Kalawina - wai mea me neia? Kakolika a me ka poʻe Kalawina. Kalawina ma Rusia

I kēia lā, aia mea he hoʻi i ka spirituality. More a oi kanaka manaʻo e pili ana i ka immaterial hapa o ko kakou mau ola. Ma kēia 'atikala e kamaʻilio pū mākou e pili ana i ka poʻe Kalawina. Kēia mea he alakaʻi kaawale o Karistiano, a he aoao ku e, e like me ka manaoio kekahi.

I hoopa aku i ka ninau o keʻano paialewa i loko o Protestantism. Ka mea, e hoihoi 'ike e pili ana i ka oihana o ke kākoʻo o kēia neʻeʻana i loko o kēia Rusia.
E heluhelu ia a oe e aʻo i nā pane i kēia, a he nui nā nīnau.

ʻO wai lā ka poʻe Kalawina

I ka umikumamaono kenekulia, ma ka Western Europe ua he kaawale ana o kekahi hapa nui o ka malama pono ana i ka Roma Hui Church. Kēia hanana i loko o ka historiography ua kapaia "reformation." Penei, Kalawina - ia ka hapa o ka poe Kristiano i 'aʻole' aelike a me na kumu mua o ka Hui hoʻomana, a me kekahi o na kumuhana o ka theology.

Next, mākou e hana like Protestantism mai na wahi like Orthodoxy a me Catholicism. I ka manawa, e na koina he uukuʻoi i loko o ka mōʻaukala o keia neʻeʻana.

Middle Ages ma Western Europe ua like me ka manawa, i ka wa o ka poʻe hāʻule i loko o nui kaukaʻi ole wale ma luna o ka naita ma luna, akā, ma ka ekalesia.

ʻaneʻane i ole Wehewehe i nā hāʻina i ninau me ke komo ana o ke kahuna, e ia i ka ahaaina mare a maʻamau o pilikia.

Hili aku i loko o ka lawelawe ola, ua hoʻonui Hui hemolele poe kupuna, alahula mau waiwai. Screaming hana maʻamau a me ka papalua mau hae hana ma na mōneka hunaia mai o ia lehulehu. Ka Uluwehi o'ōhumu mai no i ka oiaio i na mea he nui o nā nīnūnē hana me ka i banned paha, hoʻoikaika ihola nā kāhuna 'uao.

Ia mea i loko o keia kulana, a i ka manawa e lilo i Martina Lyutera lohe. Kēia German theologian a me ke kahuna. E like me kekahi lala o ka Augustinian Papa,ʻo ia mau kiai i ka palaho o ka Hui clergy. I kekahi lā, i mai la oia, i ka epiphany e pili ana i ka ala oiaio o Orthodox Christian.

Ka hopena ua "He kanaiwa-Five Theses," a Luther ka onipaa ana i ka ekalesia puka ma Wittenberg i ka 1517, e like me 'ana no ke kuai ana o indulgences.

Ke kumu o ka loina hooponopono o Protestantism «sola piliwaiwai» (me ka manaoio wale nō). He mai nei i ole kekahi i loko o ke ao nei hiki ole ke kōkua i kekahi kanaka no e hoolaia mai, akā, iā ia iho. Pela, ua kahiliia ae kula kahuna kuai o indulgences, i ka makemake no ka waiwai a me ka mana ma ka aoao o ka ekalesia ke kula.

E mākou hoʻomau i ka noho ma luna o theologicalʻokoʻa ma waena o na mau mea ekolu o Kristiano.

Haʻalele Kakolika a me Orthodox

Orthodox, Kakolika a me ka poʻe Kalawina e pili ana i ka hookahi hoomana - Kristiano. Naʻe, i loko o ke kaʻina hana o ka mōʻaukala a me ka pilina? Acaeoey ua Ua mau mahaeʻana. Ka mea mua i loko o 1054, ka wā ma ka Roma Hui hookaawale i ka Orthodox Church. Hope, ma ka umikumamaono kenekulia, oiai ka Reformation, ua he loa hookaawale no - Protestantism.

E ka ike pehea okoa loina i loko o kēia mau ekalesia. A no ke aha la mua Kalawina pinepine huli i Orthodoxy.

