Nonspecific e hoʻonele: ka ho'ākāka 'ana, maomeka, kumumea a me nā hiʻona

E hoʻonele mea he luna 'o aiiay aʻe i i ke kino i ka hiki i ka oukou pale ana i ka hopena maikaʻi' ole o ka mawaho konohiki. I ka la mahope, no ka laʻana, nā koʻohune, toxins, nā mea hoʻomaʻi, haole kino. I ka 'epekema, he mau hoailona ia mea o ka e hoʻonele: i ho'ākāka' a me ka 'ole-kekahi. Na la mahope e e kūkākūkā i ka pauku.

General ano

направлен против любого антигена. Innate e hoʻonele kauoha aku i kekahi antigen. Meaola ka anal o na mea ano apau loa ka e pono ai i nā pane. Ke naoh hiki e humoral paha ke kelepona heleʻilikai. Ma ka hihia mua i ka pane ua ua loaʻa ma ka hana antibacterial i huiʻia. обеспечивает захват инородных веществ и цитотоксический эффект. Ole-i ho'ākāka 'ke kelepona hele e hoʻonele mau hiʻohiʻona nō i ka hopu ana o na mea a me ka cytotoxic kanawai.

oihana mua

) представлены в виде анатомических барьеров, секреторных молекул и прочих компонентов. Ole-kekahi 'ohana ka palekana o kumumea (e hoʻonele) e hōʻike mai iā ia i loko o ka palapala o anatomical nā pale kaʻa, secretory nā lātoma a me nā eiiiiiaiou. Ke kahiko nā ka epithelial papa o mucous,ʻili, bronchopulmonary cilia fluctuations a me ka hoemi na naau oʻu. считается врожденным. Ole-kekahi 'ano o ka e hoʻonele ua kuhi innate.

mechanical e kanu'ōiwi

формируют различные барьеры для инородных агентов. Helu aʻe o ka ole-i ho'ākāka 'aeea-mediated e hoʻonele i hana i ka likeʻole o ke'ākeʻakeʻa mai i na konohiki. E like me kekahi o ka loa ka hoʻokō o ke'ākeʻakeʻa mai i ka epithelial ili. Mau o ke'ākeʻakeʻa mai iʻaneʻane impervious i ka hapanui o na konohiki. Ke keʻakeʻa nei mua o ka ili. Desquamation (ihi) epithelium paipai 'ia ka wehe' ana o koʻohune a me nā infectious kino. Intestinal peristalsis, ciliary ana i kala o ka naehana'ōnaehana a me ka gastrointestinal'āpana ma microorganisms. Tuha a me ka waimaka, e kaka ana i ka waha a me ka maka, he hoʻonui i ka Kāohiʻana o nā mea palahēhē. Pū i nā 'ohana ka palekana a me ka airway mucosa a me gastrointestinal'āpana.

Nine Inch hui

Ole-kekahi e hoʻonele ua hoakaka ia ma na mea he nui naʻano likeʻole. Like nui mea, ke'ōlelo mai Nine Inch hui i hanaʻia i anal konohiki. Penei, i ke kūpono 'ana o ka koʻohune ka meheu o ia ma lalo o ka aoao o ka perspiration momoma nāʻakika. Destabilizing ia ma luna o kaʻili lahilahi o pathogens i phospholipase a me ka lysozyme makana i loko o nasal secretions, ka waimaka a me ka tuha. ulu mea koʻohune 'aʻole hoʻi a me ka haahaa pH o gastric secretions a me perspiration. Loaa antimicrobial ha awina o haʻahaʻa hakakino kaupaona nā polokina (defensins) makana i loko o ka gastrointestinal'āpana a me ia maʻiʻaʻai. Ka maʻamau flora o ka ili, a ma ka gastrointestinal'āpana mea hiki ke pale aku colonization o pathogenic Luna ma ka hanauna o kaʻawahia i huiʻia a paʻi me ka koʻohune no IeIIeYOA i ka ili a me ka mahuaola.

Nonspecific e hoʻonele: humoral kaʻilikai

He oiaio, anatomical nā pilikia ole colonization o surfaces ma pathogenic Luna mea nui ka hoʻokō. Eia naʻe, ma ka hihia o ka poho o ke'ākeʻakeʻa hehiʻana. Ua apono 'nā palapala i huiʻia e komo i ke kino. Ma na hoopii, ole-kekahi e hoʻonele ua ho'ā 'ia i loko o ka humoralʻilikai. Kona oihana mua i noho ma ka lāʻau lapaʻau a loaa ma ke kahua o ka maʻiʻaʻai IIeEeAIEUAA.

