Nucleolar oihana i loko o ka halepaahao mea? Ke nucleolus: 'ole a me ka ho'āʻo

Ka halepaahao o ke kumu o ka mokuna o ke ola meaola ma ka Honua, me ka ua i ka luna 'Nine Inch hui kanu'ōiwi nā kapa organelles. O nā ka nucleus, ke 'ole a me ka mana o ka a mākou e makaikai i loko o kēia' atikala.

Hiʻona o eukaryotic nuclei

Nucleated aeee i loko o kona haku mele 'ana he' ole-ʻili lahilahi organelles ua hoʻokōʻia, pūhaka o karyoplasm, a kapa nucleolus paha nucleoli. Ka mea, i ike aku i loko o ka 19th kenekulia. Ano lawa aʻo nucleoli ma huina'ine microscopy. Ua aneane a na 50s o ka 20th kenekulia nucleolar kuleana pili i ole, ua hōʻike ', a me nā kānakaʻepekema noʻonoʻo i kēia organelle, e aho, me he? Aieeeua o hoʻokoe' ona i hoʻohana i mitosis.

Hoikehonua, noiʻi i hoʻokumu i ka organoid nā granules nucleoprotein ano. A, biochemical ho okolohua hookupaa iho la ia i ka organelle maupaʻa he nui helu o nā polokina. I ka mea, i kona kiʻekiʻe nuʻa. Eia kekahi proteids, nucleoli makana i loko o ka haku mele 'ana o ka uuku nui o ka RNA a me ka DNA.

aeea kalapona

Interestingly, ma ka ola o ka halepaahao, a he no i kahi e oʻioʻi wā (interphase) a me ka mahele (meiosis - ka ke keka, mitosis - ka somatic halepaahao), nucleoli waiho waho ikaika. No laila, i loko o ka interphase nucleus me ka nucleolus, i hana - malama ana o ka genome a me ke kahua o ka kumuʻiʻo-synthesizing organelles i ike pono. I ka hoʻomaka o ka halepaahao mahele, o prophase, nalo ka mea, a me ka hou-i hanaʻia ma ka hopena o ka telophase wale, ua mālama i loko o ka hīnaʻi manu a hiki i ka kekahi mahele paha, e apoptosis - kona lukuia ana.

nucleolus hoʻokuhikuhi

Ma na 30s o ka hope ke kenekulia,ʻepekema i loaʻa i ke kahua o ka nucleoli ua hoi malalo o ko kekahi mau pauku o kekahi mau chromosomes. Ka mea, pihaʻi me nā'ōewe, a hoahu 'ike e pili ana i mea' ole a me ka mea mau i ka mana o ka nucleolus i loko o ka halepaahao. Aia He He mea hoʻopili ma waena o ka nui o nucleolar hoʻokuhikuhi a me organelles lākou iā lākou iho. No ka laʻana, ka mea ʻApelika Waena Kauwaʻupali rana kekahi i loko o kona karyotype elua nucleolus chromosome, a pela ma na nuclei o somatic aeee ia mea mau nucleoli.

Mai ka nucleolus mana e like me kona alo ua me ka pili loa aeea mahele a me ke kahua o ribosomes, na organelles lakou nele i loko o loa hana kūikawā lolo'aʻaʻa, ke koko, a ma ka zygote blastomeres lāʻau kīkī wela.

amplification o nucleoli

Ke kemikala mua interphase a me ka DNA replication pakiko-a pāpālua hoʻi ia lŘlŘ oi o rRNA nā'ōewe. Mai ka papa kuhikuhi hana o ka nucleolus - ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o ribosomes, ma ka pili 'o Randy me ka overexpression o ka loci DNA e lawe' ike e pili ana i ka RNA dramatically māhuahua i ka helu o kēia mau organelles. Nucleoproteins, i pili i na chromosomes hoʻomaka e kuleana pili i autonomously. E like me ka hopena - he iiiaanoaa nucleoli ma nucleus i hanaia, mamao loa ia iho mai ka nucleolar chromosomes. O kŰia ua kapa amplification o rRNA nā'ōewe. Hoomau ana i ka hana o ka nucleolus i loko o ka halepaahao, e hoʻopaʻa haʻawina, ua e hoailona oukou i ka K'lauea o ka hoʻololi kemikala ia lŘlŘ ma meiotic prophase o meiosis, ai ka mea oocytes mua e komo mau haneri nucleoli.

Ke liluwelo manaʻo nui o kēia kŰia i ike ia e noonoo ia ma na kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao kakahiaka o ka embryogenesis: palaoa a me ka blastulation, e pono i ka nui nui o ribosomes synthesizing i ka papa kuhikuhiE hale nā - kumuʻiʻo. Amplification - 'ano, he pono ole ke kaʻina hana no, ka mea, e wahi i loko o ka oogenesis o ka mea kanu, nā mea kolo, amphibians, hūʻole, a me kekahi mau protists.

