Life a me ka hana o Goncharova. hana Goncharova

Ma kona ano, Ivan Aleksandrovich ua loa okoa mai ka hapa nui o nā thinkers, hanau ke au o 60s,ʻeleu a me ka hana mikiʻala. Kona ola ua i ka puu o ka hana no ka manawa, me he mea ka flurry o ka lehulehu haʻawina, a me nā loli 60s ia ia i hoopa mai. Lehulehu, hoʻopilikia, impulsivity ano o ka mea kākau o kēia au, Ivan Alexandrovich auou caiaiai naueue ole, manao malu, naau kupono. Life a me kaʻike hoʻokumu Goncharova e komo i ho'ākāka 'ia i loko o kēia' atikala.

Chronological papaʻaina o ke ola

i makahiki

Chronological papaʻaina Goncharov Ivan Alexandrovich weheia 1812. Ia makahiki, ma Simbirsk, i hanau ia. Ivan Aleksandrovich no i ka poe kalepa i oiai ka intelligentsia ua pohihihi keia, koe nae, e like me ka mea ua hookuu poe i ka hanohano. Hoʻopuniʻia e ka mea kākau moʻolelo, akā naʻe, ua uuku maoli Kalepa, keia meakino mea kokoke i kanawai ma luna o kekahi o kona upbringing a me ka hoʻonaʻauao, a me ka puni kaiapuni. Makua Ivan Alexandrovich, make iho la i kakahiaka nui, ua loa waiwai, i 'ae' Goncharov ole hoola i na koina, a ola loa waiwai.

Simbirsk ia manawa i ka ohi ana o ka hapanui lāʻau, kahiko hale a me nā hale, akā, i ke kulanakauhale heluna ua i lehulehu loa. Ma keia wahi, ua ka mua he umi makahiki o ka ola o ka mea kākau moʻolelo. Ka mua ho okumu o Ivan Goncharov, kona Kawaihae a me ka hana i pili loa aku, ua ma ponoi ee hale o ke kulanakauhale, e like me ka pono me ka kūloko kahuna, i loaʻa i ke kula no nā keiki a maikaiʻohana. Keia keena hookipa, ka hale o Ivan Aleksandrovich ike i ka uuku waihona, a aloha e kali manawa heluhelu fiction Lūkini a me nā kākau.

Këia i loko o Moscow

I ka makahiki 1822, i ka makahiki o ka umi makahiki, e hoʻomau lākou mau haʻawina,ʻo ia i lawe ai i Moscow haumāna kula no ka hanohano. No laila, ke ola a me ka hana ana o Goncharov ka hele i loko o ka hou kahua o nā kikowaena nohona me ka ae o ka makua malama. Ia i kona wahi wale no i ke kauwela, Noho i ke koena o ka manawa ma Moscow. Here Ivan Aleksandrovich, i waena o nā mea a pau, iʻike i nā hana a pau o ka Farani mea kākau, a me kekahi o ka Romanov Ezhena Sua kona hiki unuhi i loko o Lūkini. An excerpt mai keia unuhi i paʻiʻia ma ka puke pai "Telescope" no ka makahiki 1832.

Ewalu makahiki o ke aʻo hala loa koke, me ka lawe ana mai i mau,ʻaʻohe kūikawā pomaikai a me kūikawā piʻi.

kulanui

I ka makahiki 1830,, 18 o kona mau makahiki, Goncharov ua hoomakaukau no kulanui, akā, i ka hoʻomaka o ke cholera, a me ka mea i paa, no laila, hana i Ivanu Aleksandrovichu ua wale ma ka hope, i ka makahiki 1831. Ma ka manawa, uaʻike nō ua mau 'ōlelo: ka' ōlelo Palani, Kelemānia, English a me ka Roma.

