Nā minelala hao Finland. 'Oihana, a me ka' aoʻao hoʻokele waiwai i loko o Finland

He 'atikala e kūkākūkā Finland nā minelala hao, kā lākou pōʻalo, aaioee a me kūlana i loko o ka hoʻokele waiwai. Omaka keia kumuhana, e i ka loihi o ka pili ana i ka wā o ka ekolu ieeeea makahiki nei, ka wā i kanuʻia kēia mau wahi ma lalo o ka nui me ka hauneneʻe. ʻano nui mahalo i nā hanana o ia manawa fossils o Finland iʻikeʻia i loko o ia mau huahelu.

hau makahiki

A no loko mai o ka hau makahiki i loko o ka nui māpala aniani panel ma luna a me ka nui kaumaha ahu iho la ka hau, e hele ana i loko o ka Honua i ka pńpa a hiki i ka nui i hanaʻia, ke mau nui loko - ke awawa o Bothnia a me ka Baltic kai, ka mea mua mua o ic ??. Ua hauneneʻe i hana i ka 'äina o Finland. Ka hau mānoanoa oi aku mamua o ekolu mau kilomika, ua hiki ke lena i ka honua wale. Ka mea, lawe aku no hoi, mai ka ili o ka oi ma mua o ehiku mika o ka pōhaku.

Ka a pau nenoaiu o ka Pinilana o ic ??, a nunui paala lawe mai ma ka hailona ke haʻi aku ana Finland kokua huli mai ai i ka mea a mākou eʻike aku i keia la. ʻEkolu hapa haneri o ka aina - ia mea loa hamama māpala, a he umikumamakahi pakeneka - ka ia māpala lola honua ma ka hohonu o ka hoʻokahi mika. Mahalo i Ice Age fossils ma Finland i ka ai iiiaanoaa o non-ferrous a me ka pohihihi keia honua ke hooheheeia. Ka mea i loko o ka wā kahiko keia i ka aina o ka me ka hauneneʻe, ia Kahalaopuna loa nā mea a pau ma luna o ka'āina.

Finland manawa

ʻO kahi o Finland, - akau oʻEulopa. Ka nui loa o ka aina ua aia ma luna o ka Scandinavian Peninsula. Ua puu mokuna me Norway, Rusia, Kuekene, ma luna o ke kai - me Estonia. Ka wahi ia mea liʻiliʻi - ekolu haneri a me ke kanakolu-kumamawalu tausani kapuaʻi kuea kilomika. Aia nō ma kahi o elima a me ka hapalua miliona kanaka, he nui loa o ka i ua noho i loko o ke kapikala - Helsinki - a me nā liʻiliʻi kulanakauhale, a he kanakolu wale pakeneka o ka heluna kanaka - ma ka'ē aʻe nā panalāʻau e. Ka nui o ic ??, ulu lāʻau, Swamp - he ano hiʻona o ia hapa o ka honua, kahi malaila o Finland.

No emi hana hoihoi Leeuwerikplein lāliʻi i loko o kēia wahi flora a? Aaoa. Bea a me nā Moose i ole uncommon, akā, i ke kapa ana o na mea kaua o Finland ua mau i kākauʻia ka mea,ʻaʻole e noho ana i loko o kēia mau wahi liona (naʻe ka mea, ua manaoio ia ma ka 1580 ka mea i kapaia ke alii o na holoholona trot). Mai ka hapanui o kona ola (ma kahi o Elima haneri makahiki o) Finland mālama 'ia me ka'āina o Kuekene, ka mea, ua ke Kuekene alii Gustav au no a hiki i kēia kiʻi. Kapa o na mea kaua o Finland laila,ʻikeʻia ma luna o kona mau kiʻi i loko o ka ekalesia Kokika o ke kulanakauhale o Uppsala. Ma hope o ka pōkole manawa, Finland ua hapa o Rusia, a laila, i ka liona (a lynx) e depicted ma luna o ka pale kaua, i ka aia ma luna o ka pahu o ka imperial waʻa-hina aeto.

Tilly

He Hoikehonua, o Finland lā auaneʻiʻoukou: oi aku elua hapakolu o kona mau mokuna waiho elua haneri mika ma lalo ilikai, a i ka nānaina o ka hilly moraine papu me ka pinepine nānā aku o nā pōhaku, a kāwaha ma o ic ?? a me ka puu o ka puu - Salpausselkä, Suomenselkä, Manselkya.

