Luminous koko - He aha ka keia?

I ka mana o hiki malamalama, a ua oaeuiinoe ma ka waiʻona ma o ka maka kanaka, a ua anaia mai ka manawa i loko o lumens - malamalama auaiaea. 'O kēia ka ikehu e hāʻawi mai i kekahi malamalama kumu.

ke kōā

Ka ikaika o ka malamalama kumu hele ma ka hawewe electromagnetic a ale. Luminous koko - ka mea, o ko lakou uku, a haawi mai 'ike e pili ana i ka mana o ka glow o ke kahi. Ikehu malamalama hawewe ke kanaka maka perceives okoa. Ke kōā o ka 0,55 microns i loko o ka launahele ano ua ike nui aku ka ikaika ma mua o loko o kaʻulaʻula me ka lōʻihi o ka 0,63 microns. Ma ka laulā o ultraviolet, a he pāhawewe i powerless ko kakou mau maka.

Ia mea ke kumu o nā 'ano o ka ke kōā o ka luminous koko mea ai nui. E noonoo pono i ka susceptibility o ka maka ma ka summing hawewe, ua loaa i ka normalized cia. Luminous koko - o ke kūmau mana o ka radiant ikehu, a ua oaeuiinoe no a hiki i ka waiʻona ma o ka malamalama. E koho i kahi o ka malamalama ikehu, he kanaka e ku me kona like paha ka mana. No kekahi laʻana, ina e pono e puku incandescent mau ipuʻaila me LED. Ma keia hihia, e mea pono e recalculate i ka malamalama ia auoiaea.

Pehea e hana ia

Luminous koko - o ka papa kuhikuhiE ke keʻena i loko o keia ala. Ma ka Ia dvadtsativoltnoy incandescent u kukui ka mea, ua like me 250 lumens. Penei nōʻo ia luminous koko o alakaʻi kukui hiki i elua a ekolu watts, a me nā kukui hāweo - elima i ehiku. No laila, i ka pomaikai o ka alakaʻi kukui Ua oi ma mua o maopopo.

E ka i aku nei au, ua pono i ka kumu o luminous koko ia auoiaea o 400 lumens. Ke filament kukui e e sorokavattnoy, kukui hāweo ipukukui hiki e mai ka umi a hiki iʻumikumamākolu watts a me LED - eha wale paha elima. A i 'ole, no ka laʻana, ua pono i ka ikaika luminous koko o nā kukui - 2500 lumens. Tungsten hiki ole ia i loko o keia hihia emi o dvuhsotvattnoy, kukui hāweo - wale kanaono i kanawalu-watt alakai a hiki emi - wale nō he iwakalua-kumamalima paha kanakolu.

He aha e na kukui

I ka nui o kekahi kukui mana hoʻokomo o ua anaia mai ka manawa i loko o watts (W). I ka maʻamau o ke ola, ka mea, ua hoʻohana 'ia, no ka laʻana, LED kukui mai kekahi a hiki i ka umi watts, a no foxmike kau iho, e pono nui aku mana - loaʻa nō ma luna o ka haneri watts. Akā, e pono ke ike i ke kukui mana characterizes wale i ka uku o ka ikehu hokii, i ka manaʻo o ka pinepine 'ia, aole ia i ekemu mai.

Aia hiki ke wehewehe aku i kekahi a me kekahi kumu wale pa alima o luminous koko, i mea he 'okoʻa loa okoa. Ua ua ole ana i loko o watts a me lumens. Oia hoi, i na kukui Hookah pololei 'ia o ke koho' ia i kēia mau koho. No ka laʻana, ka mea i 'ae' ia ma ka'ōpala: ka luminous koko o 280 lumens no i alakai kukui mana i eha watts, ka like o ka incandescent u kukui pyatidesyativattnoy. I kapa ai i ka papaʻaina. I loko o ka hope luminous koko mea ole 280, a me nā mea a pau 560 lm e ia. Pehea pela?

helu

Ke pa alima o luminous koko ua lumen pele i kī ana blackbody wahi o 0,5305 mm o ² ma ke ana wela kiʻekiʻe loa - 1773 ° C, ka wā e hoopaakiki hoi platinum, no ka laʻana. Light ka nui - pa apŘ o luminous koko i loko o ka māhele ano, ia mea nui ana o ka malamalama ia auoiaea correlated me ka nui o ka paa huina e noonoo (he paa ka makau - o ka hapa o ka lewa, kahi o nā kukuna a pau converge). A: ka pa alima o luminous pinepine '- ole lumens a me ka candela.

