Ke Kula'Oihana St. Petersburg i kapa'ia ma hope o ka Lensovet: hō'ike, hō'ike, a me nā mea hana

I loko o ke ola o kēlā me kēia kanaka i kapa'ia ka hō'ailona, a me nā wahi ho'okipa paha. No ka theatergoers i kekahi o kēia mau wahi, o ka papa, o ka St. Petersburg KU¯ Kino o Leningrad City Aha. 'A'ole wale nā kama'āina o ke kūlanakauhale, akā, ua ho'ā'o kekahi mea māka'ika'i a huaka'i paha e hele i ka pā'ani ma kēia luakini o Melpomene.

Ke kenekulia hou - he mo'omeheu hou

Ma ka XIX mau kenekulia,'a'ole nui nā keaka'āina. Ma ke'ano nui, ua kāko'o'ia nā pū'ulu o nā mea ho'okani e nā mea kāko'o a hana'ia ma ka papa o nā keaka "home". Ua pani'ia ke komo'ana o ka lehulehu i ka ho'okomo'ana.

'O ka ho'omaka'ana o ke kenekulia 20. Ua hoailona'ia ka ho'omaka'ana o ka loli ma ke'ano politika wale nō. Ho'ololi'ia nā ho'ololi'ana i nā'enehana a pau - nā mea kākau, nā po'omana'o a me nā kākau'ōlelo, nā mea kākau mo'olelo a me nā luna o ka ho'omaka o ke kenekulia i mana'o'ia ke kuokoa a hō'ike i kā lākou ho'ā'o ho'okolohua i ka hale ho'okipa. Ke kū'ē nei i nā'oihana o nā ki'i hou,'a'ole ia he mea kupanaha i ka makahiki 1933 ua'ike'ia kekahi keaka ma St. Petersburg, i kapa'ia'o "New." Ma hope mai, ua hele aku ka pū'ali, alaka'i'ia e Isaac Kroll, i loko o ka Academic Theatre i kapa'ia ma hope o ka Lensovet.

'O ka Ekalesia Dutch

'O ka hana mua i hana'ia ma ka hale o ka halepule Dutch, aia ma Nevsky Prospekt. 'A'ole i loa'a i kahi halepule nā kūlana kūpono a pau e kau ai i ka hale keaka ma ia mea, a ma hope koke iho o nā hana mua loa, ua lawe koke ke ahi i ka hui holo'oko'a me lākou. I ka ho'omaka'ana o ka hale ki'i'oni'oni, kokoke i ka noho.

Akā,'o ka hana a ke alaka'i'o Kroll (haumāna o VE Meyerhold) ua ho'ohūhū i ka po'e a me nā mea hō'ulu'ulu. 'O ka mele hulala o nā mea hana i kū ma ke kumu o kēia halepule'o Melpomene,'a'ole i mālama'ia. Ua noi aku nā luna o ka hale ki'i'oni'oni a me nā'oihana i nā mana e kama'ilio i nā luna aupuni, a ma ka makahiki 1936, kapa'ia ka St. Théâtre Academic Theater ma hope o Lensovet i kāna hana ma ka hale kūkulu hou no nā hana ho'okani a Pavlova. Ma ke Ke'ena'o Trinity, ua loa'a hou nā ki'i o ka pā'ani'o Alexander Ostrovsky "Mad Money", mai kahi i ho'omaka ai ka mo'olelo o kēia hui.

I ka wā o ke Kaua Honua'elua, ua hō'ino nui'ia ka hale e ka pana pua, a ua ho'i mai nā mea'oihana mai kahi lō'ihi o ka Hikina hikina a hiki i kahi hale hou - kahi noho mua o Prince VP Golitsyn, a ua ho'ololi ka Lenatevet Academic Theatre i kahi'ōlelo iā Vladimirsky Prospect 12.

Meyerholdovshchina

I ka hala'ana o ke 30 o ka makahiki, ho'omaka nā ki'i ki'i e hakakā me nā mea'enela a me nā mea hana. 'O ka makemake e ho'onui, heluhelu i kā lākou hana iho i nā hana ma'amau i kēia manawa'a'ohe mea kānalua, akā, he mea kaulana loa. A laila, ma hope o ka loa'a'ana o ka inoa nui, "maka'u'o" Meyerhold "(kahi hua'ōlelo o ka inoa o ke alaka'i o VE Meyerhold) a hō'ole pū'ia ho'i. Hana'ia, e'imi ana i nā'ano hou i ka hana a nā kānaka,'a'ole i'ae a ho'omaha'ia ka'oia'i'o.

