Kapaau Lermontov ma Pyatigorsk. Museum-Reserve Lermontov ma Pyatigorsk

Ka mua kia Mihailu Lermontovu i hoʻokumu 'ia i loko o Pyatigorsk, kokoke i ke kahi i make ai. no laila, i ke kino ma ka manawa lōʻihi aku nei i reburied mai Pyatigorsk, akā, i ke kūlanakauhale, i kahi o na mahina hope o kona ola oia malaila, i ka aina hanau o kona mau poem hope,ʻaʻole i loko o make hewa ua lanakila ka mua Lermontov kia ma Rusia.

"I ua pomaikai me oe, pöhaku o na kuahiwi"

Lermontov selflessly aloha i nā mauna, aloha ka Caucasus. Paliuli a hiki i kēlā mau makahiki i ka wa a koʻu kupuna wahine Elizaveta Alekseevna Arseneva kona loa opiopio no hoi e lawe mai ana i ka wela o ka wai, e like me ka manawa, i kapaia o Pyatigorsk. laina He nui o kana mau hana i mea laʻa i ka Caucasus, i ka nani o kona ano. Paha ia mea ke kumu ke aloha ua ike ia e mākou like lono kaumaha. Here Lermontov ola me ka make i hele mai ma hope o kona lawe mua i loko o Nizhny Novgorod Dragoon Regiment o ke kipi poem "Ma ka make ana o ka haku mele," a laila, e hele mai iʻaneʻi i ka mea a pau kau e hooluolu malaila. A no ke aha la oia i ole hoʻi.

I ka hale o Lermontov ma Pyatigorsk, a lalau iho la oia, mai ka Major Vasiliya Ivanovicha Chilaeva, nō lā i kēia lā. ¶ A i loko o ia ka haku mele ka iau. A kia hoʻomanaʻo, a i ka mea mua, Lermontov immortalized ma ka pohaku, i loko o ke kūlanakauhale huinahalike, a ua hoomoana iho la ua hōʻike hewa ma mua e komo ai. Ma hope ia - i ka wāwae o ka mauna Mashuk, ma ka July 27, 1841, ma ka Reuʻela,ʻo ia i pau ai i ke ola o ka haku mele. ʻO kona mau maka, ua ma luna o ka luna o Elbrus, ke kilohana kuahiwi no laila, aloha haku mele o ka Caucasus Mountains. Kapaau Lermontov ma Pyatigorsk, a lawe aku i kekahi Hawaii photo me na oo? Enonei-? I kipa i ke kūlanakauhale - he hōʻailona o selfless aloha no ka haku mele naauao manaʻo o ka manawa.

Ma ke kanakolu lā hoʻomanaʻo o ka haku mele o ka make

Moʻolelo Reuʻela,ʻo ia Lermontov , a me ka inoa o kona kai i kokoke mai nā mea a pau i loko o kēia Rusia. Ua haʻiʻia mai iā ia ma ke kula i loko o ka lumi papa o ke kanaka maoli ka olelo, ka mea, ua palapala i loko o nā puke. A me na inoa o ka poe i hoʻoili i ka mea hoʻonoho o ke kia mua a hiki i ka mea nana ia, i ikeia ka hapanui 'oihana moʻolelo.

'Aʻole i nui loa kanaka i hoʻoili i nā kaʻina hana o ka mea hoʻonoho, ua, ua paakiki, e hoomanao i ko lakou mau inoa. I ka 1870, ka haku mele Peter Kuzmich Martianov paʻiʻia i loko o ka puke pai "World E hana" ka i kēia laina: "St. Petersburg, a Kronstadt i kia hoʻomanaʻo i Kruzenshtern a me Bellingsgauzenu, Kiev - Bogdanu Hmelnitskomu, a helu Bobrinsky, Smolensk - Glinka, no ke aha la Pyatigorsk, a me kona tausani o ka malihini i ka wai,ʻaʻole lawe i ka Initiative i loko o ka hana o ke kia M. Yu. Lermontovu? "i ka papa kuhikuhiE konohiki, i ka manawa o ka Haole mea pōhaku wai Andrew Matveyevich Bajkov ikaika kākoʻo i ka manaʻo o Martyanova. Nā initiators o ka pūʻulu i helu kekahi inoa - Aleksandr Andreevich Vitman, he kahuna lapaau a me ka 'aha hoʻokolokolo kākā'ōlelo Pyatigorsk. Bike a Whitman ua noi aku i ke kōkua o ka barona A. P. Nikolai, ka poe i ma ia manawa Luna Nui o ka Haole kia'āina - Grand Duke Mikhail Romanov. No laila, i ka makahiki ma hope, ma na mea he nui i na lima, i ka Initiative e hookupaa nui ae i kekahi kia hoʻomanaʻo i Lermontov ma Pyatigorsk loaʻa Tsar Alexander II. Kona kiekie loa ae i ka hanana i loaa July 23, 1871, kokoke i ka lā o ke kanakolu lā hoʻomanaʻo o ka haku mele o ka make.

