Lōʻihi-huahelu maunakea Rusia: mōʻaukala a me ka ano o ka mokulele

Lōʻihi-huahelu maunakea Rusia ninoaaeyao i kūikawā wahi i loko o ka poʻe kaua o ka Air, a me nā kaʻakālai nukelea koa o Rusia. Aha, e kauoha aku hoʻohana mea e kamaʻilio i ka hana ana a me ka KUMUMANAʻO NUI pilikia ma ke Melia a me ka kai koa o onei.

Mōʻaukala o ka Lūkini lōʻihi-huahelu maunakea

I ka moolelo o Lūkini lōʻihi-huahelu maunakea originates 12/23/1914, ka wā Emperor Rotehama II palapala i ka olelo paa e kukulu i ka honua ka mua eha-engine mokulele o ka squadron, i i kapaia "Ilya Muromets". Ka mea, ua ke ao nei ka ho'āʻo mua, e hoohui i ke kaumaha kūlana Bombers. He lilo i squadron luna koa M. V. Shidlovsky, ka poe i hui ka air max o ka 'Oihana Moku. I ka manawa,ʻo ia ua i ka hope Luna hoomalu o ka Lūkini-Baltic carload hola, kahi ia i hua mai i ka lewa mīkini "Ilya Muromets".

Iloko o ka First World War, mau loa-huahelu maunakea mokulele Rusia i oi aku mamua o 400 hakakā poe mikanele, me ka bombing o ka nui KUMUMANAʻO NUIʻenemi iauaeoia a me ka wahi pūʻali pahu lepo koa. I ka 1917, i ka squadron oia o eha koa naehana a hoohana ae la o oi aku iwakalua hi. Ua nalowale ka manawa a pau o kekahi wale mokulele hakakā ana.

Ka hooulu ana o ka lōʻihi-huahelu maunakea i loko o ka USSR

Ma September 1917, i luku aku i ka squadron o Bombers. Mokulele wale ke ahi, no laila, ka mea i lawe ole mai ai i ka enemi. Lōʻihi-huahelu maunakea Rusia, hoomaka ae la e hoʻomaha hoʻi ma hope o ka OctoberʻOiʻenehana. 22.03.1918 Ua puka mai ke kānāwai o ka 'Aha o People ka Commissars, i haawiia keia i ke kukuluia'na o ka Northern Group airliners "Ilya Muromets" ikaika o ka 3 koa naehana.

Kekahi qualitative kahua o ka? Acaeoey o keia kahua o ka maunakea i hele mai i loko o ka ke kanakolu o ka iwakalua kenekulia. I loko o kēia wā, ke keiki Lūkini koa mākaukau me ka hope Honolulu kaa mokulele akamai Tupolev a me Ilyushin. Mai ka lā mua o ke Kaua Honua II Lūkini mokulele mamao ana hana hakakā poe mikanele hohonu ma hope oʻenemi laina, mea i i ka invaluable na makana i ka lanakila nui maluna o ka enemi.

Ma ka postwar makahiki, i ka ulu ana o ka KUMUMANAʻO NUI aeronautics ua hiki i ka hou ke kahua. Ma ka lima i hoomaka ai e loaa hou airplanes "Li" a me ka "IL", i kēia manawa lakou i ka mainstay o ke kēia lōʻihi-huahelu maunakea o ka Russian Hui.

"Ilya Muromets" - o ka honua ka mua KUMUMANAʻO NUI bomber

Ka honua ka mua bomber Ua hoʻololi i me ke komo 'ana o nā poʻokela mokulele Hookah I. I. Sikorskogo. Place o ke kumu "Ili Muromtsa" - Russian-Baltic carload hola. I ka manawa mua i ka mokulele i ai i ka hanini 12.10.1913, ka mokulele a 1918 hua mai nā pāʻoihana ma ia wahi ka hoʻololi 'ana. Iloko o ka First World War, na machines 23/12/1914 "Ilya Muromets" Ua hoʻohui a hoʻopaʻa i loko o ka hookahi squadron - ka honua ka mua ami hakakā mokulele. I mea no ke aha la ma December 23 i loko o Rusia ua kaulana i ka lā o ke kaawale ana o mokulele Russian Air Max.

Airplanes "Ilya Muromets" Ua hoʻohana like Bombers, hoouka paha kiu. Pōkā pahū leho hiki e waiho nā loko, a ma waho, hoʻopapakū ma ka fuselage. lolouila srabatyvatel a ewalu mīkini pūkuniahi i kau aku i ka pale aku i ka enemi mokulele? ac? mua, a hoʻohana 'ia e hookuuia lele. I ka pau ana o ke Kanawai War, i hoʻohana 'ia i ke koena Kekoa no ka hoʻolālā o-Holland a me ka ohua kalepa ae la lakou ma ke ala Moscow -ʻaeto - Kharkiv. Mokulele "Ilya Muromets" e hiki aku i kekahi i kā mākou ka mämä holo o ka 130 km / h. Lākou kiʻekiʻena palena i 3200 m, holo loihi - mai i 560 ei, a ua ma kahi o 4,4 hola ka i kā mākou Hotele manawa.

