Ke kuhikuhipuʻuone eiiieaena "Kyiv pā"

"Kyiv pā kaua" - he luna 'o ka pakaua o ka Ukrainian kumukuai, i hanaʻia no ka umikumamalima kenekulia. Ua nā: o ka Hale o ka Apana o ke Kaua Honua mōʻaukala, ka mea kanu "Arsenal", Kiev-Pechersk Lavra, a me ka pūʻali o ke kūlana pale paia a me na laau Kiev.

Ka hanana kia

He ka aina o wale kia i ka pakaua o lakou a me kekahi o ko ke ao nei i ka nui loa na ipu pakaua mea i ola ai i ka keia lā. Akā, i ka mea i ike i kahi o ka Kiev pā kaua. Ua Ua Aia ma ka Halemai Moiwahine Street, 24a.

Aia i mau hoʻokō hou hulikoehana wā o Kievan Rus a me Scythian manawa. Iloko o ka aiiia i loko o ka luna 'Kyiv pā (Hawaii photo ma lalo nei) pu aloha, a hoala mai i ka? Aiina. Ma ke kapuahi lumi, a, aole ona lua i loko o kona acoustic waiwai, he wahine a me ka palapala, ai 'ahiahi.

I ka pā kaua o Kievan Rus: he mau mea, mai ka moolelo mai o

Mōʻaukala hoʻoikaika 'ana i hoomaka ma ka hopena o 5th kenekulia i ka papu, Aia ma luna o ka Old Kiev Hill. I ia manawa, ia i ka ikaika ma ka palisades, moats a me ramparts. Akā, Kiev lilo ma hope o ke kapikala o Kievan Rus, hoomaka ae la i ke kulanakauhale, e kūkulu i kekahi nenoaiu o ka pakaua. Nā māhele o ke kulanakauhale la kona mau pale nenoaiu. I ka 1240, ma hope o ka make, loaa e Batu Khan, dilapidated pakaua. Lākou hou kahua o ka? Acaeoey hoʻomaka i ka Polish-Lituania ka ikaika, ka wā kukulu ia i ka pā kaua (Lituania kākela) ma Horevitsa mauna. ʻOiaiʻo ia i loko o ka Lūkini moku'āina Aupuni ma Kiev i kukuluia na wahi paa o Pechersk i Khreshchatyk. I ka 1679 Cossack poʻe hao wale alakai e Samoilovych hui pu iho lua pao Starokievsky a me ka hoʻoikaika 'ana i, pela i hana i ka pono nui pā kaua. Pechersk Susana, ma ka kakahiaka umikumamawalu kenekulia, ua akoakoa pu hoʻokumu.

i ka luna '

Kiev pā, a ua aia i loko o ka Pechersk puʻu, ka loaʻa o ka papa kuhikuhiE eiiiiiaiou ekolu o ka pale: ka haukapila a me ka hoʻoikaika 'ana i Vasilkovskoe, e like me ka Susana. Ke kukulu o ka pakaua, a hoomaka iho la ma ka makahiki kakahiaka o ka umikumamawalu kenekulia, ka mea, ua ku pono ia i ka mea i ka Russian aupuni a pau i ka hoomakaukau ana no ka Great Northern War. Eia Kiev hōʻike 'like me ka ka papa kuhikuhiE KUMUMANAʻO NUI wahi. I ka 1706, ua hiki mai ia i ke kulanakauhale, Peter I, a ua loaa he wahi no ka mea hou pakaua. Ka loa kupono wahi huli puni o ka Kiev-Pechersk hoailona. I ka hookahi makahiki i loko o ke alo o ka Auguseto ua i ka oihana inception o ka pohaku o ka pakaua, i loko o ka wā e hiki mai, e lilo ia i bastion o ka Kiev pā mua. A ma ka keia manawa ma Kyiv pā kaua luna 'aae? Ka loa kūpono no iauaeoia oo? Ecia.

