Novgorod Kremlin. Velikiy Novgorod. Photos a me nā hōʻike manaʻo o ka hamama-ea iau

Where ka mea, o ka mea kahiko i loko o Rusia, ka Kremlin? Veliky Novgorod - keia mea i ke kūlanakauhale i kou makemake, e kipa ma ka mea e hoopa aku i ka aa o ke aupuni o ka mōʻaukala. Akā, ka mea, pela ka hana i ka mea kahiko wahi mea i kahi loihi, mai ka mea kupaianaha hulikoehana? Ecia e. Ke ahi, hoʻopuni, looting a me, ka hapanui importantly, o ka Apana World War i hoʻohina irreparable poino i na elemakuleʻEulopa kulanakauhale. He loa paʻakikī i waena o kēia mau hale (a hoopaa hoi i Khrushchev) e manao wale ia nei, ma keia wahi, e kū ana i ka Romanesque ekalesia a me hale aliʻi o keʻokeʻo pohaku. Akā, aha no Novgorod? Ua mea manawa e hookoe? Ma kēia 'atikala e kamaʻilio pū mākou e pili ana ia.

Ma hope o ke kālailai i ka pane o nā huakaʻi, ua hiki ke olelo me ka wiwo ole i ke kipa Novgorod Kremlin mea hiki i kekahi manawa, a ma kekahiʻano o ka ino. Hele ai i ka iau mea pono ke kumukuai o ia kālā. A ahu iho la ma hope, ahu iho, ua waihoia ma ka Kremlin, ka mōʻaukala o Rusia. Aia mea i pono, e ke kanana nei i kou manaʻo ma Novgorod Ahaolelo, i ka 'aha hoʻokolokolo o Alexander Nevsky a me ka mea kahiko Hale Pule Nui. I kekahi manawa, ke alakaʻi mai nei, e kuhikuhi ana i kekahi mea: "O ka remake." A, ma hope o ka ihola, i mai la oia :. "O ka umikumamahiku kenekulia" Kahikoʻaneʻi mea palpable, i nanaia. E ka kumumea i ka mōʻaukala o Novgorod Kremlin, a mai ka loa kinohi mai o kona ho okumu.

He aha ka ke Kremlin?

Veliky Novgorod, e like me ka etymology o ka inoa, o ka "hou kulanakauhale". A me kahi i ke kahiko kekahi? Ua kūkulu Old Slavic Luna Hooponopono ma luna o ka loina i Western moʻolelo kapa incastellomento, oa "i loko o ka pā pōhaku." Ua mai nā Kelemānia kūlanakauhale hoʻolālā, ka wā i pā hale kākela kū ma luna o ka puʻu, a me ka iki hou mortals noho. I kahiko, Slavic kulanakauhale e like me Kiev, aiiay paia o ka pau ana i hoʻopuni. Akā, laila, i ka Vikings i lawe mai i ko lakou iho, Kelemānia, aoao. Puʻu i koe nö hoʻi i loko o ka maka o ka hiki enemi. A me ke aliʻi i loko o ke kenekulia umikumamakahi i kukulu ai no ia ia iho a me kona mau aliʻi paʻa i kākela. I pili i ke ana kahiko ia la ia mea e like me ka hou kulanakauhale. Hope, ka mea huli i ka Novgorod.

Prince dissociated mai kona poe kanaka. Ma ka Ukrainian 'ōlelo, ka loa archaic, ka mea kani e like "vіdokremlyuvatisya". I ka mole o ka verb, a mālama ihola iā like me ka inoa i ka mea hou pakaua. Akā,ʻaʻole wale i ka noho ana o ka feudal haku, a me kona ohana i ka Kremlin. Novgorod i ka kaianoho koholā, a hele mai i ke aliʻi, chelyadnikov, 'elele o ka naita ma a me ka hoʻomana Aupuni. Pela ka Kremlin mea pinepine kekahi inoa - Detinets. Ka mea, ua i wale hoʻomalu, akā, i ka waena kaiāulu. Aia hiki Novgorod Veche. Ma keia wahi no hoi i ke kulanakauhale o ka Hale Pule Nui.

Where o ka Kremlin?