Ke kulanui ke ola a me ka hana ana o Goncharova, he ola nana i i ka mōhai i loko o kēia 'atikala, komo i loko o ka hou ke kahua. He hele haʻi'ōlelo Kachenovsky, Shevyreva, Nadezhdin Pogodin, Davydov a me kekahi poe e ae, a a laila, hoomanao ae la ia me ka mahalo. Goncharov ua he maikaʻi loa haumana. He kipa kokoke i nā haʻi'ōlelo molowa ole kākau no lecturers, hana i kāu haʻawina hoʻihoʻi. Ivan Aleksandrovich eschewed koʻikoʻi a hanohano. Ke kulanui Herzen a me Ogarev ana këia, akā,ʻaʻole pēlā i kekahi'ē aʻe āna i ole e halawai, a halawai me Lermontov wale hoolohe mai.

Chronological papaʻaina Goncharov Ivan Alexandrovich mau aʻe ka lā, June 1834, ka wā āna i hele ana i ka hope loa me kŰia, a haʻalele ia me kona kaikaina, ka home i Simbirsk. Life a me ka hana o ka bipi mea kākau e hoʻomaka i loko o kona'āina.

ma ka hale

Goncharov Ivan Aleksandrovich kākau ihola: "I Ua pio me mahu, hale pampering." Ma keia "nani Oblomovka" paʻa maikaʻi-hānai, pomaikai ke ola, i hahai i nā lā ma ka lā a me nā makahiki, ma o ka makahiki, uaʻaʻohe kekahi 'loli. Ka moku'āina Simbirsk aneane ikeia'ā'īʻoʻoleʻa lewa o Rotehama ka? Eia. Goncharov a pau ka makahiki e kau mai ana iluna, hana i kekahi mea i loko o pakahi. Kala a me ka pilina hanana hahai aku kekahi i kekahi. A hiki aku i ke kanaka opio i kekahi manawa, manao iho la e pili ana i ka wā e hiki mai, he mea ia ia e like me ka hana, akā, ka mea a pau manaʻo nō loa kahi loihi aku, a me wale i ka hihia o ka hōʻeleu i mea,ʻo ia ke aloha i ka hoʻomaka 'Goncharov (Kawaihae a me kaʻike hoʻokumu o nā makahiki o ka mea kākau moʻolelo i ho'ākāka' ia ma lalo nei) me ke Kiaaina o Uglich, kono aku la ia ia, e lilo ia i Kakauolelo ma kana oihana.

Mai keia wahi ma no Ivan Alexandrovich, hoomaka ae la na mau bureaucratic oaeouee, mai a he ole loa oluolu, akā, pono keia mau mea ka hoao ana a me Memories me ka nānā 'ole i ka bribery a me nā hewa luna. Photo Goncharova hōʻike mai iā ia ma lalo iho nei.

Petersburg. Ka mua ka palapala, ai hana

Kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao o ke ola a me ka hana mau Goncharova Petersburg manawa. Ma kekahi ka denunciation i ka 1835, ua hoʻomanaʻo aʻela Uglich mai o kona hanau Simbirsk, a hele aku la i St. Petersburg, a me ia, hele aku la, a Ivan Aleksandrovich. Here oia hui i ke Kuhina Waiwai i ka hana, i ka oihana o ka haole kalepa, mua me ka unuhi, a laila, i ka poo kakauolelo. Kona ala apuupuu, mālieʻole, Noord i keia hana, a ua ole kaupaona he ana clerical lewa ia e Ivan Alexandrovich.

I ka makahiki mua ma hope o kona hōʻeaʻana i loko o Petersburg i kona hoʻokoe manawa oia i unuhi Schiller, Winckelmann, Goethe, e like me English-pisataley novelists. Eia naʻe, ma kona hana iho iloko o keia manawa Goncharov Ivan Aleksandrovich i ole, manao no ia. kona mua kuokoa hana wale nō i loko o ka kakahiaka forties ikea. Aia ma lalo Hawaii photo Goncharov.

"Maʻamau Moʻolelo"

I ka 1847, ma ka 'aoʻao o ka "Contemporary" paʻi i ka mua puke ke keiki kākau moʻolelo, "maʻamau Moʻolelo". Ma keia manawa i ka mea kākau moʻolelo ua, ua 35 makahiki, ke ola a me ka hana ana o Goncharova ua komo i ka pae o ka waiwai nui.