Ka pelane "TB-3" - o ka mua Soviet lōʻihi-huahelu Bombers

Ka hooulu ana o ka mea mua Soviet lōʻihi-huahelu bomber hoomaka i ka makahiki 1925. Kela manawa, i ka 1930, i kona prototype, a i ka huna ia "puamauu-6", i hiki i na lani. Ka mua pūkaʻina mokulele "TB-3" i kona mahuka i ka 1932. Mau mokulele Ua hoʻohana like Bombers, koa amo a me ka pae hana.

Kākou mau machines "TB-3" Ua hoao aku au ia lakou iho i kāna hana e lawelawe koa i loko o nā'āina'ē. I ka pau ana o 1930, e pili ana i ka hooulu ana o ka lewa pale a kinai mokulele, machines obsolete, a ma ka 1938 lākou? Iecaianoaaiiuo malie iho la. I loko nō o kēia, i ke kaʻakālai mokulele "TB-3" e hana hakakā poe mikanele o ka wā o ke Kaua Honua II.

No ka mea, a pau ka manawa? Iecaianoaaiiie o ka oi aku 800 mokulele o likeʻole ka hoʻololi 'ana i i. Oia ka mīkini i he? Ienoai aa oaoieei-ano: kona i kā mākou mämä holo i 380 km / h, wae i ke kiekie, ke hiki mai i ka 7000 m + i loko o kona huahelu o ma kahi o 3 tausani Km.. Ka pelane "TB-3" ua hiki ke hoopaa mai i ka 2 tona o ka pōkā pahū 'āhewa' ana.

"IL-4" - i ke kumu o ka lōʻihi-huahelu maunakea i loko o ka Great Patriotic War

Lōʻihi-huahelu Bombers, codenamed "CDB-26" hoʻomaka e e hoʻomohala i ka CB S. V. Ilyushina ma ke kakahiaka nui 1930s. Ke prototype mua lele i ka 1935. Ua i i ka paa metala no? Ieoaeunoaa me ka duralumin cantilever mau eheu. Ke fuselage i ka Hoʻoponopono shape a i ka'ololaha kea pauku. Ka laulā Kānana prototype ua mai i 3 tausani. Km. Ka luina oia o ekolu pailota, a me ua poe kona kūlana pale armament ka ekolu mīkini pū. Laʻana h ÷ ike i wahi i ka 1936, a me ka nuipa a? Iecaianoaaiiie i ua E ke Kumu ma 1938. kēia mau machines i hou kiko'ī, hiki ka mämä holo o ka mai i 445 km / h. Pōkā pahū haawe ua 2,5 tona, i hoi hou kūlana waiwai o ka mokulele. Imi Russian lōʻihi-huahelu maunakea, "IL-4" no ka wikiwiki a me ka holo huahelu e noho ana i ka mea maikaʻi i loko o ke ao nei i kekahi manawa.

Nō hoʻi, no ka mea, o ka Air Max o ka Moana ma ke kumu o ia ka mīkini i hana torpedo "DB-3T" ua manaoia, e luku aku me Mokukaua pale kaua a me ka hoʻouku fairways. Mokulele "DB-3T" lilo ka mua Lūkini nuipa ÷ e hiki hana i kekahi mau oihana i loko o ka wahi.

I wwii mokulele "IL-4" i ke kumu o ka Lūkini lōʻihi-huahelu maunakea, e hali ana mai kaua ma luna o ka hohonu hope o kaʻenemi, me ka koa echelons lako a pan a me Airfield. No ka mea, a pau ka manawa? Iecaianoaaiiie i hoʻokuʻuʻia aku ma mua o 7 tausani. Okoa wale nō o ka kaʻao bomber.

"Li-4" - o ka mua Lūkini ea lawe o nukelea mea kaua

Koke ma hope o ka pauʻana o ke Kaua Honua II Lūkini mokulele mamao haʻalele me ka mea machines. Ma ia manawa, "IL-4" Air māhoe-engine moku ua paupauaho lākouʻanoʻenehana puke kūpono. Pili i ka ninau o pili ana i ka houʻano o KUMUMANAʻO NUI bomber. A i ka pelane "Li-4" - kuʻe mīkini, a mea he hakuloli kope o ka US ea hakakā moku "B-29".