Ano Detinets paʻa i hale kiaʻi ma luna o nā kapa o ke Volkhov muliwai. Reviews aku nei au i ka mea momona a hoʻokokoke i ka Kremlin, mai ka Ilmen - nani a me ka nui Lake. I ka nui o ka wai kō wale fabulousness i loko o ka indescribable nani o ka panorama. Bell ringing ua lawe pioʻia aku, a me na pa, a me ka hale kiaʻi oʻulaʻula pōhaku lepo mea e hover ma luna o ka ili o ka moanawai. Akā, iauaeoia oo? Ecia e malama i ka manao ana no kekahi tausani makahiki, ua loli ka panorama he iki. Ano, e like me ma mua, Volkhov kahe ana mai o Lake Ilmen. Akā, i loko o ka wā kahiko,ʻo ia pili ana i ka'āina haʻahaʻa-e moe ana ma luna o nā mokupuni lehulehu. A i ka wā o ka Vikings hiki iʻaneʻi, ka mea, ka inoa o keia wahi "Holmgard". A 'o ia hoʻi wale "i ka'āina o nā mokupuni".

Eia ma keia wahi, a me nāʻaoʻao hoopuniia e ka wai, a hoomaka ae la e kūkulu Vladimir, ke keiki a Yaroslava Mudrogo, i ka 1044 kona Kremlin. Veliky Novgorod kali nani o ka nui kālepa kulanakauhale, akā, laila, i ka huli ana o ka umi-umikumamakahi kenekulia, ka mea, ua he uuku noho. ʻepekema mea nō arguing, mua Detinets Ua waiho ia ma ka mea i ka moku. Akā,ʻaʻohe mea i kanalua i ka mua o kona pā, i i o ka lāʻau. Loa paha, i ka pā kaua e ku i ka Media mokupuni. Ano ia mea hapa o Detintsa ma waena o Vladimir a me Prechistenskaya hale kiaʻi. Akā, he mea kekahi nānaina. Ka mua Kremlin ke ia i loko o ka wahi ma kēia manawa ua noho Episcopal pahale, i mea, ma ka'ākau mokupuni.

pohaku, hana

Na mahope moolelo o ka Novgorod Kremlin ua pili ia i ka inoa o ke alii o Polotsk Vseslav, ka mea i loko o 1065 hoʻopio i ka hale käkela. Nui ia ia ka poino ka mea, i ole, kena ae la i ke kulanakauhale, akā, like unwelcome makaikai i ka Novgorodians puʻe wale akula kēlā i ka manaʻo e pili ana i ke kūkuluʻana i ka nui waiwai nui pā Detintsa. Reviews o iauaeoia oo? Ecia e aʻo aku ai iā ia e lohe ana i ke alanui e alakai ana i ka uapo ma ka Kremlin. Ma ka waena o ke kenekulia umikumamakahi, ia e pili ana i nā wahi e pili ana Person o ka hopena a me kēiaʻaoʻao Nerevskoy. No laila, e puka mau Detintsa hoʻomaha a me Probojnaja Main Street. A me ka papa alanui o ka Kremlin iho ua Biskuplya ( 'o ia hoʻi Episcopal alanui). Ua Ua no laila, kapa no ka mea, i kukulu i ke alahaka no ka mea, i loko o ka Kauhalenui kala. Kēia alanui nā keʻa ka Susana, mai ka hikina a hiki i komohana, a hele aku la iwaho ma ka uwapo nui ma ka Volkhov. A pela, ma hope o ka 1097 o ka lāʻau Detinets hookahi hou ke ahi, Prince Mstislav (keiki a Vladimir Monomakh) kauoha e oki i ka hou pakaua. Nā hana i pau i ka 1116, ka Novgorod Kremlin (Detinets) me ka nui loa, a mahuahua nui ma ka nui. He mea akaka, mai ka chronicle: "Pohorje Detinets, a waiho iho la Mstislav Novgorod pervago hou." No ka mea mua Kremlin i pipili Hikina ─kau (OCD) a me ka hema (okolotok) kauwahi. E like me ka hapanui moʻolelo, ka mea, ua i loko o ka hoʻomaka o ka umikumamalua o ka kenekulia Detinets i kona makana nui. Akā, e like me ka mea, e olelo aku i ka nāʻana, mea e ike i kēia lā malihini, ka mea pili i ka hope wā.

pōhaku Kremlin

No kona manawa (ka umikumamakahi o-umikumamalua kenekulia) laau Detinets ua ike loea pakaua. Hookahi wale Polotsk ka luna i hiki ke paʻa ia. Akā, i loko o kaʻumikumamākolu kenekulia i nā kūlana o ka hoʻopuniʻana hoʻololi. Aia ua hoolei mea kaua, wale pohaku pā i hiki ke ku imua o. ¶ A i mai la ke kaua o ka poe a pau o Batu Khan, i akaaka malu Rusia. Veliky Novgorod, mea pōmaikaʻi, pakele looting. Akā, na rula i ia manawa Kauhalenui manao e pili ana i hooikaika e ana oia i ka mea e malu ai ioeaie Detintsa. E like me ka moʻolelo, i ka hope o ka laau pakaua o ka pohaku i wahi kiʻekiʻe ma ka huli ana o ke kenekuliaʻumikumamākolu-ʻumikumamāhā, i kēia mau hana hoʻomaka me Vladychny iwilei.