Tausani rubles i kekahi denari

Ma muli o, ke aliʻi i palapala ia, a laila, ma luna o ka mea e oia e kukuluia na kia. Ua 'ia e hoʻomaopopo i ka "... wehe laha i loko o ke aupuni a pau poʻe heluhelu, e ohi i donations i keia kia." Ua Ua koke kukulu i kekahi Komite e hoala i ke kālā, a me ke Kuhina o Waiwai ka hoʻomaka 'ana i ke kakau ana o donations.

Ua loaa ke installment mua mai elua i ike ole kauwa o Taurian'āina a pau. He ua mau rubles. Akā, koke hoomaka ae la e loaa donations mai na wahi a pau. Kekahi dala hookomoia i loko o ka moʻolelo. No ka laʻana, he ponopono no ka tausani rubles - he wahi lihi iki o ke kālā i loko o kēlā mau makahiki - hoouna Prince Alexander Illarionovich Vasilchikov mua Lermontov ka lua i loko o ia fateful Reuʻela,ʻo ia. Fedor Mihaylovich Dostoevsky uku i na dala o kekahi, akahi denari, mai kekahi luna Mishchenko ua ai outraged i hiki hōʻike i kēia hana 'ia me ke aʻoaʻo no na hanauna e hiki. A me ka mea i ka maʻamau kua'āina Ivan Andreichev hou keia na makana i ka ruble, ka mea i ho'ākāka 'ia ma kekahi.

I wale 18 makahiki, i i loaa i ke kālā no ke kia hoʻomanaʻo i Lermontov ma Pyatigorsk i ohi ia 53 tausani 398 rubles a me 46 kopecks.

Competition no ka mea maikaʻi loa pāhana

Ma ka makahiki 1881 i ka ohi dala mea lawa no oe e hoomau aku i ka papahana o ka wā e hiki mai kia. Komite no ka a hāpai ka mea, e hoʻokele i loaa i ke kulanakauhale o Pyatigorsk like me ka wahi o ka mālama 'noho ana o ke kia hoʻomanaʻo, nae lala kekahi o ke Komite i manaoia, e kau aku ia i loko o kekahi o na mau poo elua, Kuhikuhi' ia i ka mea e "Lermontov pili ana i ka pau o Rusia", a me kahi o ka mohai, e wehe i ka iau o Lermontov ma Pyatigorsk.

A huina o ekolu puni o ke koho ana o ka maikaʻi kumuhana o ke kia. ʻAʻole hoʻi ka mea mua,ʻaʻole hoʻi me ka lua o ka puni, a ua hoouna aku la lakou i oi aku 120 i nā noi, i ole hōʻike i kūikawā sketch, a makemake apono i ka pau Komikina. Hopena o ka 'ekolu' ana i kūkala October 30, 1883. Ua hoouna aku la kona nā papahana 15 contenders, i waena o i helu 14 a me ka helu sketch o ka wā e hiki mai kia. He komo i ke kaulana i ka manawa o ka sculptor Aleksandra Mihaylovicha Opekushina, hana ekolu makahiki mua kia i Alexander Pushkin, ka mea i hoʻokumu i Tverskoy Boulevard ma Moscow. Kapaau Lermontov ma Pyatigorsk, ka mea i kaumaha aku ai i kau Opekushin, mea puni mele ec wale i kekahi mau nīnūnē lāliʻi, akā, o ka mea kākau o ka manao i ka hōʻike 'ana i ka pōkole akā, lei ke ola o ka haku mele. A Ua aponoia i ka manaʻo o ke Komisina lālā.

A kiʻi, a me ka unuhi

Oddly lawa, akā, e hoʻokō i kekahi keleawe ano o ka haku mele a me kona maka huli mai i ka e mai ai ka oluolu ma ka ola. Make ea paha no kekahi mea i ole, ua wehe mai Lermontov. Ma lalo o ka hāpana o kona helehelena Opekushininu hoʻolako i ka pakiko-kiʻi o ka haku mele, i kākauʻia e ia i loko o watercolor no eha makahiki ma mua o kona makeʻana, a me nā hoahānau-penikala unuhi o Lermontov, Baron D. P. Palena, pena i ka 1840, ma i ka haku mele i depicted ma ka pili.