Ua ua i ka moʻolelo o ka hoka, ka'opi o na manaolana o ka opiopio na haumana o okoa Oblomovok ka poe i akoakoa mai ana i ke kapikala a me ke souvenir, mai ka lede o ka naau, a me ka uuku ka leo o Schiller ma kona eke, he kūoʻo, pampered, pono-hānai. Petersburg koke iā lākou mai nā mea a pau illusion a me ka reverie, luku a pau manaolana, no laila, i kēia moʻolelo hiki ke kapa, a me ka "maa pōʻino."

Ma ka puke, maopopo lea i manao ai he biographical hehee ai. E like me ua ae ia e ka mea kākau ia ia iho, i kēia hana lewa i kona hana o ke ola, i ke au ia ia i ka moe, o ka Awaits huli i ka anu a me ka businesslike kūhelu. Ivan Goncharov, kona Kawaihae ua mōhai aku ai i kou noonoo, ua hele ma ka hou 'like me ka kekahi e Kahalaopuna ka protagonist.

Alexander Aduev, dreamy pilialoha i loko o ka'āina, he admirer o Schiller, blindly manaoio i ka mau loa aloha a me ke aloha, e hele mai i ke kapikala, St. Petersburg forties, mai ka malama mai o kona devotedly aloha makuahine. He moe i loko o ke aloha, akā, ke aloha e kumakaia ia ia, a me ka loli ke aloha. Mai ia Alexander mea ma ka manao. He hoi aku la a hiki i ka'āina,ʻo ia hoʻopoina e pili ana i nā mea a pau i ko lakou mau pono kīvila a me ideals a welau a i kona ola me ka waiwai wahine mare, respectable paunch a me ka maikai uku.

"Maʻamau Moʻolelo" Ua rewritten ekolu manawa, kona hanaia'na mea kākau pau keia la ma kahi o 5-6 makahiki ma mua o ka hana i paʻiʻia. Ua hele koke akula noonoo, a me Goncharov loaa iaia me he mea kākau moʻolelo. Au ia a hiki i kēia puke a me ke kaulana kālai'āina manaʻo kiʻiʻoniʻoni Belinsky, ka poe i aloha i ka hou loea mea kākau a me ka wānana i kona pomaikai.

I ka 1846, Ivan Aleksandrovich kino ike me Belinsky, akā,ʻaʻole hoopau ia ia, a me nā lālā 'ē aʻe o ka palapala, ai' p ÷ ai a me ka ole converged. A laila, i kēia Mug no i Nekrasov, pa pulehu, Turgenev, Botkin, Granovsky, Herzen a me na mea e ae.

"Ol '" Pallada "

I ka MH 1852, Ivan Aleksandrovich i ke kulana o Adimarala kakauolelo Putiatina hele aku ma luna o ka huakaʻi no ka Lūkini waiwai ma Amerika. Ke kumu o ke kipa ua e hoʻoponopono ai i ka oihana Kuikahi me Japan, i ka aina o ka mea kahiko i ka manawaʻaneʻane ike ole ia o ka poʻeʻEulopa. Travel mea kākauʻia nō hoʻi ia i ka paakiki manawa, ka oi aku o ka mau mahina o ka hoʻokele mua, - ka mea, heʻoiʻoi ho'āhewa wale neuralgia me headaches, a ma ke kāpena pinepine anu. Wale i nā, i kona hiki ana maʻEnelani, Ivanu Aleksandrovichu ua hiki ke hele a maʻa i ka meaola ola a me kona kūkulu i nā halelewa, ke anu a me ka noe, a haha aku i ka home. Ma waho aʻeo ia kūhelu māmala'ōlelo e hōʻike ana a me ka lono, i palapala mai ai i ka palapala, paʻiʻia ma "Sea ohi", i ho'ākāka 'ia ma kona mau nā manaʻo. Ma hope, i kēia mau palapala i hele mai, e holo ana hōʻike i kapaia "ol '" Pallada ", paʻiʻia i loko o nā puke.