Reviews aku nei au i laila, i kukulu iho la i ka hale kiai kahiko Detintsa mea i ola ai i ka keia lā: ke alahou ana, a me ka Mea e Olaʻi (1297), 'ohana ka palekana (1305), a Vladimir (1311). Ma ka Middle Ages ka luna o kēia mau hale Pelekane puka ekalesia. Bishop Basil ma ka ke kanakolu o ke kenekulia umikumamaha ua hoʻoikaika Detinets. He auou caiaiai i ka laau paia o ka pohaku, a kukulu iho la kekahi mau hou hale kiaʻi. Chronicle o 1333 hai mai ai i "ka haku o ke kulanakauhale o Kamen no me ka pospeshestvovaniem i ke Akua i loko o nā makahiki." Mahope Metropolitans - o Mose i ka 1360 ka a me John ma na 1400s - e hooikaika, a hoʻonui Detintsa pā, kukulu hou me nā hale kiaʻi. Ma kaʻumikumamālima kenekulia, i ka hana a hoolaha aku i ka okolotok.

Kremlin luakini

Detinets i ole wale no ka hoʻomalu waena o ke kūlanakauhale, akā, i ka piko o kona spirituality. No ia mea, na ekalesia Novgorod Kremlin he o nui nui. Ka mua o kēia, Sophia, i kūkulu pū me ka nui Detinets. Prince Vladimir Yaroslavovich i ka 1045, hoomaka ae la e kukulu ana o ka luakini a me ka mea nō e ae ana e ike ia hopena. I ka ekalesia i kukulu ia i loko o ehiku makahiki. Ua Ua hoʻolaʻaʻia i loko o 1502, ma hope a ke alii i ola i ka mahina. He ua kanuʻiaʻo ia i loko o nā paia o ka mea kahiko Hale Pule Nui o Rusia.

Reviews hōʻike i ka luakini e kipa. Aia i ke koena o frescoes o kaʻumikumamālua kenekulia. Nō hoʻi, ua aʻo aku ai iā iauaeoia oo? Ecia, e hoʻolohe i ka puka nui o ka luakini. E like me oe i ike, ua i ka mea, i loko o ka umikumamalua kenekulia i loko o Magdeburg. Loko o ka Capella mea hana hoihoi, e nana i ka wahi Ivana Groznogo. Ua ua i ka lāʻau a me ka hoʻonaniʻia i ke kalakalaiʻana. Akā, no papa, ke kumu nui attraction o ka luakini o ka necropolis - ka mea kahiko i loko o ka Orthodox Rusia.

No emi o ka Hale Pule Nui, hana hoihoi a me ka bele hale kiaʻi o ka Novgorod Kremlin. Ka mua hoomanao ana o keia kia o ka kuhikuhipuʻuone hai aku i ka 1437. Iauaeoia oo? Ecia e i ka manao e hele aku e ike i ka exhibition o ka bele, i kahi ma luna o ka lua o ka papahele o ka Campanile. Waleʻaneʻi akoakoa mai la ia i ka piha ohi. A ina oe e ole e molowa, a piʻi i ke kilo papahele, e hiki keʻai manao o ka Novgorod Nui, mai ka puʻu kaua o ka manu mahuka. Ma ka hema o ka ekalesia ua ke aupuni 'Detintsa Andreya Stratilata. Mua ka mea, ua hapa o ka mea kahiko (1167-73 GG.) Boris a me Gleb ekalesia. Tradition mai nei i ka papa kuhikuhiE mau pou o ke kūkulu o ka ekalesia i i ka hili Sytinich (kuai Sadko). Archbishop Euthymius i ka 1441 hoomakaukau hou i ka luakini i loko o ka palapala i ke ike i keia la.