Ma keia pōʻaiapuni he kekahi mau hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni ma St. Petersburg. Kino Lensoviet - mea i koe. Ua ho'oku'u'ia ka luna po'okela,'o Isaak Kroll, mai kona kūlana. Ma muli o ka ho'oholo a nā po'o'āina o ka mo'omeheu, ua lawe'ia kona wahi e BM Sushkevich.

Un Unity of Education

He mea kūlana nui, ke kumu BM Sushkevich, lawe pū'ia me ia he mau haumāna puka mai loko o ke ke'ena ho'okūkū. Ma hope o ka hana'ana me AP Chekhov a me EB Vakhtangov ma ka Studio Studio o Moscow Theater, ke a'o pū'ana me Stanislavsky a me Solerzhitsky, ua mana'o'o Boris Mikhailovich no ka holomua o ka hui, he "one wave" (like E'ōlelo'ia inā). Ho'okahi wale nō ka'ike a me ke kumu o ka hana e'ae ai iā mākou e'ike maoli a hō'ike i ke'ano o ka hana o ka hana. 'O ia ka'ōlelo i lawe'ia mai i ka Academic Theatre i kapa'ia ma hope o ka Lensovet. Ua lanakila koke'o St. Petersburg i ka mea i ho'oma'ema'e'ia, nani a me ka manawa like'ole i nā ho'oholo o ka manawa o BM Sushkevich.

He'oko'a loa ia, akā me ke kuhikuhi pololei a kaulike i hiki ai ke hō'ike aku i nā mea a pau o ka hui. Ma nā hana a Schiller ("Maria Stewart", "'O ka Conspiracy o Fiesco ma Genoa")'o Nadezhda Bromley, ka wahine a me ka hui pū o Sushkevich e'ālohilohi ana ma ke kahua. 'O kēia wahine kekahi mea kākau a me ke alaka'i. Mahalo iā ia a me ke aloha, nā hana i loa'a i nā'enela ki'eki'e a me nā'olu'olu.

Ho'omaopopo i ka ho'ona'auao o nā kānaka, ka po'e pepeiao me ka pu'uwai'eha'eha, "heluhelu" ma ka "Kelemakua kahiko" (L. Rakhmanov), "Mieschans" (M. Gorky), "Mean" (Mol Mol). Ho'okumu wale'o Sushkevich iā ia iho ma luna o ka papahana a ho'okani i ke kūlana ko'iko'i ma ka pā'ani honua'o Matthias Clausen mai ka pā'ani "Ma mua o ka ho'omaha'ana" na G. Hauptmann. Ua kapa pono'ia ka pā'ani i ka mo'olelo mo'okalale'a e nā mea hō'ili'ili.

"Ka hana kaulike no nā koa"

'O ia me kēia'ano i kapa'ia ai ke Ke'ena Theater St. Petersburg i hope o ka Lensovet i'Okakopa i ka makahiki 1940 i kahi huaka'i lō'ihi i ka Hikina hikina. Ua loa'a ka lono o ke kaua i nā mea hana ma Khabarovsk. Ua mālama'ia ka huaka'i no 5 mau makahiki. Ma mua o ke kauwela o ka makahiki 1945, hana'ia ka hale keaka ma Siberia a me nā Urals, ka Hikina hikina a me ke Komohana. Ua'ike'ia he'ekolu 1,300 ho'okani a me nā'ane'ane 1,000 mau mele ma Frontier. Ho'okomo pinepine'ia nā mea hana i nā pūnaewele'oihana me ka hae umauma mua.

'Oiai, ma kēlā manawa pa'akikī, hiki i nā mea ho'okani ke hana wale i mua o ka po'e pepeiao, e kāko'o ana iā lākou. Akā, me nā mea a pau, ua ho'ololi hou'ia ke poho o ka Lensevet Theatre. Ua loa'a nā hana a K. Simonov, A. Korneichuk, V. Solovyov, nāna i hō'ike i ke ola o ka mua a me nā mea a ka po'e i koe.