Kēia hana i ua kaulana me kekahi o ka mea maikaʻi i loko o ka Lūkini moʻokalaleo o ho'ākāka hana. He hiki heluhelu nā mākua a me nā keiki, a me ka hoʻonaʻauao Malia paha. Ka puke wehewehe i ke ano o ka mea kela mea lahaʻole aina kipa ma ka moku, hoʻohālikeʻana haole noho pono me na kanaka o kona'āina hānau, he mea no hoi Humorous Episode. He uku i ka waiwai auhau i ka nani o kūloko ano, akā, no ke kiʻi i kona naau, ua kanaka maoli Landskap, a Goncharov, kona puke e olelo aku ai no ka mea kākau moʻolelo iho, mau hoomanao i ke aloha.

IA Goncharov, "Oblomov"

Novels Goncharova hoomau "Oblomov". Ke manaʻo i hele mai i ona lā i ke kākau hoʻi i loko o nā forties. A me ka prototype o Ili Ilicha ikaika paa ana ia i loko o ka luna nuʻukia. Lawe no ka like o ka mokuna mua o ka puke mua o "ol '" Pallada ", Ua ua kue i ka mumulu mai, i'ō, hoʻolalelaleʻia Pelekāne Lūkini keonimana, noho mālie a me ka palaualelo. Life Description keonimana ka mea i like loa me ke ano o Oblomov.

"Oblomov" - ia mea he hou ke kahua, a komo aku la i ke ola a me ka hana ana o Goncharova. Papaʻaina i kona Kawaihae a me kaʻike hoʻokumu mea i piha me ka hoomanao o 1857. Kēia makahiki i ka Holiday ma luna o nā wai o keia hana i, e hoʻouka hou aku au ma Kissingen, Hāpai hou i loko o nā forties.

Life a me kaʻike hoʻokumu Goncharova me ke kala ana i kēia puke wehe i ka hou ke kahua. Koke ma hope o ka puke o ka hana i ka waiʻona ma, ka mea, ua kamailio e pili ana a me ka hoopaapaa ana ma nā mea a pau o ka poe hoomoana. Elua o ka maikai kiʻiʻoniʻoni - Dobrolyubov a me Pisarev - Hoolaa "Oblomov" kona mau'ōleloʻano critiques. Paukū Dobrolyubova "He aha Oblomovism?" Oblomov i ma luna o ka par me nā meʻe loa kaulana o ka manawa - Pechorin, Onegin, Beltov, Rudin. "Oblomovka i kā mākou kauoha'āina" - kakau iho Dob, a equated i ka 'atikala a pau Lūkini intelligentsia i ka Oblomovʻano. No ka mea, ma Rotehama Alexandrovich Oblomovism - Ua kuhikuhi he palupalu, palaualelo ipu condoned e na kauwa. O ka holo ana, Dob i kaheaia ka iki walohia no kekahi i ka papa kuhikuhiE ano paha he Oblomovism i ka mau.

Pisarev i loko o kona 'atikala, ua uku i ka manaʻoʻike ano nui hou hoolohe, ana i kumumanaʻo ka kŘpuna hopena o ka noʻonoʻo apathy, kena ae la ma keʻano o ke kumu. Sam Goncharov kaulana i ka Pauku Pisarev - i ka maikaʻi o ka mea i ua palapala e pili ana i kona mau puke, e like me ia i ho'ākāka 'ia ma ka ka manaʻo pohihihi o keia seemingly kula haʻahaʻaa Oblomovka type na mea a pau. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, ka meʻe, e huli mai, ua he maʻi ke kanaka, e like Goncharov olelo mai. Oblomov maiʻaʻole e makemake i ka hana, a me ka hana i makaʻu, no ka mea, e hāʻawi mai iā ia physical ehaeha. A aole nae oia i kekahi manawa mea hiki ia e hana,ʻaʻole naʻe ma lalo o nā keiki. Olga e hoʻokele e induce ia ia i ka haʻawina, na hana.