No laila, e like me nā lā kahiko papa, Kakolika, a Orthodox e noʻonoʻo ia i ka ekalesia oiaio. Kalawina i keʻano o ka manao. Kekahi mau mea e hoole i ka pono e no i kekahi denomination.

Mawaena o Orthodox kahuna e 'ae i ka mare, hoʻokahi houʻana, mōneka papaia e komo i loko o ka mare. Kakolika o ka he Roma moolelo, a pau e haawi aku i ka hoʻohikiʻana o ke celibacy. e 'ae' Kalawina e kiʻi mare, aole lakou e ike ia mai celibacy.

¶ A i loko o ka hopeʻaʻole loa he kula o ka monasticism, ma Akä naÿe i ka mau kuhikuhi mua.

Kakolika i ka mea kiekie loa mana o ka Pope, ke Orthodox - na hana o ka Man a me ka palapala hemolele, Kalawina - wale i ka Baibala.

Eia hou, i ka poʻe Kalawina i kamaʻilio i ka ninau «filioque», i mea ke kihi o ka hihia ma waena o Kakolika, a Orthodox. Eia hoʻi ka mea, i ole purgatory, a me ka Puʻupaʻa ua ike i ke kumu hoʻohālike o ka hemolele wahine.

O na mau Kakalema ehiku e like me ka poʻe Kalawinaʻae wale bapetizo ana a me ka noho pu ana. No ka hooiaio a me ka ua i ike ma ka hoomana ana o icons.

Protestantism ma Rusia

ʻOiai ka Russian Hui, a me ka Orthodox aupuni, akā, ma laila nō'ē aʻe, he pono ole ka manaoio. I ka nui, eia Kakolika a me ka poʻe Kalawina, Iudaio, a me ka Buddhists, adherents o na uhane mooolelo a me philosophical worldview.

E like me ka 'ikepili helu ma Rusia e ma kahi o ekolu miliona poʻe Kalawina e hele ana parishes oi aku mamua o na tausani he umi. O kēia mau kaiaulu kauoha aku helu i loko o ke Kuhina o ka Lunakanawai, ua emi iho malalo o ka hapalua.

Ua nui nā mea kū i loko o ka Pentecostal Protestantism Lūkini noʻonoʻo. Ka mea, a me kā lākou hooponoia lala (Neo-Pentecostals) i hui oi ma mua o ka hapalua o ka miliona ukali.

Akā, ma manawa, kekahi e hele i ka hula Lūkini hoʻomana. Kalawina e pili ana i Orthodoxy e hai aku ia mau hoa, hoalauna, a me kekahi manawa e heluhelu kūikawā moʻokalaleo. E hoopono ana ma na hōʻike manaʻo o ka poe i "hoi i ka pa" makuahine ekalesia, ka mea, manao maha ka noʻonoʻo, hou deluded.

Ke au paialewa a pau i loko o ka Russian Hui i koe, i hiku-lā Adventists, Baptists, minnonity, Lutheran, Euanelio Kristiano, Methodists a me na mea e ae.

Next, mākou e kamailio hou e pili ana i ka loa e like me ka ano o Protestantism ma Rusia. I hoopa aku i kekahi denominations, a ma ka ho'ākāka 'ana nō ma luna o ka verge ma waena o ka papa, a me ka ekalesia Protestant.

Calvinists

Ka loa ka naauao Kalawina - Calvinists ia. Ua kuhikuhi i hana i loko o ka hapalua like-umikumamaono kenekulia ma Kuikilana. Ka mea opiopio Palani kahuna hai a me ka theologian, Zhan Kalvin, ua hoʻoholo ihola i ka hoʻomau a deepen i ka mihi i ka manaʻo nui Martina Lyutera.

He hai ia E e wehe mai i ka ekalesia, i ole wale mea kue i ka palapala hemolele, akā, i kēlā mau mea i mea ole i oleloia ma ka Baibala. Ia mea, e like me Calvinism i loko o ka hale o ka pule e e mea wale ua kākau i loko o ka buke hemolele.