I na hoailona like me ka KUMUMANAʻO NUI'āina

Kiev-Pechersk hoailona, i ka papa kuhikuhiE Kora naʻEsau e hooikaika ana lua pao, i ole wae e iho. He mea, mai ka hoʻomaka o kona ola, he waiwai nui hale kiaʻi a me nā kūlana pale pā. Mai kaʻoihana ka mea, ua ikeia e ia i loko o ka 2nd hapalua o ke kenekulia umikumamakahi, i puni i ka hoailona ma ke palisade. I ka umikumamalua o kenekulia ka palisade i UAIAaIN ma ka pohaku paia, i ka 1240 i anaiia mai ai e ka Mongols. I ka makahiki kenekulia ka hoailona pa ia no i o ka lāʻau. It kekahi manawa paʻa i ramparts. No laila, i ka 1679 o ka poe kaua o Hetman Ivan Samoilovych puni ka hoailona kukulu ia embankments. He iwakālua nā makahiki ma hope, i ka hoailona e hoomalu ana i ke kiʻekiʻe loa paia me kekahi mau puka a me nā'īpuka a me elima hale kiaʻi, e like me me ka kūikawā'īpuka ekalesia. I ka lā, ua ola Ivan Kushnikov, Onufrievskaya, South a me ka pena i ka hale kiaʻi. I hoʻolako pono me loopholes bunk hale kiaʻi ma ka lokomaikai o ka pa. Kūlana pale pohaku paia, ma ka lalo o ka ma kahi o 3 mika manoanoa, i ke kiekie o kahi o ehiku mika a me ka 'ōleloʻoihana kia ke aupuni' ma luna o nā hale olelo. Ka mea, i ma luna o ka loko i i loko o ka palapala o arcades.

Ke kūlana o ka hoailona i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ka pakaua

Nolaila, i ka hoailona ma ka waihona ipu au Pechersk pā ua lawa ka ike loea pale nenoaiu. ? Ieoaeunoai bastionʻano lepo pā Ua pau i ka 1723 It i ka hoʻoikaika 'ana i loko o hua'ōlelo o ka hoʻopoepoe nenoaiu o ka pakaua. Ua nā 9 bastions, hoʻokahi polubastion Ravelin, pale a me nā mea. E like me ka hoomau ana make māinoino o ka haole 'uao, kākela mau koi i ka mālama' ana i ka pono hoomau, e like me kona modernization a me ka kūkuluʻana. Ma ke kanalima o ka umikumamawalu kenekulia, i ka pā kaua no? Ieoaeunoaa hana holo Bosquet, he koa lunaʻenehana. I ia manawa, ai ka bastions loaa konaʻikena inoa: Spassky, Pavlovsky, mea mahuʻi, Petrovsky, Semyonov, St. Andrew. A hiki i ke kakahiaka nui umikumamaiwa kenekulia i loko o ka pā kaua ma mua o hamama pakaua, i kūkulu kekahi mau 'ē aʻe loa nui hale, e like me Moscow a me Vasilkovsky puka pā, Arsenal House, he lepo lā Magazine, mea haʻilula keimikala Barracks. Ua haawiia i ka hana 'ia he i loko o ke ana o nā mea kaua, a me ka hoomahuahua i loko o ka loaʻa huahelu o ka pū kani ahi, i kūkulu ipu lepo Zverinetsky Opperman hoʻoikaika' ana o ka manaʻo, he koa lunaʻenehana. ¶ A hiki i ka Ewa o ke Kaua o ka 1812 ua hōʻike hewa e hoʻopale Pechersk hūlili.

Ieoaeunoai o hou iauaeoia o ka pakaua

Kiev i ole lilo kona koa a me ka KUMUMANAʻO NUI waiwai, a hiki ma hope o ke kaua. I ka makahiki 1830,, i aponoia e ka hou pā, a ua ulu Oppermann ke kumumanao. E like me ka pāhanaʻike i ke kūkulu o ka Haukapila a me Vassilkovsky pakaua. Ua ua i? Oaony e hoʻololi Pechersk Susana, i komo i loko o ka nohona ma nenoaiu o ka pakaua. A hiki i keia manawa, Kyiv pā (kiʻi hiki ke wehe i loko o keia 'atikala) e kaumaha ana i ka nana aku i kēia mau mea.