Episcopal pahale

Ma ke kanakolu o ka umikumamalua kenekulia ma Novgorod aliʻi hoʻokiwikā aupuni a ka lehulehu. Power o ka luna lilo aneane palena iki. All hoʻoholo ia ma ka Veche. Detinets like me ka hōʻailona o ka mana i loko o ke kūlanakauhale, hele i ka Novgorod Repubalika. A hoʻoneʻe i ke alii a hiki i ka ho okumu ana.

Auwe, i ka wā o ke aupuni a ka lehulehu i loko o Rusia he no ka lōʻihi. Soon mana ma Novgorod malie hele aku la i ka Orthodox Church. hoomaka koke Archbishops e ka Haku i ka Novgorod Kremlin. Lākou noho - Episcopal pahale - noho ana i ka nui loa o ka Susana. Ma waho aʻeo ia noho, a kalepa hale, a he ka hailona ana i na ekalesia. Reviews ikaika paipai ole wale, e nānā aku i ka Episcopal pahale, akā, no hoi, e hele aku e ike i ka noho ana o na archbishops - Faceted keena. Ua mea, ka mea i hiki mai ia i ka wale hale o ka luna 'ia mākou, mai ka hapa mua o kaʻumikumamālima kenekulia.

Ka mua noho ana o ka noho ai ua Euthymios lua. He kauoha e kūkulu lākou mau keʻena i loko o ka Kokika kaila. Ma ka hana o ka ekolu o yoa? Iiai o ka pōhaku lepo o ka Kelemānia kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone. Reviews e hōʻike 'ia i waena o nā interiors o ka hale aliʻi i ua malamaia hakina o ka palapala pa pena. Kēia keʻena haku i nāʻelele i halawai ecclesiastical hale ma waho, e paa ana ia i kaʻahaʻaina. No hoi, aole i hele i ka Novgorod hale kanawai - o ka 'Aha o Masters.

Ano, Faceted keʻena ma luna o ka iau. Pae'ōnaehana aaeei waiū, a wehewehe e pili ana i ka "uku" ola o archbishops, o ia kela lā, mai ka umi a hiki i umikumamawalu hola, lā aku - Monday, a me ka mua Wednesday o kēlā me kēia mahina. Eia hou, i loko o ka hale, he mau paʻa nā hōʻike - Jewelry a me nā mea noʻeau, a me nā akamai.

Novgorod ka ka piʻiʻana i ka Moscow na'lii a

Kēia hanana radically hoʻololi i ka hopena o ka veche Repubalika, iloko i ka 1478. Ivan III, Duke o Moscow, Novgorod aina i hoohui i kā lākou moku'āina. Together me ke kuokoa o ka mea o ka hala, a me ka nani hanohano o ke kulanakauhale. He mea hou he lâlâ o ka Hanseatic o Oʻahu, a ua he noho malie ua panalaau la, a, nae, pâʻani 'o ia kūlana nui i loko o ka hoomalu ana o ke kūkulu'ākau-komohana palena o ka hou moku'āina. No laila, i ka 1484 Ivan "nachasha waiho ma ke kumu o ke kulanakauhale kahiko Detinets pohaku." I ka pā kaua o Great Novgorod OOAOAaXUEE morally. Tsar Ivan III kauoha, e hoʻonui i ka loopholes hale kiaʻi e deploy i ka pū kī. Malamaia a me ka waiwai e lilo aku i kēia mau hana, e like me a kekahi hapakolu o ka lilo o ka uhi Archbishop Gennady.

? Aeiino? Detintsa ua o ka ua nui ana mākou ke olelo, ka mea i kukulu hou ia, albeit ma luna o nā kumu kahiko. Akā, laila, i loko o nā nineties o kaʻumikumamālima kenekulia, ke Novgorod Kremlin i ke kiʻi i ke ike kēia manawa. Kekahi mau hale kiaʻi i pau ma hope, like, no kekahi laʻana, Cocuy, kūkuluʻia ma lalo o Petero ka Nui. Akā, me ka mau, nā hōʻike manaʻo a pau koi i ka Great Novgorod Detinets hāpai i ka hele i loko o kaʻumikumamālima kenekulia.

Towers Novgorod Kremlin

Iauaeoia oo? Ecia luku mana o ke kūlana pale paia o ka kilohana Susana. Lākou mānoanoaʻilikai i nā wahi: ma luna o ka ekolu a me ka hapalua i oi aku mamua o eono mau mika. Aʻokoʻa ke kiʻekiʻe o ka pā, no hoi. Ma kekahi wahi, ua hoalaia ka mea, i umikumamalima mika, oiai ma kekahi - wale ewalu. A kiʻiona hiʻona o Detintsa ma Novgorod i ka puka pā ekalesia. Kēia Hōʻike 'o ka haipule, a me ka naita ma ka mana o ka archbishops.