Pela, ma laila nō kekahi oko ao ma na aʻo ana i paa e Kalawina a me Orthodox. Ka ekalesia mua manaoio mai i kekahi 'ohi' ana o kanaka ma ka inoa o ka Haku, hoole i ka hapanui o ka poe haipule, ka Malia Puʻupaʻa la, a Christian hoʻi.

Eia hou, e manaoio ana i ka manaoio o kekahi kanaka ai oia ia ia iho a me ka naauao i ka pono. No laila, i ka bapetizo ana ia lŘlŘ wale ma ka adulthood.

Orthodox Kalawina nō ka piha e ku pono ana i ka luna-i oleloia o ka papa. Eia hou, e hoopili ana i ka manaoio o ka Baibala ke wehewehe i wale i ka pela hoʻomaʻamaʻa kanaka. Kalawina manaʻo i mea e hana i ka mea maikaʻi o ko lākou nā mea hiki a me ka uhane? Acaeoey.

Lutherans

I mea, o ka Lutherans e hahai ana i ka oiaio pono kīvila Martina Lyutera. Ka mea, ua ma hope o kā lākou mau hana i loko o ke kūlanakauhale o Speyer neʻe hoomaka ae la e ao aku i "ekalesia Kalawina."

Kaʻia "Lutheran"ʻikeʻia i loko o ka umikumamaono kenekulia i ka hakakā o ka Hui theologians a me nā kāhuna a me Luther. Pela no ka mea, i loko o ka derogatory ano i kapaia e hoohalike ana o ka Reformation makua kāne. Lutherans lakou ia lakou iho i kapaia "Ahahui Euanelio."

Penei, Kakolika, Kalawina, Orthodox imi i ke ola o ka uhane, akā, i nā 'ana i kūpono no kēlā me kēia meaʻokoʻa. Discrepancies, ma ka rula, ma muli wale nō ma ke ano o ka palapala hemolele.

Kona "He kanaiwa-Five Theses" Martin Luther hōʻoleʻia kāna i nā kāhuna a pau o ka Institute, a he nui na mooolelo i i paa ma Kakolika. E like me ia ia ia, i kēia mau HOU pili i ka hou i nā puke a me ka naita ma spheres o ke ola, ma mua o ka uhane. No laila, mai ia e ke kāpaeʻia.

Eia hou, i ke kumu o Lutheranism o ka manaoio ana ia Iesu Kristo, ma kona make ana ma luna o Gologota kalaʻia ia no ka hewa o kanaka, a me ka mua. A pau e pono ai no ka hauʻoli i ola mea e manaoio ma ke kūkala nūhou maikaʻi.

Lutherans no hoi o ka manao ana kekahi kahuna - o ka ia me ka i loko o, akā, oi 'oihana ma ka hua'ōlelo o ka hai ana. No laila, no ka mea, i ka launa pu ana o na kanaka a pau ia i ka chalice.

Lutherans i keia la, e komo aku ma mua o kanawalu-kumamalima miliona kanaka. Akā, lōkāhi, ka mea e 'ike'. Aia i kaawale unification a me denomination o ka mōʻaukala a me ka Leeuwerikplein manawa.

Ma ka Russian Hui, ka loa hanohano i loko o kēia 'ia o ke kaiāulu kanaka, "E hookauwa ana'ku i ka Lutheran Hour".

Baptists

Pinepine iā Kamehameha i aku nei au ia Baptists - he Beritania Kalawina. Akā, ma keia olelo, he mea me ka hua o ka oiaio. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, ka mea ia anao? Aou no ka mea, mai waena o nā Puritans UK.

I ka mea, bapetizo - o ka pili kahua o ka? Acaeoey (me kekahi manaʻo), a like ka offshoot o Calvinism. Ka manawa iho mai, mai ka olelo Helene, o hua'ōlelo "bapetizo". Ia mea i ka manaʻo i hoike ia ma ka inoa o kēia au.

Baptists manaʻo i ka mea wale oiaio ia kekahi kanaka hiki ke noʻonoʻo i ka mea manaoio i ka adulthood hele mai i ka manao, e haʻalele i ka hewa a me ka pono maliu mai i ka manaoio i loko o kona naʻau.

Me na manao pili no hoi na mea he nui Kalawina ma Rusia. I loko nō o ka mea i ka hapanui e pili ana i ka Pentecostal, a mākou kūkākūkā lalo, i ka ia kekahi o na manao mai o ia mau mea.

