Nine waiwai nāʻakika

Nāʻakika kapaia eiiieaena i huiʻia haku o ka hydrogen nā'ātoma me ka hiki, e auou caiaiai ma ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia nā'ātoma, a me kaʻakika koena.

Nāʻakika i electrolytes. Nine waiwai nāʻakika i ho'ākāka 'ia ma kā lākou mau haku mele' ana.

Classifyʻakika ma luna o nā pā.

1. E like me ka helu o ka hydrogen nā'ātoma.

2. Ma ke alo o ka oxygen.

3. E like me ka loa o ka dissociation.

E like me ka helu o ka o oxygen nā'ātoma (i kēia hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka Nine Inch waiwai nāʻakika) ka mea, ua māheleʻia i loko o anoxic (hydrogen sulfide, hydrochloricʻakika, a no laila, ma luna o. D.) A o ka oxygen ma-i loaʻa (nitric, sulfurous, a me ka silicic na. D.)

E like me ka helu o ka hydrogen nā'ātoma o kaʻakika e:

- monobasic, i loaʻa kekahi hydrogen'Ātoma (hydrochloricʻakika, nitricʻakika);

- dibasic he mau hydrogen nā'ātoma (sulfuricʻakika, hydrogen sulphide);

- tribasic hoopii ekolu hydrogen'Ātoma (phosphoric).

Like kolu o ka hiʻona o kaʻakika ua maheleia i nawaliwali electrolytes (phosphoric, carbonic, etc. D.) A ikaika electrolytes (hydrochloric, nitric, sulfuric).

Nine waiwai nāʻakika

Ke alo aku o ka hydrogen Ion maʻakika pāʻoihana hoʻoholo lākouʻakika a puni, a me ka vinegaʻaiʻana. Eia naʻe, e hiki ole ho'āʻo iā lākou ma luna o ke alelo like e hiki Nine Inch'ā.

Litmus meto alani anakahi a me ka hoʻololi kona ano ma lalo o ka aoao o nāʻakika.

ʻakika pāʻoihana pane koke me ka walaʻauʻana oxides, kūpono ma ka ho okumu o ka paakai a me ka wai.

ʻO nāʻakika pane koke me ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia ma ka hema o ka hydrogen hehee ai ma ka lalani anakahi uila ke hooheheeia. I ka hopena o ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia paakai a me ka hydrogen.

ʻO nāʻakika pane koke me ko lākou mau kumu. Ke naoh e haawi i ko i ka paakai, a me ka wai. Ke naoh ma waena o kaʻakika a me ka mekala 'åkilikai (kumu) ua kapaia naoh neutralization.

ʻO nāʻakika pane koke me ka paakai pāʻoihana, ka wā i ke ano o ka hanana a me ka papa o ka naoh a hiki i ka hopena o ka ion launa like, a laila he precipitate a me ka kinoea ua hookuu.

Ke Nine Inch waiwai o ke aloha nāʻakika i kā lākou mau 'ano.

Waiwai o phosphoricʻakika

Phosphoricʻakika a me kona koʻana koko pāʻoihana e nui nawaliwali nāʻakika e like me nitric a me ka sulfuric. Kēiaʻakika, ma ka i 'ole, he ekolu ka oxygen nā'ātoma. An electrolytic dissociation o phosphoricʻakika i wahi iiyoaiiay. Typicalʻakika - phosphoricʻakika, e ho'ākāka 'ia kona Nine Inch waiwai haku mele' ana.

Ke kākoʻo pāʻoihana o phosphoricʻakika, dihydrogen posapahate Ion e noho i loko o ka papa. Ion a i hana i loko o ka lua o ka dissociation ke kahua mea nunui emi, a me ka posapahate Ion, i ka hopena o ke kolu o ka ionization ke kahua, kokoke ma kahi e. Ma ka mua ke kahua phosphoricʻakika - meakino ikaikaʻakika. No ka mea, ekolu ano o kaʻakika residues i loko o ka AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN o ka phosphoricʻakika me ka mekala 'åkilikai paʻakai i hanaʻia e like me ia mahope iho: phosphates, hydrogen phosphates a me dihydrogen phosphates.

Orthophosphoricʻakika paha e kaulana mai kekahi i kekahi ma kaʻakika reacted me ke kālā nitrate, ma i ua hana i ka lenalena precipitate. Other phosphorus nāʻakika interacting me ke kālā nitrate, e hana i ka keʻokeʻo precipitate. Orthophosphoricʻakika ma ka hahana maoli nō kēia, a 'ano apau loa i ka wai pili mai pyrophosphoricʻakika.

Nine waiwai o hydrochloricʻakika

Hydrochloricʻakika mea he ikaika monobasicʻakika me ka typical waiwai nāʻakika. Colorless iki fuming wai pāʻoihana o ke hydrogen koloriside i loko o ka wai. Paʻakai o hydrochloricʻakika i kapaia "koloriside".

Hydrochloricʻakika hiki e hoomakaukau e reacting pāʻoihana o ka paʻakai koloriside a me sulfuricʻakika, a me hydrogen koloriside mea hoʻoheheʻe i loko o ka wai. Hydrochloricʻakika reacts me ke kumu, hiki ho okumu i ka paakai a me ka wai. Ma ka reacting me ka mekala 'åkilikai neutralization naoh ia lŘlŘ. Oe ke hōʻoia i kēia anakahi. kona kala like 'ole hoʻololi, A laila'ōlelo akula kekahi'ākilikai nā pāʻoihana.

Ke naoh o hydrochloricʻakika, a me ke kala nitrate hiki aku ai i ke kahua o ka insoluble paʻakai - kālā koloriside i precipitates.

Hydrochloricʻakika reacts me ka hana ke hooheheeia. Inā waiho i loko o ka pāʻoihana, kiniki,ʻeleu ho okumu hoʻomaka a me ka kala o ka hydrogen.

Hydrochloricʻakika o ka typicalʻakika, reacts me nā kumu, i eliiaʻi a me ka paʻakai.