Akau-komohana o ka aina e ku ma ka mauna Scandinavian (lākou hikina nuku). Nā mauna i loko o Finland i ka 1365 mika - i ka mauna Haltiatunturi. A iki emi o kanaono tausani o ic ??, a ewalu pakeneka o nā panalāʻau e noho kuahene he nui ka wai kahua. Lōʻihi o ka muliwai mea i ka hana, akā, ua piha o rapids a me ka wai kiʻekiʻe lākou.

geology

Geology o Finland ua nānā 'ia ma kona wahi ma luna o ka Baltic Kuahene. I kakahiaka nui Precambrian metamorphic pōhakuʻaneʻi, e like me ka pono me māpala, a me ka mea a pau ua podornuty Ohana me ka hauneneʻe a me mauʻaʻei ka hoʻokomo kālā o ka Quaternary wā. He kuemi hope mai o ka me ka hauneneʻe mea no laila, hiki i nā mea a pau kā lākou kūlana. Bothnia nā keʻa hewa ciia i kŰlń ao a hiki i ka hapanui Ladoga moanawai āpana mahele ana Precambrian me ka ho okumu au i loko o nā mau mea. Hikina laha o Archean greenstone mau hipuu o ka manawa, dramatically overlapping clastic sediments a me nā lua pele Jatulian (mua Proterozoic).

Ua mea me ia, a ua pili i hoʻokomo kālā o ka eliia o ka mea maikai i eliiaʻi (a me kekahi poe e ae - hiki pono o): ka mea e hoohehee ai mea ole wale ke gula, akā, i uranium, hao, keleawe, nikala, hewa metala, vanadium a me ka cobalt. Ma ke komohana, he mea ka calcareous'ākilikai pōhaku, a me nā shales greywacke ma lalo mau ieeeea makahiki kahiko, a i hanaʻia ma ka mokupuni arcs a me marginal kai. Ka mea, i loko o na wahi a lakou plutons intruded ma granitoids, kahi i kūikawā wahi - Tsentralnofinlyandsky batholith. Aia nō he wahi lihi iki o ka hoʻokomo kālāʻuʻuku o ka polymetallic, keleawe, hao, a me ka nikala pohihihi keia honua e hoohehee ai.

noiʻi

I ka 1947, i ka 'epekema' ā ina Society, i ka makahiki 1970 ana aʻei ke kula kēia i hoʻonohonoho i loko o Finland. He ka hope, a ua hana i ka geology a me ka hoʻouku na mea o ka aina. Ke curator mea he kūikawā Komite, he lâlâ 'o ka Academy' ole kahi lala nā kānakaʻepekema i loko o ka mahinaʻai o maoli sciences. Ka pukaʻana o kēia wā, a kōkua i ka hoʻoponopono i kekahi hapa o ka Academy Papa, Hana meʻanoʻenehana noiʻi, a eʻoiaʻiʻo, e hele i loko o nā nīnau a pau i kekahi hou ae ana - e hoʻonaʻauao '.

Ma Finland, kulanui i këia a me ka hoʻouku a me ka geology, akā, e aʻo aku i kēia mau no ka hoʻopaʻi 'ana ma ka Oihana o kekahi mau (maoli sciences) me na poho a koe. 'O kēia ka City o Helsinki University o Technology - State kulanui, hoʻokumu i ka makahiki 1908. Aia He He Oihana kaawale o ka metallurgy a me ka hoʻouku. Eia naʻe, 'oe ke kapa aku i kekahi lihi iki o ka Pinilana kulanui i ao aku i keʻano o ke kanaka, a i inseparably pili me ka hoʻouku a me ka geology, hoʻowahāwahā i ka mea i ka mea, e hookaawale ana a me kēia mau oihana i ka pono, a ua hoolilo i ka sciences kūlohelohe.

nā minelala hao Finland

Chrome na mea i eliia Finland ka'āina waiwai. No hoi, ua nui laau a me ka kiniki, cobalt, nikala, keleawe, apatite, vanadium, a me ka papa i ka peat. Hao e hoohehee ai ua o koʻu mau ma ka akau-komohana o ka aina. Ma ka mahinaʻai Pahtovara hooponopono glandular quartzites, ma Kaymaryavi - apatites a me magnetites, a me McCall, Hitura a me Kotalahti i ke keleawe a me ka nikala. I eliia o ka mea maikai i eliiaʻi hoʻomohala ma kaʻaoʻao hema o Finland, Kemi a me ka'ākau Lapland. Vammala e waiho, Outokumpu, Vihanti pihaʻi me ke gula, i ke kālā a me ka platinum pae i eliiaʻi (i ka la mahope mea negligible kaʻana like 'ana).