Kiev, hoomaka ae la ka hana o ka pakaua i ka makahiki 1831, ma hope o ka hoʻokumuʻo o ka ai-i kapaia o Vassilkovsky hooikaika, oiai o ka hana ia i pau ai i ka 1863. Ua oia o Ravelin me guardhouse, embankments, e like me nā hale kiaʻi ekolu. Cherepanov mauna hoʻoikaika 'ana i haukapila i kūkuluʻia i loko o 1842-1849 makahiki. Ua nā 3 guardhouse, Aia i loko o ka auwai, embankments, kēlā caponier,'ākau caponier he uuku uwapo, i ka haukapila, a he nui nā hale. ¶ A kokoke i ke kahawai i kūkuluʻia Klovsky? Iecaianoaaiiuo nā hālāwai hoʻonaʻauao mau hale kiaʻi, a me nā'īpuka Nikolaev a puni kaʻAʻole loa, a Near na lua i hanaia e kūlana pale paia.

Paa kuhikuhipuʻuone eiiieaena "Kyiv pā", i i paʻa i loko o ka sixties o ka umikumamaiwa ke kenekulia, oia no ka Haukapila a me Vassilkovsky pakaua Pechersk Susana hanaʻeliʻana Zverynets pakaua. Akā, me i ia manawa loa hana i ka ulu i ka pū kī, ka mea, o ka wā o ka papahana i ole hālāwai kāinoa mua ke kālā no ke pale koi. I 1871-1877 makahiki i ka pono, e update i ka pakaua i, e kukulu i ka pā kaua ma luna o ka puʻu.

Alaila, o ka Kyiv pā kaua like me ka papa kuhikuhi puʻukaua eiiieaen, kūkulu nui ma mua o ka hapalua o ke kenekulia. Ke kūkala nūhou maikaʻi mea i na mea he nui o kona hale i hookoeia mai ai i ka makana manawa.

ua hiki ke ola a manawa loko i ka mea i ka luna ' "Kyiv pā" me ka manawa lilo o ka puka mua KUMUMANAʻO NUI nui, he nui nui o ka pale 4 ma ka hanaiia'na mai o ka paʻa i nā hale.

Meaning pāpū ma ka moʻolelo Kiev

Ma ka mōʻaukala o ke kulanakauhale hapa o ka Kiev pā kaua kekahi henua. Ua aneane 70 makahiki o ka hana ana mai o ke koa i paa i hoʻomoana ai i loko o Pechersk ke hoʻopaneʻe 'ia ana i ka kivila hana o ka wahi. A, kona kūkuluʻia ua pololei e pili ana i ka kokololio kūpono 'ana vodogona, pōhaku lepo nā hale hana, e pili ana mea hoʻonui (Pankratevskogo, Alexandrovsky, Navodnitsky, Klovsky) a cobbled alanui, ka embankment o ke kuamoʻo, i ka mua paʻa uapo ma ka Dnieper. ? Iecaianoaaiiuo akamai ARSENALNY pā kaua,ʻo ka embryo o "Arsenal" mea kanu. I ka lā, i ka luna 'o ka hale o ka pā ua manaoia e ia i kekahi mau' iau i ka mōʻaukala o ka puʻukaua, a hōʻike i ke kūpono 'ana o ka pakaua manawa rifled a me ka smoothbore ka pū.

mau pāpū ma

Ke kahiko medieval hiʻona'āina a manaoia me he kūlana pale paia me nā hale kiaʻi. Ka mea, i aia a puni ke keena Lavra. No ka mea hope puʻukaua nenoai no bastion ipu pakaua o ka Susana, haukapila polygonal puʻukaua Vasilkovskoe hoʻoikaika. Kela ano keia ano o ka kūlana pale Barracks, Aia ma Pechersk, i loko ona iho e kû ana i nā hiʻona o Lūkini puʻukaua kula. I ua, e like me ka poe akamai, noho ma i ka nui i nā hana ma Europe i loko o ke kakahiaka nui umikumamaiwa kenekulia. Lysogorskaya hooikaika i hōʻike i nā 'ano o ka pā kaua outlying pakaua manawa rifled mea kaua. Kekahi hale o ka pā i 'ana ua hoʻopili i ka mōʻaukala o ka hoʻokahuli aupuni a me ka liberation ka neʻe' ana. Where kekahi manawa ua he pili aupuni o ka halepaahao "Kiev Shlisselburg" i loko o ka ke kanakolu o ka hope kenekulia wehe ae la i ka iau "kēlā caponier".

