Māhele o ka Koa Army: mo'olelo mo'olelo. Palapala 'āina o ka Don Region

Ua noho ka pū'ali koa Don Cossack i ka palena o ka Māhele Koa. I ko mākou manawa ma kēia mau'āina,'o Rostov, Volgograd, Lugansk, Voronezh a me Kalmykia. 'Oiai'o Rostov i ho'ohui'ia ma hope nei,'o ka nui o nā palapala e pili ana i ka heluna kanaka a me ka mo'aukala o ka moku'o ka mālama'ia i loko o kona hale waihona puke a me kāna waihona.

Ka mo'aukala no ka ho'okumu'ia'ana o ka Army Army

'O ka lā o ka ho'onohonoho'ia'ana o ka Army Army'o ia ka manawa o ka ho'oku'u'ia'ana o ka pūnaewele kākau mua, i ola a hiki i kēia lā. 'O ka heluhelu a me ke kākau'ana o Ivan the Terrible, kahi āna i nīnau ai i ka ataman Mikhail Cherkashenin e pili ana i ka ho'olohe o ka'elele'o Tsar Novosiltsev, e kuhikuhi ana iā Tsargrad. Ua hele aku kona alanui ma o Don. No kēia mea, ua ho'ohiki ke aupuni e hā'awi aku i ka ho'okupu i nā Cossacks. 'O ka lā o ka heluhelu a me ke kākau'ana - Ianuali 3, 1570. 'Oiai he mea maopopo loa i ka Cossack Union, ua ho'okumu'ia ka Mokuna Donskoi ma mua. No ka mea,'o ka mea'ē a'e,'a'ohe mea i loa'a i ka mō'ī.

Akā, hō'ike'ia ma ka palapala,'o ia ka manawa i mālama ai ka Don Cossacks i nā palena hema o ke aupuni. Ma ka hopena o ke kenekulia 16, ua noho'ia kekahi wahi me kahi palena me ka lō'ihi o kahi 800 mile. Aia'o ia ma ka'ao'ao o Don a me kona mau ho'okupu. A ma hope o kekahi mau makahiki'ē a'e,'o ka Cossacks o ka Don Cossack Region ka pū'ali koa ikaika e hakakā ana me nā po'e kōkua o Turkish a me Polish. No kā lākou lawelawe'ana, loa'a iā lākou ke kālā, ka hao, ke alaka'i, ka lole a me ka berena.

Ke kū'oko'a a me ke aupuni pono'ī

Ho'omahele'ia'o Don Cossacks i nā hui'elua: domovitye a me golutvnye. 'O ka mua he mau mea kahiko loa a ua noho'ia ma nā'āina ha'aha'a, a he mau malihini ka po'e i noho a noho ma ke po'o o ka muliwai. A hiki i ka ho'omaka'ana o ka makahiki XVIII. 'O nā'āina o ka'Āpana Koa i ka mana kū'oko'a a aia ma lalo o ka ho'omalu'ana o nā pū'ali koa a me nā mana koho. Ma mua o ka ho'ouka kaua'ana, ua mālama'ia nā koho balota no ka'āpana, nona ka mana palena'ole. Ua māhelehele'ia ka pū'ali koa i haneli haneli a he kanalima, ma luna o lākou nā luna haneri, nā Pentikostals a me ka chorus. Ma hope o ka huhū o Bulavin, ua ho'okau'ia'o Don Cossack Host i ka Collegium Koa.

Mai ka makahiki 1763 ua ho'omaka ka lawelawe'o Cossack i kahi kūpono o ke ola. 'O ka ho'oili kaua'āina o 1773-1775 ka hopena o ka mana aupuni o ka Cossacks. A e lawe i nā pū'ali koa o ke ali'i. Akā,'a'ole kēia ka hopena o ko lākou "makemake", a lō'ihi i hala.

'O ka Māhele'ana o ka Don

1769-1775 - ke kūkulu'ia'ana o ka hui Cossack o ka Hui Pū'ali Petersburg a me ka pū'ali koa 500 o ke Don Ataman Regiment.