Pohihihi keia mea hiki ke hooheheeia e extracted ma ka hema a me ka Central cii, kahi māhele nui i Kangasala Kemiyo a me kahi o ka maʻiʻo o ka ilmenite na mea i eliia ua wehewehe aku ma ke alo, phlogopite, magnetite, zircon, pyrochlore baddelita. Na mea i eliia apatites, chromium, vanadium e loa nui, ma Europe, ma ka mua wahi o ka nui o ka cobalt - kekona. A me he wahi lihi iki o ka hao ka mea e hoohehee, kiniki, keleawe, nikala. Peat a me ka 'ole-mea hao nā minelala hao i extracted kaiāulu i loko o Finland. Peat hoʻokomo kālā i loa lehulehu, a ua aiaʻaneʻane ma ke aupuni, akā, ma ka nui, mea liʻiliʻi kēlā me kēia no ia. Hoʻokele waiwai hoʻomōhala hoʻokomo kālā ma ka oi o ka iwakalua aa, i na nakaka e e oi aku mamua o elua mau mika. Ma Finland, like ole a pau ia hoʻokomo kālā.

na mea i eliia

Kokoke a pau o ka hoʻokomo kālā o ka uranium mea e hoohehee ai i loko o ka Karelian quartzite-shale eiiieaena paha ma luna o nā palena o ka Archean māpala-gneiss eiiieaena. O ka nui 'ana i kumumanaʻo hoʻokomo kālā e hiki Kolari Paltamo Paukayanvare a me Noutiyarvi. Me ka hao i eliia e aia ma ka akau-komohana a me ka Central māhele o Finland. Loa pinepine ka mea, e pili ana me ka Karelian orogeny, ia leptitovoy ho okumu.

Mawaena o na mea e hooheheeia i ferruginous quartzites (Pahtovara), apatite a me ka magnetidy (Kaymayarvi a me na mea e ae), magnetite skarns (Oriyarvi a me Tervola), ilmenite-magnetite (ma Otanmyaki a me nā wahi). e ulu Skarn hoʻokomo kālā a me magmatic eiiieaena. Vanadium a titanium i loko o ka mea e hoohehee ai, ua aia ma ka welau hikina o ka Baltic Kuahene. Mau hale i pili i ka Lower a me ka sredneproterozoyskim wā. Ka mea, e hoʻomohala i loko o nā kula a me Mustavara Otanmyaki.

polymetals

Chromium mea e hoohehee ai ua kiaʻana i kāna i loko o kekahi kula, a i hanai i ka lakou mau hana i loko o Finland. He Kemi - ma ke awawa o Bothnia, ma kona'ākau mauka. Cobalt, nikala, ke keleawe, a me ka e like ole-ferrous ke hooheheeia ana i loko o na mea e hooheheeia ma Ladoga Bothnia kāʻei, a me ka 'ā ina a me ka hanalima kihapai hōʻike mau ano. Kēia keleawe-nikala sulfide ma Kotalahtinskoy subband kāʻei (McCall, Hitura, Kotalahti a me na mea e ae), kahi o ka awelika ke keleawe maʻiʻo o 0,3%, a me ka nikala - 1,2%.

