Ka walaʻauʻana lula o ka Lakina 'ōlelo. Ke emi ma Roma

Lakina - Ua inflected 'ōlelo (' o ia hoʻi, ka mea i he ākea huahelu o ka pākuʻina), a e pili ana i ka Italia hui. Ua nā hiʻona i ka noa mea o ka hua'ōlelo i loko o ka hana o ka pohihihi. Ka haʻiinoa i hoole mai i ka helu a me ka hihia e like me ka pronouns a me ka haʻiʻano (me participles) ĸokoĸa ana nä pane ma ka helu, a me ka hihia hoohanau; verbs i hoole mai e na kanaka lā, manawa, collateral a me ka inclination. Pela, ke emi ma Roma - ka waeʻano pinepine i hoʻohana. Ia hoʻi inflections (a hāʻule pahū a me suffixes) Roma i kekahi o ka loa like i waena o ka Indo-Europa, 'ōlelo. Lakina ua noʻonoʻo i ka Classic i loko o linguistics.

Ka manawa pōkole History o ka Lakina 'ōlelo

Lakina i mua i oleloia ma Latium, Italy. Ma ka mana o ka Roma Repubalika he Roma lilo Hoʻohaku, mua ma Italy, a laila, ma ka Roma aupuni a pau. Konaʻena Lakina Ua reborn i loko o ka 'ōlelo Romance e like me Italia, Pukiki, Paniolo,' ōlelo Palani a me Lomānia. He Roma, Italia a me Farani i ka hailonaʻana o nā hua'ōlelo ma ka 'ōlelo Pelekānia. He Roma, a kahiko Greek aa, a me nā hua'ōlelo i lawelawe ma ka theology, kālaimeaola a me ka lāʻau lapaʻau. Ma ka pau ana o ka Roma Repubalika huli (75 BC. E.) Drevnelatinsky'ōlelo i loko o ka Classic. Konaʻena Lakina Ua olelo ano. Ua Ua hooia ia ma ka palapalaia maluna penei, a me nā hana o Roma playwrights e like me Plautus a me Terence.

Late he Roma Hawaiʻi originated a hoʻomohala a puni ke kolu o ka kenekulia AD. Medieval Lakina Ua hoʻohana 'ia mai ka IX kenekulia a ka pakebona. Eia, e like me ka Hekikai o ke kālā no he Roma, ua hoomaka ae la e Hawaiʻi. Lakina i ka 'ōlelo o ka lahui kamaʻilio,' epekema a me ka theology. ua mai a hiki i ka XVIII kenekulia, ia ia i hoomaka ai e pau ka 'ē aʻe Europa,' ōlelo Roma 'ōlelo o ka' epekema. Ecclesiastical Lakina i koe i ka'ōlelo kūhelu o ka Mea Hemolele E nānā hoʻi, a me ka holoʻokoʻa Lakina oihana o ka Ekalesia Hui.

Ke ole o Roma ma nā 'ōlelo

Lakina 'ōlelo i loko o kona olelo ano, a ua kapaia konaʻena Roma (ma ka hoohalike - "kanaka"), lilo iho la ia i ka'ōlelo-praosnovoy no nā aupuniʻEulopa' ōlelo 'ē, hui i loko o kekahi' ōlelo lala i kapaia o Romanesque. Ma ke kumu o kēia mau 'ōleloʻo Solomona ma waena o ia mau mea i ka manawa, he mea nui oko ao, i hanaʻia e like Roma loli Hawaiʻi i ka aina i naʻi ai i ka helu o nā kenekulia. Lakina like me ka 'ōlelo-praosnova loli nui ma lalo o ka aoao o kūloko' ōiwi 'ōlelo a me ka olelo.