He aha ka hoʻomālamalama? Ua hiki ke kapa i kaʻilikai nuʻa luminous koko i ka hana 'ia ma luna o ka luna, e like me ka lākiō o ka luminous koko a hiki i ka nui o ka naauao anaʻili, kahi e ua kōā kaulike haawi. I hoʻomālamalama no hoi i kona pa alima iho o ke ana, a me ka mea, ua i lumen hou. Me ka hana ole i candela. Kēia lux (HA). A e e like me kekahi Suite, ina ka malamalama ia auoiaea mea like i kekahi lumen, haawi kōā kaulike ma luna o ka wahi o ka hoʻokahi huinahalike mika? Akā,: 1 lux = 1 lm / 1m ^2.

Aa pono a me ka luminosity

Light kahawai paha e kekahi, a svetnosti'ālohilohi (luminosity). 'ālohilohi - o ka like ana o kaʻilikai nuʻa o luminous pinepine 'a me kona pili i ka lewa,ʻana o luminous ili ma luna o kekahi pelane ÷ haku i keia olelo. Ke pa alima o ka olinolino ua manaoia e lilo i kekahi candela no huinahalike mika (1 CD / ka m ^2).

Svetnost (ole luminance) i ka nuʻa o ka luminous koko i kī ana hoomalamalamaia mai ili. He mau like me ka luminous koko me ka pili ana i ka wahi o keia ili honua. Luminosity, hoi, i kona mau pa alima mea 1 lm / ka m ^2.

hoʻomālamalama uniformity

ʻO ka hanaʻana ololi o luminous koko o ka papa hana, e hoʻomaulia i ka uniformity o ka hoʻomālamalama o nā surfaces papamoe, nānā 'ole o ka' ano o ke kukui. Kona Mānoa, he wahi ia i ke kaʻi lau waiwai he pōpilikia no kēlā me kēia keʻena, ma ka manao o kona hoʻokumu paʻa kiko'î a me ka waiwai o ka ma hope-hoʻopau pono hana. He He 'ano manawa e hoopau ana ho mea ole loa pololei lawa, akā, i kēia iaoia ua hoʻomano hoʻohana ma i loko o ho'ā nā hoʻolālā.

Ka buke o ka lumi manawa i kekahi ano o kaʻili kai, a e noonoo i ka malamalama koko e hele mai ana, mai ka kumu hoʻomalu. Keia pa, palena, papa, lako a lako a aia i loko o ka lumi. All ili i okoa noʻonoʻo coefficients, a me ka waiwai a emi kiʻekiʻe. E huli i ka helu o ka ho'ā nā manaʻo,ʻaʻole e lawe i ka mooolelo o ka lewa pele mea hiki wale me ka nui uncertainties.

ka manaʻo hapa

Mua i koho malamalama kumu, a kau iho'ōnaehana, wae 'ano o nā fixtures no ka haawiia mai la - noho ai ka oihana, a laila, ua hana i ka ho omaulia. Kona AIM mea e hooholo i ka helu ana o luminaires. Ke kaʻina o ka ho omaulia hiki ke hana e like me ke ano:

1. Anahonua, o ka ho'ā nā'ōnaehana.

2. hoaponoia o normalization i loko o ka malamalama o ka mea.

3. Anahonua, o ka loa ka hoʻokele waiwai kumu o ka malamalama.

4. Choice o ka naauaoʻano o ke kukui.

5. loiloi 'ana o ka palekana ololi a me ke kaʻi lau waiwai o unevenness o ka hoʻomālamalama ia.

6. ka loiloi o ka reflectance o surfaces i loko o ka lumi.