Ka lua oʻano - Ua stratimorfnye pyrite hoʻokomo kālā a i pili me ka graphiteʻeleʻele shales (Hammaslakti, Vuonos, Outokumpu, a me na mea e ae), ai ke kālā maʻiʻo - 11 nā huna no ke tona o ka mea e hoohehee ai, ke gula - mai i kekahi gram o kiniki - 7%, keleawe - 3, 5%, a me he mea he wahi o ka cobalt a me ka nikala. I eliia e aia ma ka hema aila mahinaʻai ma luna o ka Baltic Kuahene, ma, ma ka hou e kiniki, a alakai iloko o ke gula, keleawe, ke kālā, a me na mea he nui nā kumu mua.

hana mau Finland

O kekahi mau ano o oicyenoaaiiie hana o ke aupuni o ka GDP mua ma ka makahiki 1986, ua like ia 357 ieeeea? FIM. It E e kaulana i keia huahelu ua mau a steadily e ulu ana. An hana hoihoi hiʻona mea i ka hoʻouku hana manaʻo no wale i ka hapaʻumi o ka pakeneka o GDP, a me ka manufacturing hana - oi ma mua o iwakalua pakeneka.

I loko nō o ka ke koe nō 'ano nui o ka mea pōhaku kumu waiwai, i ka papa kuhikuhiE maoli waiwai ua noʻonoʻo i ka nahele e uhi oi ma mua o ka hapalua o ke aupuni holoʻokoʻa. Alaila, i na lala nui o ka hoʻokele waiwai Pinilana e komo i loko o? Acaeoey o ia mau kumu waiwai. Aia nā pilikia ma Finland me ka ikehu, eia nae hoʻomaka kalepa ulu o hoʻokomo kālā o ka paa a me ka wai a mōʻalihaku.

E like me ka mea, ua

Mea pōhaku kumu waiwai i ke hoʻomohala i loko o Finland, mai ka manawa kahiko, a hiki i ka Pinilana kaao (runes) hōʻike i ka hao i eliia. ʻOiai mai ai i kaʻumikumamākolu kenekulia, i hou i ka pohaku a me ka hao, mai hana i kekahi mea. Hoʻouku hana i ka Kuekene rula i loko o Finland i ole ke kino, no ka mea, e like no ka meaʻimi loa i ka lewa, a oi loa aku hoi no ka hooulu ana i ia i ka ae ana o ke Alii o Kuekene.

hoomaka I ka umikumamaono kenekulia i koʻu hao i eliia, a me ka puaa hao mahele heheʻe i ka hoʻoholo wale i loko o ka umikumamawalu, a me ka mea, ua kokoke ia i ka artisanal? iecaianoaaiiie. Ma ka umikumamaiwa kenekulia, ua i loko o Rusia, hoomaka ae la na Aupuni e paipai a me kaʻimi loa i ka lewa, a pōʻalo o ka mea pōhaku maka mea.

E like me ka mea, ua

I ka 1812, ka Russian aupuni a pau i hana i loko o kona mua Pinilana panalāʻau o Mines, e alakai i kaʻimi loa i ka lewa o ka mea pōhaku kumu waiwai a me kā lākou mau hana. Ka mua concession Kulonsuonmyaki loaa koʻu ma pōʻalo o ka hao i eliia, a ua komo pū i loko o ka ulu ana o ka umikumamalua i ka 1829 mau hoʻokomo kālā. Aie i ke kumu hoʻopaipai ana o ka hana ma kahi o ekolu na tona o ka hao i eliia, a me ka ulu ana o ka hana mau. Ma waho aʻeo i ka nui moku'āina-mea a, hoʻohana oi aku mamua o ke kanalima liʻiliʻi a pilikino mines kahi o ka mea e hoohehee ai mea e like ai emi loa i ka Kora naʻEsau.

Rusia i ka hao a me ke keleawe dute-noa, no laila,? Iecaianoaaiiie ulu loa kanaha-ewalu tausani tona i ka 1860. Keleawe ulaula Oriyarvi hoomaka ae la e paka i ka makahiki 1832, a ma ka 1870, ua mua, ua ulu polymetallic hoʻokomo kālā i loko o Pitkyaranta. I ka 1895, Finland i na 5.195 nā kana o ka keleawe, 425 na tona o ka piuta, aneane ewalu na tona o ke kala, a ma Lapland hoopai holoi iho la i ke gula - mai i kanalima kilograms no ka makahiki. Quarried māpala, syenite, i i hoʻohana ole wale i loko o Finland: Uaʻalo na hale o St. Petersburg me ka pōhaku Pinilana. I kēia lā, i nā huahana a pau o ka hoʻouku hana i loko o Finland mea kumukuai nui ma mua o ka ieeeea? Euro o ka makahiki, i hoike no ka aneane kanalima na hana.