Pōkole hōʻikeʻano o Lakina grammar

Lakina - mea he kemikala, inflected 'ōlelo ma ka hua'ōlelo o ka' ōlelo Mea Maluna. Ia mea i ka 'ōlelo, a ua Kīwala'ō ma lalo derivation ka hoʻohana' ana inflections. Inflections i na ano o nā loli i nā aa o nā hua'ōlelo a hāʻule pahū wale ihola. Lakina hua'ōlelo nā lexical semantic hehee ai a me ka hopena me ka PAaIEN o ka grammatical pono o ka olelo. Ka hoʻokuʻi pū o ke kumu, i hāpai i ka manaʻo o ka hua'ōlelo, a me ka hope i ka mea nui loa kana olelo hoopomaikai oihana mua o ka manaʻoi hāpai 'ia: no ka laʻana, Kamakawiwo, "Ua aloha au ia oe", i mai ka semantic hehee ai, am- "aloha", a me ka hopena -ō, e hoike ana ia ia mea he verb mua-kanaka singular a mea he kau hope.

Declination o ka haʻiinoa ma Roma

Ka Lakina noun no i kekahi o ka elima nā hui o declinations, oa nei ke ao hookahi shape a hāʻule pahū wale. Declination Lakina noun ua nānā 'ia e ka genitive hihia singular. I mea e pono ke ike i ka genitive noun. No hoi, o kela hihia i kona hope. declension Lakina ka haʻiinoa nā kēia.

• Ka mua nō i ka feminine ka haʻiinoa, me ka pono me ke kane, ka poe i kahea aku i ka mumulu mai kanaka a aupuni 'ē aku. 1 declination Lakina manao genitive singular pau ana -ae. No kekahi laʻana: persa - Persian; agricŏla - mahiai. Holo nōhie, ka mea mua emi o ka hihia hopena -a.
• 2 emi ma Roma ka hapanui welau a me ka palapala - e pili ana. Hooponoponoia ia mea, ma ka genitive singular pau ana Ke haʻi aku. Apana declension i käne ka haʻiinoa i loko o ka -us, -er, ma ka awelika -um, a he uuku pūʻulu o feminine hoailona pau i loko o -us.
• 3 emi ma Roma - nani ka nohona pae o ka haʻiinoa. Ka mea hiki ke maheleia i loko o ka papa kuhikuhiE waeʻano ekolu.
  1. Leokanipū.
  2. Vowel.
  3. I hui pūʻia. Mana e pono aʻo i ka muaʻekolu waeʻano.
• Ke ha declension, ka hapanui welau a me ka palapala y me ka olelo ano o ka noun. Nānā 'genitive singular pau ana -ūs.
• I ka lima o ka emi ana ma Roma ka hapanui welau a me ka palapala -e ma ka hihia. Nānā 'genitive singular pau ana -ei. He uuku pūʻulu o ka haʻiinoa.

Pela, ke emi ma Roma ka loa like, no ka mea, e like me ka olelo maluna, o ka olelo o Roma inflected 'ōlelo. Declination o ka haʻiʻano ma ka Roma 'ōlelo' aʻole i oko mai ka haʻiinoa. I ka mea, ma na aoao ia mea i 'ano like me ka'ōlelo Lūkini, kahi a lakou e hoi i ka ia declination. Ka hui oi aku ka nui o nā hua'ōlelo i loko o Roma - mea he noun declension 1. Lakina i ka loaʻa o ka helu o nā hua'ōlelo i i ole hoole mai.

Lakina noun pākuʻina

Panina Lakina i ehiku hihia o ka noun. Declination o ka haʻiʻano ma Roma coincides me ka emi ka haʻiinoa. E hoomanao i na manawa a pauʻehiku:

• Ke nominative hihia ua hoʻohana 'ia ka wā o ka noun o ke kumuhana a predicate. No ka laʻana, i ka hua'ōlelo amor - aloha, puella - kaikamahine. I mea no ka loiloi mua 'ano o ka noun.
• Genitive noun expresses no i kekahi kumuhana.
• Dative ua hoʻohana 'ia ina ka noun o kaʻauhau'ēʻaʻe hoʻokō i nā noi me kūikawā verbs, a me kekahi mau excuses.
• Accusative hihia ua hoʻohana 'ia ka wā o ka noun o ka pololei mea o ke kumuhana, a me ka pretext o ka hoike ana i ka wahi o ka mākaʻikaʻi.
• Ablative hoʻohana ina ka noun hōʻikeʻike kaawale paha o ka neʻeʻana o ke kumu, ke kumu o ka mea paahana, a me ka wā hoʻohana like me ka noun mea me kekahi prepositions.
• Ua hoʻohana 'ia Vocative hihia i ka wa a ka noun expresses pili ana i ke kumuhana. Vocative coincides me ka noun palapala nominative, koe wale no ka lua o ka declination noun pau i loko o -us.
• Locative hihia ua hoʻohana 'ia ke koho' ia i ka henua (hoʻopili like Lūkini preposition i ole ma). E hoʻohana i kēia hihia wale nō i loko o kēia pōʻaiapili.