Kekahi Kremlin hale kiaʻi i ole ola i ko kakou manawa. Ma ka paena o ke alahou ana, a Prechistenskaya (Mother o ke Akua,) e hoʻokokoke mai e pio mai ka hele ana. Akā, ma ka pau ana o ka hale kiaʻi umikumamalua ola eiwa, ia oe e olelo,ʻaʻole ino. A pau i pili e ala. Iauaeoia oo? Ecia e i ka manao e piʻi i ka Cocuy. Kēia he kanaha-mika wati kiai, i kala i ka pau apana. Mai kona kilo kāhiko 'oe e mahalo Anthony ka hoailona, a me ka Yaroslav Aha. A ma ka maopopo lā me kona hiki i ka bele halekiai o ka hoailona i loko o St. George. Tower Palace (1484-1499 GG.) Nā noi Nā he loa hana hoihoi exhibition. Inā 'oe e ike i ka Novgorod Kremlin me ke keiki, eʻoiaʻiʻo, e lawe i ka nānā i ia. Kekahi o na nā hōʻike hoolilo i kahiko ana i ka Lūkini meʻeʻumikumamālua i kaʻumikumamāhiku o ka kenekulia.

ʻO nā moolelo o ka Novgorod Susana,

Ma ke ala o ka Slavic patriotism hoihoi i loko o ka wa kahiko Russian ma ka Kremlinʻikeʻia i loko o ka umikumamaiwa kenekulia. I ka pau ana o keia kenekulia, ua hookoia moʻolelo malamaia halekiai inoa mea e ole kokoke hoʻopili like i ka mōʻaukala inoa. Mua māhele o ka pakaua pa i nākiʻi i Church ka puka. Ia mea, aia no i ke alahou ana, Bogorodnitskaya hale kiaʻi, a no laila, ma luna o. D. Ano ka mea, e kapaʻia Prince, ka Kauhalenui, Palace, Kokui. I ka 1862, ma ka waena konu o ka Kremlin ma ke alo o ka Emperor Alexander II, a me kona 'ohana wehe i kekahi kia hoʻolaʻa i ka Ka Wā Kaukani o Rusia. A ua he respectable hui e like UNESCO, a me ka mea a pau huahelu o ka Novgorod Susana, i loko o ka papa inoa o ka World Pili I Ka hoʻoilina o ka manaʻo kanaka. I ka makahiki 1865 hapa o keia Ensemble i hai aku i ka iau-no?. E kiʻi iʻaneʻi, aole e haawi i ka hana. Veliky Novgorod, Kremlin - helu wahi, mai keia nohona kula o loa mea. A me Detinets ike mai kekahi hapa o ke kulanakauhale kahiko.

A kipa i ka Novgorod Kremlin: ka nānaina o kaʻahele

i haawiia mai Reviews e ike i ka Hale i ka pau luna 'o ka Susana. Ma waho aku la ia ia i loko o ka Kremlin hoonoho Regional Library, Philharmonic Hall, College o Arts, hoihoi hou ia ana nā hālāwai hoʻonaʻauao, mele a me nā kula nō. Malia paha i ka ke kumu hana o ka a pau luna 'ka loa maikaʻi no iauaeoia oo? Ecia: mai eono i loko o ke kakahiaka a hiki i ke aumoe. Ka nui mokuna o ka Kremlin kuhi i ka pono, e makaikai i nā mea a pau lā a me ka hōʻoluʻolu kamaa. i aʻo aku ai iā Reviews e lawe kekahi kanaka huakaʻi - no laila, e aʻo hou aku e pili ana i ka Kremlin. Iauaeoia oo? Ecia ia i Detintsa hale kiaʻi a me kekahi hapa o ka mea, e like me ka Episcopal pahale, i kā lākou 'ole o ka hana. Kekahi wehe i he umikumamakahi i loko o ke kakahiaka. E hele mai i ka Kremlin ia mea maikaʻi,ʻaʻole ma Monday, no ka mea, ma ia lā o ka hebedoma i loko o na hale kiai o ka Novgorod Susana, ia auoiaea. Oe keʻai i loko o ka cafe, stylized Middle Ages. Aia ka nāʻana e hoolea ana sbiten a me kvass.