Pokole ka hoike i ka hoʻokumu paʻaʻana o ka hana o ka ekalesia ola, Baptists, Kalawina Ua ikaika i loko o ka infallibility o ka Mea Paipala mana i loko o nā wahi, i hiki. Ka mea, hoopili aku i ka manaʻo o ke aoʻoihana kahuna, a me kaʻaha kanaka,ʻo ia hoʻi, kēlā kū kaʻawale ke kaiāulu a me ke kūʻokoʻa.

Presbyter aʻole i kekahi mana maoli, wale ka mea heluhelu i ka sermons a me aʻo. Ua hoʻoholo ihola nā nīnau ma mau halawai a me ka ekalesia aha hookolokolo. Hoomana nā haiolelo ana, e mele ana, Himeni i ka hele pū o vocal mele like hoʻi me improvised pule.

I keia la, i ka Lūkini Baptists, like Adventists, e wehewehe ana ia lakou iho me Ahahui Euanelio Kristiano a me kā lākou mau ekalesia - pule hale.

Pentecostals

Ua oi aku ka nui poʻe Kalawina ma Rusia - ia Aloha Pentecostals. I ko kakou aupuni ka mea, ua ma luna o komo mai Western Europe ma Finland i ka nui iwakalua kenekulia.

First Pentecostal, paha, e like me ka mea i laila, i kapaʻia, "Oneness", lilo Thomas Barratt. He hiki i ka 1911, mai Norway a hiki i St. Petersburg. Eia ka mea nana e hai i haiia mai ia ia iho i ka follower o Euanelio Kristiano i loko o ka uhane o ka poe lunaolelo, a hoomaka ae la e kela kapa a pau comers.

Ka hookumu ana mai o ka manaoio, a me ka oihana o ka bapetizo Pentecostal o ka Uhane Hemolele. Ka mea, hoʻomaopopo a me ka oihana o ka hooholo ia me ka wai. Akā, me nā hana i kekahi kanaka inā pilikia ka haumāna ma ke kaolo o ka Uhane ia ia, noʻonoʻo keia he Kalawina ma luna o ka loa pololei. I mai la lakou i ka moku'āina, a ma ka mea ia manawa Aʻike bapetizoia, like me ka ka waiʻona ma ke ana o ka poe lunaolelo, i hoʻomaka ai, mai o Iesu Kristo i ka kanalima lā ma hope o ka alahouana.

A no ke aha la e kapa aku i ko lakou ekalesia i loko o ka hanohano o ka lā o ka kaolo o ka Uhane Hemolele, a me ka Trinity (Penetekota). LIKE manaʻo i mea laʻa a pela i loaa kekahi o na kilokilo makana. He lawe i ka olelo o ka naauao, ka hoola ana, i na hana mana, wanana, ke hiki e'ōlelo aku i loko o na 'ōlelo a me ka maopopo ma waena o na uhane.

Ke Russian Hui i ma kahi loihi ka loa influential Protestant ahahui i manaoia ekolu o ka Pentecostal kaiapuni. Lakou komo i ka Ahaolelo o ke Akua.

Mennonites

Mennonite - kekahi o ka loa hoihoi 'lala o Protestantism. Mau Kalawina Kristiano mua kūkala pacifism like hapa o ke ao ana.
Aia i kekahi denomination i loko o ka ke kanakolu o ka umikumamaono kenekulia i loko o ka Netherlands.

Ua noʻonoʻo i ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kālā Menno Simons. Initially, hele aku la ia mai Catholicism, a aponoia na loina o Anabaptism. Akā, ma hope o kekahi manawa me ka nui loa Mamua kekahi hiʻona o keia ao.

No laila, Mennonites manaoio ana i ke aupuni o ke Akua ma ka honua nei, e hele wale me ka kākoʻo mai o na kanaka a pau, i ka wa e hooholo i ka oiaio ekalesia nohona ma. Baibala Hemolele - Ua unquestioned mana, a me ka Trinity - ka mea wale nō i loaʻaʻano hemolele. Bapetizo wale nō nā mākua ma hope o ka hookamaia ana o paa a me ka maoli pāʻoihana.