Hero literally throbs ma ka hana ana Goncharova, koe, malia paha, o ka loa hou o konaʻaoʻao. He makau a pau: ona mau, ana, ma ka makani, aloha,'ē, nui hua'ōlelo. A me keia makau - he ano symptom o atrophy o ka makemake, ka noʻonoʻo, nā kīnānā.

Eia hou kekahi, Oblomov mea mau ma waena o nā e ku pono ana:ʻo ia i lawe mai i loko o ka kahiko Lūkini mika, a me ka lewa, maʻa i ka inaction a me ka hana maʻamau hālāwai me lākou mau mau manao wale. He lilo i kona wā kamaliʻi ma lalo o ka relentless, mindless e hoʻomalu i nā hoahānau, e like me sluggish a me OE me ia mea.

Uaʻauʻau a me pampered, imi e uhi i nā impulses o ka hana a me ka playfulness, ma kona ano maoli no i ka manawa'ōpio wale nō, like hoʻi me lanakila a me ka uku hoopanee i loko o kekahi mea a pau. Na hua o ka hoʻonaʻauao 'ana i ike - palaualelo, aponoia kona lōʻihi palapala, e like me ka makau o kekahi loli a me na koi ana o ke ola.

Kēia maʻi, e like me Goncharov, ua uhukiia ma ka pau ana o Lūkini ola a me ka mōʻaukala. Ma keia hoohalike, Oblomov i keʻanoʻoiaʻiʻo o ka aristocratic Lūkini mālama '-mihi manawa. Eia naʻe, hiki ke kuhi ana ma hope o ka abolition o serfdom, ua loli ai dramatically ka pilikia? Au, ua make Ilya Ilyich?

No, ia i hiki ole make. I mea aha kēia puke manawa, e like me ka manawa, noho pili.

"Oblomov", maopopo e like me ka hōʻikeʻana i puke satirising gentility a me Lūkini palaualelo, ua he nunui holomua hale waihona puke. Goncharova i hoʻohālike me Gogol.

Hoi ana mai o ka huakaʻi a puni ka honua, Ivan Aleksandrovich hoi aku la i kona aupuni i hoʻokumu ', e hana ana i loko o ka hookahi Oihana o ka haole kuai i loko o ke kia-manakia. Akā, koke, i ka makahiki 1858,ʻo ia hoʻolālā i loko o ka censorship oihana o ke Kuhina Hoʻonaʻauao. I ka 1862, ua lilo hoʻoponopono nānā mai laila "North Mail", ka kūhelu puke pai. Goncharov i mālama ai i loko o ka oiaio, a ua loaʻa nui ka pomaikai ma ka hana: ka mea i hoalaia mai kekahi mau manawa ma ka oihana - mai ka censor a hiki i ka papa kuhikuhiE hooponopono hoa o ka Press.

IA Goncharov puke "ka pali"

Novels Goncharova ka paʻi o "Oblomov" 'Aʻole i pau i laila. I ka makahiki 1868, i ka Magazine "KA LAHUI o 'Eulopa" hele mai i kona pili ma hope o "Oblomov" puke - "Open". Ua Ua hapai ae aneane ka poʻe me "Oblomov", akā, e kākau i kēia paukū e pili pū Goncharov i oi aku mamua o 20 makahiki! I loko o kēia mau makahiki, ka mea i UAIAaIN ma ke pau ka hanauna, he okoa ka'āina. Pouli wā o ka noho alii ana o Rotehama I, Rusia hoʻoneʻe i ka hou a me ka hou. Akā, I nānā Goncharova Ua nō e nānā ana i ka hala, mai a ia i unuhi ae la oia i kona mau kiʻi a me nā huapalapala. Noʻonoʻo loi i i mahalo i kēia puke, nō paha kēia ka pilina i ka maopopo 'ana o ka manawa, ua ikea ka wā. Ma keia manawa i ka mea i paa Hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo puke "Contemporary" a me ka "Lūkini hua'ōlelo", a me ka noʻonoʻo loi ua lilo kona maikai Poeikohoia, me Pisarev. "Notes o ka Fatherland" Ua naʻe i loaʻa kona mau wawae. I journalism Ua Kīwala'ō ma ka haunaele i loko o ka naau a me kino i ka. A koke, i loko o kēia mau popilikia manawa ua hanau he hana imbued me ka kekahi Outlook ma luna o ke ola, a ua hiki ke olelo aku, e nana optimistic ... Goncharov ke hoʻomaopopo iho i nā mea a pau kahiko ikaika, ola a me ka maikaʻi,ʻo ia manaolana e hoʻokuʻikahi i ka mea kahiko i ka mea hou. O ka holo ana, oiai ia he oihana hiki ole i n.