Ka pau '(Roma) ke inducement mākou nānā' pokole ma luna. E like no ka 1 declinations, ka mea, e like penei: -a, -ae, -ae, -am, -a, -a.

Declination o ka haʻiinoa ma Roma ua hoikea mai oia, i loko o ka hihia a hāʻule pahū wale.

Lakina verb conjugations waeʻano

Ano o verb ma Roma, pili ia i kekahi o na kumu nui conjugations eha. Conjugation - he papa o verbs me ka ia a hāʻule pahū wale. Conjugation ua ho'ākāka 'ia ma ka palapala o ke kumu verb o ka hope lā. hiki ke loaʻa ke kumu o ka keia manawa ma ka hōʻike pū 'ana i ka infinitive pau -re (-ri L otlozhitelnyh no verbs). First conjugation infinitive welau ma --ā-hou paha --ā-HI (ʻeleu a me ka OE leo), no kekahi laʻana: amāre - "aloha", hortārī - "hooikaika aku" conjugations o ka lua o ka - ma -e-hou paha -e-HI : monēre - "ao", verērī, - "intimidate" ke kolu o ka conjugation - e -ere, ke haʻi aku: dūcere - "alakai", ūtī - "hoʻohana"; i loko o ka ha Ke haʻi aku-hou, Ke haʻi aku-HI: audīre - "lohe", experīrī - "ho'āʻo." Ke'ī mai, i ka Roma verb conjugated ma ke kanaka, ke kaumaha ma muli o ka wale nô o ka conjugation.

Times Lakina verb

Ma Roma, he 6 manaʻo Makamae (tempus), i mea wale hapa 'ia i loaʻa ma ka' ōlelo Lūkini. Mau mea na kēia? Ueo-Makamae 'ano apau loa.

• Currently.
• I hala iho nei imperfect Makamae.
• Ka hala hemolele Makamae.
• Pluperfect (pluperfect) manawa.
• I ka wā e hiki mai pololei Makamae.
• Wā e hiki mai imperfect Makamae.

Kela a me keia manawa i kona iho haʻilula, a me ka pono i ka hoʻonaʻauao 'ana. Lakina verb, he waeʻano o ka naʻau i loko a me ka collateral.

Lakina hua'ōlelo

No Lakina o ka Italic 'ōlelo, ka nui o kona hua'ōlelo mea i ka Italic, oa protoindoevroeyskogo kahiko kumu. Eia naʻe, ma muli o i ka pili moʻomeheu AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN ma waena o ka Romans hakuloli ole wale ka Etruscan Hawaiʻi i he Roma, akā, i lawe aie kekahi Etruscan hua'ōlelo. Lakina i ka loaʻa o ka hua'ōlelo aie mai oskov, kekahi kahiko Italic kanaka. O ka holo ana, no ka nui loa waeʻano o loan - mai ka Helene.

Lakina 'ōlelo

Romance 'ōlelo - he pūʻulu o nā' ōlelo a me ka olelo a pau a hiki i ka Italic subgroup o Indo-Europa, a i ka na kūpuna - Lakina. Lākou mau inoa - Awaits - i ka manawa e hele mai, mai ka Lakina Romanus (Roma).

Branch o linguistics i haʻawina no ka Romance 'ōlelo, i ko lakou omaka, e ulu ai, typology, i kapaʻia Romance philology. Ke kanaka i olelo aku ai ia i kapa romanoyazychnymi. Penei, he make 'ōlelo mau e nei i loko o ia mau mea. Ka helu o nā 'ōlelo a Romance ōlelo i ka manawa - ma kahi o 800 miliona nā hualoaʻa a. Ka loa, he pono ole i loko o ka hui ua Sepania, alaila, ukali ia e na Pukiki, a me Palani. I huina nui i oi mamua o 50 o ka 'ōlelo Romance.