Kahi a Akimov

Ma hope o ka make'ana o Sushkevich i ka makahiki 1946,'a'ole i noho nā luna i ka hale ki'i'oni'oni no ho'okahi mau lā. No kekahi manawa ua kapa'ia ka St. Théâtre Theater i kapa 'ia ma hope o ka Lensovet i nâ Nadezhda Bromley, i ho'okumu i ka Nora ma ke mele a Ibsen. He mea nui kēia i loko o ke ka'ina mele o ke kūlanakauhale. A laila,'o ke alaka'i ka mea kaha Galina Korotkevich. Ma hope mai, hele mai ka ho'onohonoho hou o nā mea a'o, a hiki i ka manawa i'ike'ia ai'o Nikolai Pavlovich Akimov i ka hale ki'i. Ua kipaku'ia'o ia a "lawe pio'ia" mai Comedy Theater no ka "formalism" a I. Kroll i loa'a ai.

Ua lawe'o Akimov i ka ea hou, a ua ola ka hui. Ma waho a'e o nā inoa inoa hou, i'ike'ia e ka lehulehu no ka'oi o ka hihi'o'oihana o ka mea ho'okani, ua'ike'ia nā hana hou:'o ka mele mua Soviet'o "Spring in Moscou",'o ka hakahaka Russian o ME Saltykov-Shchedrin a me AV. Sukhovo-Kobylin. Ua mana'o'o Nikolai Pavlovich'a'ole pono e poina nā hana'oihana, aia ma o lākou he mea hiki a he pono e ho'okumu i nā mea'ono a me ka'ike o nā mea aesthetics i ka mea nānā.

A i ka lā ahiahi o ka 20 o ka makahiki o ka pū'ali o The New Theatre, ua kapa'ia'o ia ka inoa o ka Leningrad Soviet.

'O ka Epoch o Vladimirov

I ka makahiki 1956, ho'i'o Akimov i kona mele Comedy Theatre, a ua pani'ia nā luna nui o ka Leningrad City Council ma mua o ka hiki'ana iā lākou ke "iho i lalo i nā kuleana." Akā i ka makahiki 1960, ua loa'a'o ia ka pou o ke alaka'i nui e Igor Petrovich Vladimirov. A'oi aku ka maika'i o ka noho o ka hui. Ua lilo'o Vladimirov i alaka'i no ka mea e kali ana nā mea ho'okūkū a kali.

E like me nā kumu a pau, ho'omaka'o ia ma ke'ano he mea ho'okūkū. Ma hope o kona hana ma GA Tovstonogov, ua ho'omaka'o Igor Petrovich e kōkua iā ia i ka ho'okūkani i nā hana a ho'onui i kēia'oihana. 'O ka ho'onohonoho'ia'ana o Vladimirova a me ka ho'ololi'ana i ka makahiki 1962 i ka State Academic Theatre i kapa'ia ma muli o ka ho'oholo'ana o Lensovet Alisa Freindlikh (wahine a Wladimir) i ka mana'o ho'ohālike o ka pū'ulu.

I kēlā manawa, ua'olu'olu ka luna ho'omana i nā hana pā'ani o kēia manawa, a ho'okomo i nā comedies haole a ho'ololi i ka nānā o ka po'e e pili ana i nā papa mele. Mai ka ho'okomo'ia'ana o ka "Threepenny Opera" ua loa'a i ke keaka ke'ano'oko'a, e hui pū ana i ka hi'ona, ka'imikalakala, ka pilina a me ka ulu. 'O kēia ke kumu o ka holomua lanakila he 40 mau makahiki.

'O ke kū nei

I ka makahiki 1999 i hala aku'o Vladimirov, ua lawe'o VB Pazi i kona wahi. He kanaka o ka mo'omeheu ki'eki'e loa, ua ma'alahi'o ia i nā'ano o ka hale ki'i. Akā'a'ole'o ia i hopohopo i ka ho'one'e a me ka ho'onui i ka pīpī me nā hana kūikawā'ole, akā nā mea nui loa o Bergman, Nabokov, Berberova. Ua kono'o Pazi i nā keu a me nā kālena'ōpiopio maika'i loa, no ka mea e hana mau ana nā hana i ka mana'o o ka mea nānā.

Mai ka makahiki 2011, ma hope o 5 mau makahiki pa'akikī ke'ole ka luna nui,'o Yu Andusov ke po'okela'oihana o "Lensovet",'o ia kekahi i lawe pū mai me Pazi. 'O kāna mau hana i ho'ololi i ka hale ki'i'oni'oni, akā ua kūpa'a mau'o ia i ka'uhane o ka hana'analima a me ka ikaika.