E ka i aku nei au i kekahi mau olelo e pili ana i ka Central huahelu elua o ka puke - Edena, a me kona kupunawahine. Paradise ua e kaua ana i ke kahiko o ka papa, no ka palupalu, akā, hiamoe ma luna o ka nohoʻana ma kahi moe, a me ka mea e hoole mai oe i kekahi mea, a hiki Egorka pela, e lawe aku i kona nā kamaʻa puki. He ola nō ia ma ke au o ka serfdom, a kaua aku ia wale nō ma ka hua'ōlelo wale nō,ʻaʻole i kākoʻo 'ia e ka hihia: wale hoi, a kuka i kona kupunawahine i noa ai na serfs, akā, i ka i loko o keia hihia, aole makemake ole e intervene, e like nae ka mea a pau ia ia. Kēia ka hoʻokūoʻo He loa typical, ano no ka mea a pau ana i Lūkini ke kaiāulu i kekahi pilikia manawa, like no kekahi malumalu wā.

Kupuna wahine mea nui busily me kana moopuna ia. Ua olelo i ka'ōlelo o ko lākou mau kūpuna, olelo, i na olelo akamai, kahiko akamai. Ma keia obsolete ka naauao ka mea, ua nānā akula au i nui aku hoohalike ma mua i loko o ka paradaiso. Ua ua he kokoke loa, paʻakikī, moekolohe wahine,ʻaʻole e aloha e haawi aku ai, aole nae i ka naʻau a me ka naauao pinepine ia Paradise pono. Eia naʻe, hoʻowahāwahā kona manao pono a me ka manaoio ka mea, ua pono ia, ia mea no i rejection o ka hou manene. Aloha, ia mea he elemakule, a me ka hou makaʻu, akā, emi iki mahope o ia iā ia e like me ka pono.

No laila, ma ka puke holoʻokoʻa lawe ia wahi i kēia theme like: ka paio e obsolete i ka mea hou. Goncharov aole i ku i ka hoomalu ana i kekahi o na aoao elua, ka mea imi wale i kā lākou hoolaulea a me ka hui ana.

Ka hope makahiki o kona ola

Ivan Aleksandrovich, o ka papa, i hewa, i mea like me ka puke. Ma ka manawa ana i ua kokoke 60 o kona mau makahiki, a ma hope, ua nui ka palapala, ai ka lanakila. Ma hope iho o ke kala o ka "pali" Goncharov loa kākaʻikahi hōʻike ai i ka lehulehu a me ka uuku ua palapala. Mawaena o kana mau mea hou i na hana e nā "ka palapala, ai Ja", "zillion ehaeha", "Notes ma o ka wahine paha, o Belinsky," "Maikaʻi ka lohi ma mua loa", "kauwa", "Memories".

Ole punahele keiki, maʻi, a hookokoke ana aku elemakule ia ia i ka maaweawe a me ka hoopauia alakai. I ka makahiki 1873, i ke ano o ka mau, Goncharov hoi apuepue ke hoʻomanawanui hou aku kanaha makahiki o ka hana ma ka liʻiliʻi loa hoʻokahi maikai iaiyoe. Eia naʻe, ma hope i ka mea i destined i Ivanu Aleksandrovichu noho no aneane 20 makahiki. Friends ka mea, ua haʻalele i ka iki nui kokoke loa, oia kākaʻikahi loaa malihini, a kamaʻilio somehow reluctant. Ma nā makahiki, Ivan Alexandrovich Hoʻoʻeha maila ola pilikia me, a me Goncharov make o pneumonia ma 15 September 1891 makahiki.