Kyiv pā kaua Museum i keia la

Kela a me keia makahiki, archaeologists loaʻa nā kūʻiʻo, mai ka mōʻaukala o ke kulanakauhale, a me ka pā kaua. 'O kēia kekahi o nā kumu i loko o ka keia manawa Kyiv pā - kekahi o ka loa pohihihi kulanakauhale Hale Hōʻikeʻike o Kamehameha. Ka loa hoihoi 'hehee ai o ka mea ua manaoia ia Diagon Caponier, i kukulu ia i ka makahiki 1844,. He He hale me ka manoanoa loa, pā pōhaku, o kona muli o ka pohaku a me na pohakulepo. Ma kona mau pā oä i ua waiho a embrasures no nā pū a me nā pū. E uhau ana no ka oluolu i maopopo kahi Caponier kahua kaua kau i ka huina i ke au o ka pakaua, nolaila kona inoa ikea. Mai ka outset, ka mea, ua pono no ka papaa o ka mea kaua, a me na mea kaua stockpiles. Akā, i loko o nā sixties o ka 19th kenekulia lilo i pili aupuni o ka halepaahao, i paʻa, e like me oe ke hai aku, i ka poe pio pili aupuni ma mua o ko lākou hoolilo i Lesogorskiy pāpū ma ka olokea.

I ka lā, kēlā Caponier ho kekahi o ka mea nui a me ka hoihoi 'oihana mua o ka Kiev pā kaua. Kaawale mai ona aku, i loko o ka hapa o ka Great Patriotic War Museum, Kiev-Pechersk Lavra, e like me na iauaeoia. Ka mea, hiki ke kipa ana ma Pechersk, i loko o ka luna ' "Kyiv pā kaua." Pehea e kiʻi i ka ike i kela kanaka keia kanaka ma ka kulanakauhale, a, e ake lakou ia oe: mai ka huakaʻi / alahao wahi i ku ai mai ka manawa e kiʻi ma luna o ke kaʻa'ōhua helu 14, kaʻa 'ohua helu 534 a hiki i ke kaʻa'ōhua hooki aku i ka inoa kūpono' ole kaʻa'ōhua. Mai Bessarabki a me na kanaka a 'Peace a me Solomyanki hele kaʻa' ohua helu 450.

Hale Hōʻikeʻike o Kamehameha

I ka guardhouse i mau Hale Hōʻikeʻike o Kamehameha i i hoolaa ai i ka mōʻaukala o ka pakaua. Interestingly, kekahi o ia mea ma lalo o ka honua. Poe hoaai, e hoohihia ai ia ia ma ka palapala huli i ka pio. Me ka loli ma ka mōʻaukala kulana home 'ole i nā loopholes a pau i, ua hoohuliia i puka makani me ka ike loea laina maka. Eia ka manawa e ike i ka hailona o ke kahiko mau ipu, palapala, na mea kaua a me ka pili ana o ka paahao ola a hiki i ka keia lā. I kekahi iau e nui mōʻaukala palapala a me nāʻaʻahu aliʻi, mai kekahi mau manawa.

I kēia lā Kyiv pā o kekahi o ke kulanakauhale loa enigmatic o Hale Hōʻikeʻike o Kamehameha, e like me kela makahiki, archaeologists loaʻa nā kūʻiʻo, mai ka mōʻaukala o ke kulanakauhale, a me ka pā kaua.

Ka iau haul

Nunui pohaku hale kiaʻi, a me nā puʻu kaua caponiers - ia hele 'ia mea i loko o ka kuhikuhipuʻuone luna' "Kyiv pā kaua." I ka polokalamu ana o nā hōʻike poe i ka ohi ana i mōʻaukala, a koa'āhihi i loko o Ukraine, Europe ka lua ohi o "Napoleoniana" pai ana mahele o ka UPR, a ia ia. Makhno. Pahi kaua, ihe, crossbows, a me ka gakovnitsy Chablis me ka lako a remarkably pono i loko o ka nohona ma nānaina o ka pakaua. Museum nā hōʻike i waiho i loko o nā caponiers e hai aku ana i ka mōʻaukala o Kiev, a me ka aina puʻukaua mai Tripoli moʻomeheu a me ka umikumamaiwa kenekulia, e like me e pili ana i ka mōʻaukala o ka noi o ka pā kaua? Ieoaeunoaa iauaeoia.