'ōnaehana

I ka penetrating i loko o ke kino o ka pathogenic Luna i ho'ā ' aiiay maomeka. E like me kekahi o ia hana, e like me ka hoʻokō nenoaiu. Kona ho'ā hope ua pu ma mobilization o phagocytes, lysosomes, mahuahua ma vascular permeability. Kekahiʻano papa hana o ka coagulation nenoaiu. Ua Ua ho'ā 'ia paha ke kaumaha ma muli o ka oolea o ke'aʻaʻa ka pōʻino. Kekahi nenoai i nā huahana o nonspecific aiiay pane ma ka hoʻoulu vascular permeability. Ka mea, hana like chemoattractants - waiwai a, e pili ana i konohiki, alaila hoonaukiuki aku i ko lakou ana. Eia hou kekahi, kekahi me nā huahana i ka antimicrobial hopena. Mau nā, no ka laʻana, loaʻa ka Hoʻokolohua-lysine. Kēia kumuʻiʻo ua hua mai ma platelets i clotting. He lyse nui Gram-maikaʻi koʻohune. Transferrin a Lactoferrin nakinaki hao pono no ka microbial ke kaupalenaʻana i ko lakou ulu ana. Interferons i ka hiki e kaupalena mea hoʻomaʻi replication. Lysozyme mea luku i kaʻili lahilahi o koʻohune.

Keena nonspecific e hoʻonele

Part o ka pane i ka maʻiʻaʻai ia i ka lokomaikaiia i ka mobilization o polymorphonuclear eosinophils, neutrophils, macrophages. Lakou hele i ka paena o IIeEeAIEUAA o koʻohune. Mau keena i manaoia e ia i ka laina ka papa kuhikuhi o ka pale o ka ole-kekahi e hoʻonele. Neutrophils - polymorphonuclear leukocytes i hoouna aku ai i ke kahua o ka maʻiʻaʻai a me ka hopu koʻohune. 'ōnaehana paleʻea aeee ke hoopau ia intracellularly paha neʻe i loko o ka extracellular e hei ai lakou. Eia hou, ka pae'āina neutrophils ma'aʻaʻa? Aiiio ma hope o hoʻopau o ka maʻiʻaʻai.

macrophages

Mau kumu no hoi i ka hiki e phagocytose (ka hopu) pathogenic keena, a luku aku ia lakou. Decontamination konohiki hua mai la i ka intracellular kiʻekiʻe. Macrophages noho ma kekahi 'ano. No ka laʻana, ka mea, i ka hiki i ka extracellular (extracellular) ka make. Ma waho o nā kumu mua 'ole i loko o'aʻaʻa remodeling.

aiiieieoaeuii

Ma waho o ka luna keena ma ka pili-kekahi'ōnaehana paleʻea'ōnaehana he kūlohelohe a me ka lymphokine-ho'ā 'kai keena. Mau kumu i hiki o ka pepehi anaʻeho konohiki o ka maʻiʻaʻai. ole kai aeee i manaoia hapa o ka hoʻoʻino pane. Eia naʻe, 'ole-kekahi e hoʻonele, paani ae la lakou i kekahi mau manamana nui. A hooku iho i loko o ka'ōnaehana eosinophils. Nā polokina lākou mau granules mea mana ma luna o ka helu ana o parasites.

li nui

O ka papa kuhikuhi hana o keia naoh lawelawe 'ana kaawale ana o pathogenic meaola a me kā lākou mau toxins i loko o nā'aʻaʻa infiltrated, a laila lākou luku. Of mau nui i loko o ka hoʻoʻino kaʻina i histamine, serotonin a me nā biologically hana eiiiiiaiou. Ka mea, he hoʻonui i ka mea ulu ma ka capillary permeability, hiki i ka hooulu ana o ka edema. Ke kinowai makana i loko o ka hoʻomāhuahua paena konohiki i neutrophils, macrophages, lāʻau lapaʻau kino, hoʻokō. Ka mea, i neutralization o koʻohune a me kā lākou mau toxins. Ma o ka wahi o ka li nui pulakaumaka phagocytes. Ka mea i hana i kekahi ano o ka ke'ākeʻakeʻa mai e ālai 'ia' o ka laha o ka maʻiʻaʻai. Ua hoi hoʻomaka e loaa fibrinogen. Haliu ae la ia i ka fibrin, ka mea, ua hoakaka clotting o ka liilii, na moku ke koko a me ka lymph. Kēia hana i kekahi ke'ākeʻakeʻa mai i ka laha o ka maʻiʻaʻai e ia. O hoʻoʻino foci hihia hoʻi ke koko lako. Hiki ia hoʻomaka e loaaʻakika nā huahana o ka pūnao, a hoemiia pH. Ua he kūlana e loli ai i ka ulu a me nā'ōlelo o microorganisms.