Great 'oihana hana Aleksandr Mihaylovich Opekushin. Kapaau Lermontov ma Pyatigorsk a laila 'ike like ka loa pololei ma ka hua'ōlelo o ka mea like me ka mea haku mele. A o ka mea, ua i kahaha ko oukou naau, e like me ka sculptor i hana na mea he nui nō Lermontov, ma mua haawi ia lakou e hoohalike ola haku mele mau hoa, i waena o ka mea a ua o kona lua Vasilchikov. E kakau mai i ka lehalehu t hiʻona ma ke koho poe akamai i sketch 'ana ma lalo o ke alakaʻiʻana Aleksandra Illarionovicha, ma mua ka mea, i aponoia i ka mana hope loa o ke kia. Ka mea kākau makemake e haawi wale i ke kiʻi i kekahi kiʻi ano, akā, no hoi, e ho okumu i kokua noʻeau hana o oe, e pono no i ka haku mele.

Mai Crimea a me St. Petersburg - Pyatigorsk

E like me ka hopena, i ke kumu o ke kia hoʻomanaʻo i Lermontov ma Pyatigorsk i hana ole wale i ka loa kiʻi o ka haku mele, akā, i? Aaei ia ma lalo o kona pedestal unuhi. Bright māpala slab i ia e waiho mai i loko o ka palapala o ka monumental pohaku ma i, a kaʻawale lākou, mai ka lyre, he Pohon lei, a me ka peni, uaʻaʻohe hou ornamentation. All succinctly, akā, i kēlā me kēia o nā eiiiiiaiou, e halihali i ka hohonu symbolic manaʻo.

Ma St. Petersburg, i loko o ke keleawe ninini hola "A Moran" Ua hoʻoleiʻia i loko o ke keleawe o ka kiʻi hoʻi (kiekie o 2 mika 35 mau kenimika) a me nā mea kiko'ī o ke pedestal hoanmike. A laila, i ke kiʻi kaula, oiai ma Pyatigorsk e urgently hooponopono Square, a lele aku la i ka podium, e kau i ke kapikala no ka lehulehu, mākaʻi ihola iā.

No ka pedestal loko mai o ka Crimea i laweia mai i ka malamalama māpala paala - i ka huina o ewalu iniha, kapuaʻi. Ka wahi no ke kia hoʻomanaʻo i ka sculptor iho koho lōʻihi ma mua kona mea hoʻonoho. Ua 'ae' organically kuhikihi ana i ke kiʻi o ka haku mele, a me ka puni paka wahi. I kona unuhi kukulu ana i ka pedestal ma kūloko poe paahana. Mea hoʻonoho o ke keleawe kiʻi kaula o ka haku mele, a ma Pyatigorsk mua haawiia ma ka hōʻino aku, a laila, ma luna o kaʻa, ua alakaʻi 'Opekushin, kokua aku la ia ia i lawe mai, mai ka haku mai o ke kulanakauhale alii. Ka huina kiʻekiʻe o ke kia hope o ka mea hoʻonoho i 5 mau mika 65 kenimika.

Lei a me ka olelo hoomaikai, ma ka wawae o Mashuk

Initially, i ka weheʻana o ke kia hoʻomanaʻo i hoʻopaʻa 'ia no October 1889. Akā, Aleksandr Mihaylovich Opekushin hiki i hele mai i loko o October ma Pyatigorsk, a ua nui nā malihini wai makemake e ike i keia nui kekahi hanana, a no ia mea, ua hoʻoneʻe i ka lā o ka puka o ke kia hoʻomanaʻo i ka Lāpule 16 August.

Ma waho Opekushin e kino ike pehea e e he kia hoʻomanaʻo no Lermontov ma Pyatigorsk, hele mai i ka hana pili kokoke a pau na lala o ke Komite no kona mea hoʻonoho, ka kūloko aliʻi, nā luna o ka Office o ka wai, kulanakauhale luna, nā kupa o ka mau kaiāulu a me ka e akoakoa ai nā malihini. heluhelu It Ua i ka olelo ma ka ohi a me ke kālā o ke dala, ma hope a ke kia, a lawe aku i ka hau-keʻokeʻo, e like me ka luna o Elbrus, i ka paku.