Kēia bomber i mua i ka hanini hoʻi i ka makahiki 1947, a ma ka lewa o ka pelane, hoomaka ae la e kahe ana i ka 1949. ka ulu ana o ka hoopuka ana o ia mau machines i ka aina he laekahi mokulele, a lawe mai la i ka houʻano o Soviet alakaʻi i loko o KUMUMANAʻO NUI maunakea. "Li-4 'i kekahi i kā mākou ka mämä holo o ka 558 km / h, i ke kiekie o ka Kānana 11 i 200 m + i 6200 m + huahelu. Oia ka mīkini i ka hou koa. More ma mua 11 nā kana o ka payload ke lawe ma luna o ka mokulele Russian Air Max. Lōʻihi-huahelu maunakea kuai i ka hou hanana ka Luna me ka hiki, e lawe ma luna o kona papa o nukelea mea kaua e like me "RDS-3."

"Li-16" - o ka mua mokulele hēkī airliner ka Lūkini lōʻihi-huahelu maunakea

"Li-16" o ka mua Lūkini KUMUMANAʻO NUI mokulele loa-huahelu mokulele me ka mokulele hēkī engine. Hana o kēia mīkini - ka pāʻoihana o nā kaʻakālai Pahuhopu. Design nā kānakaʻenehana Tupolev hoomaka hana ma ka hanaiia'na mai o ka mokulele i ka makahiki 1950, a ua 27 April 1952 ka mua prototype i ai i ka lani. I ka pau ana o ka makahiki i ka mokulele ua hemo aku i loko o nuipa a? Iecaianoaaiiuo. Kaho "Li-16" no ka manawa mua hui i ka poʻe kaua o nā kaʻakālai maunakea i ka makahiki 1954

I ka manao o ka mokulele wehewehe aku ma ke alo o ke kahili ae iwaena konu o ka'ēheu a me ka huelo o ka ia shape. Ke fuselage o ka mokulele oia o elima compartments, a mai ka hoʻopoepoe keʻa pauku. bomber kāpena wehewehe aku ma ka kiʻekiʻe ano hoopono, ua māheleʻia i loko o nā compartments a me ka ikaika ka mea nāna aniani a me aiiay papa. mokulele luina oia o eono poʻe hoʻoholo moku. I ka papa kuhikuhiE kiko'ī o ke kaʻa, he mau turbojet mea hoʻonoho o ia wahi ka hoʻololi 'ana. Bomber ke lawe mai i ka 9 tona o ka hopeʻia i i waiho i loko o ka hookahi pahu. No hoi, "Li-16" hiki kahiko mau lāʻau eheu Kao lele lako kaua e like me "cs-1".

Model "Li-16" Ua huli mai e e aiʻana i ka mea, hoomaka ae la e paka ma muli reconnaissance pelane "Li-16P" moku-tankers "Li-163" a me ka mea mua Lūkini mokulele Kao lele lako kaua eiiieaena "Li-16K-10." Nō hoʻi, i kēia bomber ua ka prototype no ka mokulele hēkī ohua mokulele "Li-104", i hoomaka i ka paka i loko o 1964. Ka mua Russian KUMUMANAʻO NUI rocket pelane "Li-16" ua manaoia e e loa-olaʻana wahi lulu, a na mokulele. Ua Mamao aku mai ka hana i ka 1994 wale.

"Li-95MS" - i ke kumu o ka Lūkini lōʻihi-huahelu maunakea

"Li-95MS" - he kaʻakālai Lūkini lōʻihi-huahelu maunakea mokulele papahana no ka Kao lele lako kaua me ka pōkā pahū pepehi iho at ia i wahi mea i kekahi manawa o ka lā nānā 'ole o ka nana ana. E hana ma ka manao o ke kumu o kükohu moku "Li-95" hoomaka ma ke kakahiaka nui 1950s. I ka makahiki 1956, ka mea mua? Iecaianoaaiiie mokulele komo hana ma ka hua'ōlelo o ka lōʻihi-huahelu maunakea.

Aie i ka mea kokololio hou-lako a pan o KUMUMANAʻO NUI aeronautics United States, ka Lūkini aupuni nō ma luna o ka paa ana o ke kālā no mokulele i hiki ke paʻi me ka maunakea Amelika. I ka 1981, i ka Lūkini lōʻihi-huahelu maunakea pili ana i ka poʻe kaua o ka modernized mokulele "Li-95MS".