1797 - ka ho'okumu o ke kāpena Don Cossack. I ho'okahi makahiki ma hope iho o kēia, ua ho'oka'awale'ia nā Cossacks i loko o ka regene kū'oko'a, a ua like ko lākou kūlana me ka pū'ali koa. Ma ka manawa like, ua like ka ho'ohālikelike'ana o ka uku o nā Cossacks i nā uku o nā kūlana like.

I ka makahiki 1798-1800, ua loa'a i nā kālepa Cossack nā pono like me ka kūlana Lūkini, a loa'a nā serfs. Nā hana hou hou i hana'ia:

• Ka ho'omaka'ana o kahi makahiki he 30 makahiki o ka'oihana koa;
• Ka wehewehe'ana i ka waihona pūnaewele;
• 'O ka ho'okomo'ana i ka luna o ka pū'ali koa koa ma ke'ano he mea kōkua i ka luna koa, kona hope;
• 'O ka wehe'ana i nā kapa i loko o ka pū'ali koa a me ka home o ka hale.

'O ka Reform of 1835

HOU 1835 i hoakaka no kēlā Cossack kaʻana like i loko o ka nui o 30 eka. Akā, i ka makahiki 1916, ua ho'onui'ia kēia nui i 11, a he 9,8 wale nō ka'āina o ka'āina. I ka ho'omaka'ana o ka iwakālua haneri, ua ho'okau'ia ka hapalua o nā'ohana Cossack e ho'olimalima i kēia mau'āpana no ka uku'ana i nā aie no nā lako kaua. 'O ka hapalima wale nō o nā mahi'ai maika'i loa ia manawa.

Ma hope o ka ho'oponopono'ana o ka makahiki 1835, ua ho'oka'awale'ia nā Kuleana a pau i ka pū'ali koa a me nā maka'āinana. Ua mana'o'ia kahi o ka Army Army e ho'ololi i kēia mau ho'ololi:

• Hō'ailona;
• Wahi o nā moku kaua;
• Pono e ho'olālā i ka'oihana koa koa o nā kāne kāne mai 18 a 43 mau makahiki;
• 'O ka pāpā'ana o kahi noho ma ka'āina o ka pū'ali koa o nā malihini;
• 'O ka ho'ololi'ana o nā Cossacks i loko o ka papa pani i kahi pilina o ke ola a pau;
• Hō'oia o kahi pahu hō'ailona hou.

Ke kāko'o'ana o ka Region Don

I ka makahiki 1874, ua ho'okō'ia ka'āpono o kekahi limahana ho'olālā hou. 'O ia he pū'ali koa pū'ali koa, ka ho'onohonoho'ana i nā'oihana koa a me nā'oihana'oihana. 1875 - ka ho'okomo'ana i ka inoa inoa o ka moku'āina o ka Don Army. I ka makahiki ho'okahi, ua ho'ēmi'ia ka manawa o ka'oihana koa i 20 mau makahiki.

Iloko o ka noho alii ana o Alexander III kahua Don Army (Donetsk māhele) i pili i Gradonachalstva Taganrog a me Rostov County. 'O kēia mau mea, ua ho'okumu'ia nā'āpana civila hou. I ka makahiki ho'okahi, ua ho'opau'ia nā'elele o nā ke'ena o nā ke'ena.

Ka February ʻOiʻenehana o 1917 makahikiʻiʻo nō ka pilina i ke kahua o ka Don koa aupuni. 'O kona po'o ke amaman AM Kaledin. Ua kū'ē ia i ka puka'ana o nā Soviets. I ka makahiki 1918, ua ho'okumu'ia ka hui aupuni Don Soviet, kahi i ulu mau ai nā kuhū wāhū kū'ē Soviet. I ka makahiki 1920, ua ho'opau ka Don Cossack Host i ka noho'ana a ua ho'iho'i'ia i nā makahiki 90 o ke kenekulia iwakālua.