Lei o nā pua, kala, keleawe'ōlinolino waiho ana ma na wawae o ka haku mele. Aia ua hōʻuluʻulu olelo e pili ana i ka nui o ka makakū hoʻoilina o ka haku mele no ka Lūkini kanaka, i ka hele ana "Lermontov", penned VI Saula, i ka poem "Ma mua o ke kia hoʻomanaʻo i M. Yu, Lermontova", heluhelu kākau Kostoy Hetagurovym. Ua Ua pâʻani 'o ia i kekahi apana "At ke kia hoʻomanaʻo i Lermontov", i kākauʻia e Mr. Schmidt.

Alone Andrei Matveevich Baykova i ole mawaena o ka poe i hiki mai. I keia manawa, ua seriously mai, oia ua ma luna o ka akoakoa ai Merano, ma Austria, kahi i make aiʻo ia i ka mahina ma hope o ka puka o ke kia.

Ka mua a me ka mea maikaʻi loa i keia la

Ke keleawe Lermontov, i ohi i ke kālā a puni ke ao nei,ʻaʻole wale lilo ka mua kia kukulu ai i ka haku mele, akā, i nā mea maikaʻi o nā mea a pau? Ueony i keia la. Ua Ua noonoo ma ke akamai moʻolelo, moʻolelo, kākau moʻolelo Ua kaheaia no ka lōʻihi manawa. Pehea nui i kūkuluʻia ma hope o ka hou kia hoʻomanaʻo i, akā, e waiho i ka ia: i ka pono kia i Lermontov - Pyatigorsk. Picture ia, a me nā kiʻi o ka mea ua hoʻouka kekahi ma luna o Tverskaya Pushkin, - aneane pau encyclopedias. Ma na wawae o ka haku mele ma ke alo o ka pedestal me nā palapalaia maluna penei; ma ka luna o ka "M. Lermontov ", iki lalo -" 16 August 1889 ".

Keleawe maka e like Lermontov? Aaeaao poetic laina, i mea e pili ana i ka ninini mai ma luna o ka pepa, no laila, e pono i ka hoʻoulu 'ana hōʻike. Akā, me ka peni mea inviolable, ka puke haule iho mai mai o na lima o ka haku mele, a me kona mau maka, ua ma luna o ka hau-uhi Mount Elbrus. Ma hope o ka hoʻi - Mashuk. ʻO kēia mau 'ikamu i lawe i ke ano kiekie: ma hope o ka hala ma mua - he mau loa aku. Ke'ī mai hookomo i ka nui Lūkini haku mele Lermontov ma Pyatigorsk. Photo o ke kia ma luna o ke kāʻei kua o ka mea inoa haumia Mountain no ka nui iauaeoia oo? Ecia hou i nā kiʻi o ka nani kuahiwi o ka Caucasus Mountains.

House ma lalo o ka pili wale kaupaku

Ma May 1841, makemake e pana aku au i kekahi mau mahina i loko o kou punahele Pyatigorsk, Lermontov hele mai i ka Caucasus. I kūʻia ma luna o kekahi mea, akā, 'ano maikaʻi malamaia hale, uhi me Kana, ma ka Sermon ma luna o ke alanui, ma na outskirts o ke kulanakauhale. Me ka hale nāna, i ka hoi ana Major-Platz VI Chilaev e hoʻokele i hele mai i kekahi aelike no na rubles 100 kala - muli o kona kulana he nui huina, akā, ka mea, ua 'ae' e haehae i ka hale no ke kau wela. Ma ia he hale ia i hookahi "noho" kona Pechorin, keia ia ka hale i ka hope honua noho ana o ka haku mele.

Ma hope o ka ona e Reuʻela,ʻo ia, lōʻihi ma mua o ka hale, e lilo ia i hale-iau o Lermontov ma Pyatigorsk manao iki e pili ana i keia hale. Pinepine hoʻololi ona, i kekahi o ia ma muli o kona hoʻoponoponoʻana o Kamehameha, ka 'ole hoomaka i nā e kū'ē. Ka mua mea i i ka na kamaaina, ka wā o ka make māinoino o ka'opi ua lilo loa ahuwale - ua hanaʻia a pili i ka paia mea hoomanao kinikini slab, i kēkahi a hiki i kēia lā. Ua like kekahi mau hua'ōlelo: "nā haʻawina, a hiki i kotorom zhil haku mele M. Yu Lermontov". Wale i ka 1922, ka hoʻonaʻauao Pyatigorsk Oihana hoopuka ia i ka pono o ka ona o ka hale. Iloko o ka makahiki, ka mea hiki ke alakai i ka mea kupono ano no ka iau.