I keia la, i ka papa kuhikuhiE engine lōʻihi-huahelu mokulele mea he Russian Air Max vysokoplanom me ka eha turboprop kiko'ī, a i aia ma luna o nā'ēheu o ka pua-hoʻokino. Ka moku Ua lako pono me ka palena pau kapa huahelu ma i ka ao ka i loko o ke alo oʻaoʻaoʻelua hui eha-ke kōmi 'propeller. Ka luina kāpena o Nyos i loko o ka mua, fuselage, ka mea, ua pau silaia. Aia Ua hoi he galley a me ka 'Ia.

Kao lele lako kaua ua lako pono ia me ke kālā no Radar pono, "Overview," ma-papa pale eiiieaen, a loaʻa ka polokalamu Aey? Acaeoey o Lūkini koa nā kānakaʻenehana, e like me nā mea kaua a me ka kūpono 'kūlana pale. Ma ka manawa o ka Russian Air Max he 60 mokulele "Li-95MS" o ia wahi ka hoʻololi 'ana.

"Li-160" - "White Swan" Lūkini lōʻihi-huahelu maunakea

Mokulele "Li-160" mea he laekahi supersonic Kao lele lako kaua nā moku halihali mokulele. Ma ka naʻau o ko lākou mau manao o ka wehewehe ana oia i anahonua o ka'ēheu. Mau elele o ka Lūkini lōʻihi-huahelu maunakea e loli nui Pahuhopu o nukelea mea kaua o ka enemi, a hiki i ka hohonu ma ke kua o ka enemi laina me ka Hawaiian koa o onei.

E hana ma o ka hoʻokumuʻiaʻana o ia ke kaua mīkini hoomaka i ka 1975. Nā kānakaʻenehana Ua hoʻololi i Tupolev supersonic KUMUMANAʻO NUI bomber. E like me ka hopena, "Li-160" Ua hana - cantilever monoplane me ke kiʻekiʻe kēia lākiō hiʻohiʻona eheu, kahi he mau eha mana mea kanu. mokulele manao e leie aku oe i kau a pau Kao lele lako kaua me ka pōkā pahū armament i loko o ka ia i loko o compartments. mokulele moa - eha pailota, a hoakaka pressurized kāpena i loko o ka ihu o ka bomber.

Ka mua ho'āʻo de i hoomaka ma ka 1981, a ma ka hope o ka 1980s, hoomaka ae la? Iecaianoaaiiuo machines e hele mai i loko o hana. I ka lā, i ka mokulele "Li-160" i ka maikaʻi loa lele hana hoʻohālikelike i global na¯. ʻO kā mākou ka mämä holo o ka mīkini ma ke kiekie o i ka 2000 km / h kokoke i ka honua - 1030 km / h. Mea hiki kiʻekiʻena palena e hiki 16 km Ke holo huahelu -. To 13.200 mika ma ka Lūkini lōʻihi-huahelu maunakea armament ninoieo o 15 hi. Ka mea, i kapaʻia ka "White Swan".

I ka 2014, ka aina kaulana i ka nui lā - 100 makahiki o Lūkini lōʻihi-huahelu maunakea. ka mea, ua palapala ia ma lalo nei i loko o hou au mamuli.

Day lōʻihi-huahelu maunakea Russian Air Max

Holiday lā no ka Lūkini lōʻihi-huahelu maunakea pailota, he 23 December. I ka makahiki 1999, i ka mea a ka luna o ka Russian Air Max Anatoliya Kornukova lā i ho'ākāka 'loa-huahelu maunakea ma Rusia. Ka lā December 23 mea,ʻaʻole he kaulele koho. Ia ia lā, i ka mua ea squadron "Ilya Muromets" Ua hana i ka 1914.

2014 ua ka lā hoʻomanaʻo - 100 makahiki lōʻihi-huahelu maunakea ma Rusia. Ma keia manao, he ua ua nui kūikawā wā. An nui hanana ma ka hookahakaha o ka centennial i ka loaʻa mai o kekahi mau mai o kia hoʻomanaʻo i hoolaa ai i ke kumu nui ma ko mana o ka Air Max. Komo i loko o kēia kaʻina ua hookama a me ka Papa o Veterans o Lūkini lōʻihi-huahelu maunakea.

ka hopena

Currently, lōʻihi-huahelu maunakea i loko o Rusia, i ke aloha i kona Service i ka Fatherland, i na pono i ke kapa i ke kumu nui ma ko mana o ka Russian Air Max. He pa alima mea he nui KUMUMANAʻO NUI hookoe o ka High, e kauoha aku. Air poe, i hiki ke hoʻoponopono koa hana, nānā 'ole o ka Geographic wahi o kaʻakālai e hoopii mai ai, ia mea he mamao Lūkini maunakea. 2014 ua ka iubile makahiki no keia Air Max huahelu. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, i ka wā o ka aina kaulana 100 makahiki mai ka hookumu ana mai o ka lōʻihi-huahelu maunakea.