Akā, i ka mea nui hiʻona ua noʻonoʻo Mennonite conscientious kue i ka oihana koa hana, koa hoohiki a me ka litigation. Ma keia aoao, na poe kokua o keia neʻeʻana i manaʻo kanaka makemake no ka maluhia a me ka nonviolence.

Ma ka Russian aupuni a pau Protestant denomination hele mai i ka noho alii ana o Ana i ka Nui. A laila, ua kono i ke kaiāulu e relocate hapa o ka Baltic Huipuia, ma o ka New Rusia, ma ka Volga'āina a me Caucasus. Kēia huli o nā hanana i Ua i ka hermit, no ka Mennonites, e like me ka mea, i na hoopai ana e hoomaau ma WesternʻEulopa. Nolaila, he mau nalu o koi Polenekia a hiki i ka hikina.

I kēia mau lā i loko o ka Russian Hui no keia mea hui me ka Baptists.

Adventists

Like kekahi Karistiano haipule, Protestant manaoio i loko o ka lua o ka hiki ana mai o ka Mesia. Ka mea, ua i keia hanana a me ka ia mua kūkulu Adventist kālaiʻike (mai ka "hiki ana mai" o na olelo Lakina).

I ka makahiki 1831, i ka mua ka luna o ka United States Army Miller lilo i Bapetite, a ma hope paʻi i ka puke e pili ana i ka paʻa mau hiki ana mai o Iesu Kristo March 21, 1843. Akā, e huli mai ia i kekahi ikea. A laila, ua he? Iaea no ka inaccuracy o ka unuhi, a me ka Mesia, ua manaoia ma ka pūnāwai makahiki 1844. I ka wa a no ka lua o ka manawa, e materialize nele, ua he au o ke kaumaha i waena o ka malama pono, a historiography i kapaia ka "Nui kuhi hewa".

Ma hope iho o ia, i ka Millerite puunaueia i ka helu o ka hookaawale denominations. I ka loa a me ka hoʻonohonoho kaulana i hiku-lā Adventists. Ka mea, ua centralized'ōnaehana a strategically hoʻomohala i loko o kekahi mau aina.

Ma ka Russian aupuni a pau, e hele mai ma no Mennonites. Nā kaiaulu mua i hana ia ma ka Crimean Peninsula, a me ka Volga māhele 'āina.

No ka mea, o ka hoole ana e lawe i na mea kaua, a me ka hoohiki ino, i hookauwa aku oia ia lakou i ka hoomaau i loko o ka Soviet Union. Akā, ma ka hope o ka seventies o ka iwakalua kenekulia ua he neʻeʻana mai o ke ola. A i ka makahiki 1990, i ka mua Ahaolelo Lahui o Adventist i aponoia Russian hui ana.

Kalawina, a noloko mai

I kēia lā ka mea, aohe kanalua i ka poʻe Kalawina - keia mea kekahi o like lālā o ka Kristiano, a me kona manao, me nā loina, hoʻokumu paʻaʻana i ka hana a me ka hoomana.

Eia naʻe, loaʻa nō kekahi mau ekalesia i mea ma luna o ka hoʻolālā mea i like loa me Protestant, akā, i, ma ka mea, i ole. I ka la mahope, no ka laʻana, e Iehova ka hoike.

Akā, ma ka nānaina o ka maopopo a me ka hilahila o ko lākou mau ao ana, e like me hoopaapaa mua māmala'ōlelo e hōʻike ana ma hope, ua neʻe hiki ole ke unambiguously wahi i kekahi ano o ka ao ao.

O Iehova ka hoike mai iʻae Kristo, ka Trinity, ke kea ikona. Lakou manao i ke Akua ka papa a me ka wale, i kapaia o Iehova, e like me ka medieval mysticism. Kekahi o nā mea i ho'ākāka 'ia ma pono i ka Kalawina. Akā, i kēia coincidence aole e ia poe kokua o ke Kalikiano denominations.

Pela, ke i meʻoe i loko o kēia 'atikala i hana mai i ka poe i Kalawina, a kamailio e pili ana i ke kahua o ka mea okoa lālā ma Rusia.

Pōmaikaʻi iāʻoe, aloha heluhelu!