I kēia lā ia mea kokoke i ke wale i koe kōna kia pili me Lermontov. Here,ʻaʻole wale nō i ka hale, akā, pau na hale i loko o ke kaiāulu i ke ala a pau i loko o 1841, - ka hanana hihia.

Mai Pyatigorsk i ka ohana ilina lua pao ma Tarkhany

Eia, i loko o ka hale ma lalo o ka pili wale hale, a lawe mai ma luna o ka ke anuenue Poalua July 27 ka lifeless kino o ka haku mele ma hope o ka Reuʻela,ʻo ia, ma keia hope aku ka mea i lawe mai i loko o ka hope, e like me ka mea i manaoio aku i ke ala a hiki i ka pā ilina Pyatigorsk.

Lawe mai Mihaila Lermontova kupunawahine, Elizaveta Alekseevna Arseneva, ewalu mahina ma hope o ka make ana o kana moopuna ia ia i kuai i ka pono a hiki i ka reburial o ka haku mele, a kaʻi aku i ke kino i ka ohana waiwai Tarkhany Penza'āina a pau, kahi a ka ohana vault i waiho mua i kona makuwahine, a me ka kupunakane. Akā, Lermontov iau ma Pyatigorsk hou pilikino e pili ana o ka haku mele, ka poe i hâʻawi wale i ka ekolu manawa wehe kaikamahine hanauna o ka Mikhail Yurevich - Eugene Akimovna Shang Giray.

Ke reburial i wahi ma May 5, 1842. A ma luna o ka mea mua halekupapau o Lermontov ma ka Pyatigorsk ilina Ua hoʻouka kekahi i ka mea hoʻomanaʻo plaque, a, e like me ka kia, a me ka hale ma lalo o ka pili wale hale, hele mai nui kânaka o kana hana.

Favorite wahi o Lermontov ma Pyatigorsk

'Aʻole wale nō ke kulanakauhale ia? Ea, i ka Hale eiiieaena, a me ka pā ilina ua kipa ma na mea he nui iauaeoia oo? Ecia ma Pyatigorsk. Aia nō kekahi nani wahi i loko o nā mauna, kahi koke ka haku mele makemake e e kahi Hiking Trail a alakai pono manawa. Mawaena o ka papa kuhikuhiE Hawaii - ka Grotto o Lermontov ma Pyatigorsk ma ka wini kakala o ka mauna Mashuk. Aia haku mele i kākau ai i loko o 1837, ka pena - "View o Pyatigorsk", a depicts ka wini kakala. He, ma Lermontov ka makemake, e lilo i wahi o ka malu halawai Pechorin a me Vera.

A 1831 ka mea, ua ka mau kuahiwi ana, a kaumaha nani loa manao o Pyatigorsk. A laila, Bernardazzi hoahanau (Johann a me Iosepa, i nā kūkulu) ua huli mai ia i loko o ka grotto, mau papa noho hoʻouka kekahi ma laila, a me ka hao kaola no ka mea,ʻikeʻia wale nō i loko o nā seventies o ka XIX kenekulia. Ka nou ana la o-hao plaque "Grotto o Lermontov" i kukuluia i ka 1961. E kiola aku mai o ke kulanakauhale, a me na kanakaʻaneʻi Lermontov wanaao ae, mai ka Hustle a me ka hī'ō.

"Pehea mea mele o koʻu'āina ..."

Lehulehu huakaʻi alakai makapo e e hiki, e kipa, a me ka Museum-Reserve Lermontov ma Pyatigorsk, a me ke kia, a me ka stele a hiki i ka pā ilina a me ka wahi o ka Reuʻela,ʻo ia ma ka wawae o ka mauna Mashuk. He nui i makemake e hele aku ma o ka haku mele i ka punahele wahi a puni ke kulanakauhale, i kahi o ua make pinepine hele. No laila, i hoʻokahi manawa i Leo Tolstoy, Sergey Yesenin, Vasily Shukshin, kokoke i ka hope maha wahi o ka nui kākau moʻolelo, haku mele a me ka artist like me kona kino makaikai.

No ka lama 'aneʻi i ka lā o ka hoomanao ana o ka haku mele - ma 27 Iulai. Pilipu iho la ka palapala, ai kāuʻikepili, kani Lermontov ka Verses. A he pinepine - kēia mau laina: "Pehea mea mele o koʻu'āina, aʻu i aloha i ka Caucasus!"