uhauha, hopu ae la au ia pau.

Ke culmination o na hana i ke poo o ka "I ka make." Eia ka papa kuhikuhiE ano mea kokoke no ia e make i loko o kekahi alanui, mai na lima mai o bandits, maʻi, "iwi". Akā, aohe he noho pakele o ka makuwahine, a me ka ia i literally petrified me ke kaumaha.

ka hopena

Akhmatova poem "Requiem" hāpai i kaʻeha a me ka hoomanawanui ana o ka Lūkini kanaka. Aʻaʻole wale nōʻike i loko o ka 20th kenekulia, akā, no hoi no ka pau ana o ke kenekulia i hala iho nei. Akhmatova poses me Documentary miomio i kona ola, i iho la ia Rusia ka hala, kona makana a me ka wā e hiki mai.