7. i ka ho omaulia ana o ka lumi 'inideka.

8. Ka hoʻoholo o ke kaʻi lau waiwai o ka pono o ka malamalama.

9. helu ana i ka helu o ka fixtures mea e hoʻolako i nā koi 'ia hoʻomālamalama o ke kiʻi.

10. hoʻokō i kekahi sketch o ka wahi o fixtures ka hoʻohana 'ana i ka papakü kumumanao (hoakaka nui).

ho'ā nā'ōnaehana

He oi loa paʻakikī e hoʻomaulia i hana na kukui, no ka mea, ua loa pinepine hui. No ka laʻana, ma ka manufacturing mea kanu, he hoʻokahi wale nō i nāʻaoʻao pale ua pāpā 'ia ma ke kanawai. E koho i ka malamalama o ka uuku Ana o ka hoʻokaʻawale mea'ōnaehana, oa kaulike i ka pololei o nā pilikia makapō hana, e e hana i loko o ka lumi.

Aia nā lula: i ka hana o ka mua i ka hora aono a hiki i nā kānaka i lawe mai wale i ka wa a ka hui hoʻomālamalama nenoaiu. Kēia Workshop, me mechanical, instrumentation,ʻaha kanaka, a me ka e like. Wale i na hana e like me electroplating a ninini hiki ke hoopili i ka mau ho'ā nā'ōnaehana. No laila, koho i ka'ōnaehana a me ka rula o ka hoʻomālamalama ka poʻe.

normalized illuminance

ʻimi hoʻopunipuni Ika o laupaʻi, a qualitative nā hoailona hooponoponoia ia mea, ma ka ikaika e like me ka pili rula, a mau no ka? Iecaianoaaiiuo a me ke 'ano o ka hana.

Laupaʻi ano o ka malamalama i loaa mai ma ka lalo o kēlā me kēia hana ili ke kaumaha ma muli o ka hookuuia o pilikia makapō hana, ka Akä naÿe, a me ka kāʻei kua mea i loko o ka hoʻomālamalama nenoaiu. Ke hookuuia me ka nānā 'ana i ka nui o kekahi mea (nā lāliʻi), hapa paha palena iki hewa ma luna o ka mea e hana ana, e i e huai ae, a maopopo ma waena o kona hanana. High-e like ai ho'ā nā hana - he ana o ka glare a me ka ripple.

Light kumu: pros a me ka hooluolu

Pehea e hooholo i ka mea kiko'î a no ka koho kāki-pono, a ma ka mea ia manawa environmentally launa ke kukui? Ma o ka olelo hooholo e loli he nui loa aʻe, e like me: hoʻolālā pāʻoihana, kuhikuhipuʻuone, no? Ieoaeunoaa kiko'î, ea i hoʻolilo 'ia a me kona ano, waiwai iho me ka noʻonoʻo, a, o ka papa, i manao ai. Akamai, ke hoʻololi i kau iho, mau hele i kaʻae like hoʻokuʻu ma kahai, e lawe i ka mooolelo nui kiko'î a ma o ka helu.

No ka laʻana, he incandescent kukui mea,ʻaʻole nui ka hoʻokele waiwai, ka mea, i ole kiʻekiʻe loa luminous ka hoʻokōʻana, ea puka pae nānaina, ma ka hana, loaa ka mea, loa wela, a pau koke. Naʻe, i ka lilo o ia mea loa haʻahaʻa, e hiki pono e hoʻohana i ka mea, akā, no ka mea, no ka lumi kahi kanaka noho manawa, ko ka hale ona, a me ka me, incandescent kukui hiki ke paipai. Kukui hāweo malamalama auaiaea no hoi i ka oi, lōʻihi ola, maikaʻi 'ia nā pōpō komoʻana, nele o ka paio hahana maoli nō. Akā, ua alanui kukui, a koi hana hoʻomalu. Switchgear kukui hāweo kukui ka loa eiiieaen, ka mea, i kekahi manawa waihonaʻike a me ka halulu mai, a me kā lākou hoʻolilo problematic.