Histochemical haku mele 'ana organelles

Mākou e hoʻomau i ka hoʻopaʻa ' ana o eukaryotic keena a me ko lakou mau hale, a me ka noonoo i ka nucleolus,' ole a me ka oihana a i interrelated. Ua ua loaʻa i ka mea iloko ona ekolu ke ano o na oihana mua:

1. Nukleonemy (whiskers ho okumu). Ka mea, e heterogeneous, a iloko fibrils a me ka popo lepo hookahi. E like me ka hapa o nā mea kanu a me ka holoholona keena, nukleonemy palapala fibrillar-oaio? A. Cytochemical 'ole a me ka hana ana o ka nucleolus mea i kalele iho ma ke alo ma loko o ka'ōpū mai - he pukapuka o ka maopopo kahi kumuʻiʻo tertiary' ole o nā nā lātoma.
2. Vacuoles (Naauao).
3. Granular pellets (nucleolin).

Mai ka viewpoint o Nine Inch Ka Ikepili, ka organoid ninoieo kokoke loa o ka RNA, a kumuʻiʻo a me DNA mea ma kona periphery wale, ho okumu i ka annular 'ole - okoloyadryshkovy chromatin.

No laila, ua hoʻokūpaʻa mākou i ka 'ole o ka nucleolus ua haku o elima ē aʻei: ka granular a me ka fibrillar-oaio? A, chromatin, ke kumuʻiʻo reticulum a anuanu fibrillar ke keʻena.

'ano o nā nucleoli

Biochemical 'ole o kēia mau organelles hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka halepaahao' ano i loko i ka mea e noho ana, e like me nā 'ano o ko lākou pūnao. Hoomaopopo 5 'ano o ka walaʻauʻana mall nucleoli. Me Kinohi - reticular, ka loa, he pono ole, a ua wehewehe aku ma ka nui o ke anuanu fibrillar mea ōpū a me nucleoproteins nucleons. Ke kaʻina hana o ka 'ike rewriting nucleolar hoʻokuhikuhi ka loa kaila, no laila, ke fibrillar-oaio? A i poorly hiki ma lalo o ka microscope.

Mai ka papa kuhikuhi hana o ka nucleolus i loko o ka halepaahao - ka hoʻololi kemikala o ribosomal subunits, no i hana i ka kumuʻiʻo-synthesizing organelles, ka reticularʻano o ka hui hoʻomaopop 'ana i loko o nā mea kanu a me nā holoholona keena. Nucleoli annularʻano lŘlŘ ma connective'aʻaʻa aeee: lymphocytes a me endothelial keena, nona nā'ōewe i kāna mete ia rRNA kokoke. i loaʻa koena nucleoli ma aeee loa hoʻi i ka hiki i ka Ekolu a, no kekahi laʻana, normoblasts a me enterocytes.

Ua Segregatedʻano o ka hoʻomaopop 'ana i keena hoano e intoxication carcinogens, antibiotics. Eia hoi, he olelo hoopomaikaiʻano o nucleolar fibrillar-oaio? A wehewehe aku ma ka 'ia paha, a me ka uuku o ka nucleons.

Nucleolar kumuʻiʻo'ōpū mai

Mākou e hoʻomau i ka hoʻopaʻa 'ana o ka kipi' ole o ka Kernel hale, a hooholo ka mea i ka mana o ka nucleolus ma ka halepaahao pūnao. Ua ua ikeia ia ma kahi o 60% e maloo kaumaha e kau mai ma luna o kēia organelle nā polokina mea e i chromatin, ribosomal (particles), e like me kupono nucleolar nā polokina. E mākou huli ia i loko o au mamuli. Part o na proteids mea hoʻomau ana ma ka aaioee - i ke kahua o ka oo ribosomal RNA. Mau nā RNA polymerase 1 a me ka nuclease e wehe i oi triplets me nā mea a pau rRNA nā lātoma. Kumuʻiʻo fibrillarin ke aupuni 'ma anuanu fibrillar ke keʻena, a, e like nuclease a me ka hanaʻia aaioee. Kekahi kumuʻiʻo - nucleolin. Together me fibrillarin ia mea i loko o ka PFC, a FC nucleoli a me nucleolar hoʻokuhikuhi chromosome prophase o mitosis.

Oia polypeptide like nukleofozin ke aupuni 'o granular ciia, a me ka anuanu fibrillar ke keʻena, ia' oe e komo i loko o ke kahua o ka ribosomal 40 S a me 60 S subunits.

He aha ke ano o ka nucleolus

Ke hoʻololi kemikala o ribosomal RNA - ka papa hana o ka i mea e hana nucleoli. I keia manawa, ma kona ili honua (a laila ma fibrillar-oaio? A) ia lŘlŘ Ekolu a ma ka'ūhū RNA polymerase. Ma keia nucleolar hoʻokuhikuhi synthesized haneri o ka mālama '-ribosomes ribonucleoprotein kapa globules. O ka poe i hana ribosomal subunits i ma ka nukelea ili, a haʻalele karyoplasm ia lakou iho i loko o ka halepaahao cytoplasm. Ka uuku subunit 40S ua pili i ka elele RNA, a wale ma hope o ia ka mea nui subunit 40S ua pili ia ia. Image o ka oʻo ribosome hiki ia oe, e hōʻike - ka hoʻololi kemikala o ke kelepona hele nā polokina.

Ma keia 'atikala mākou nucleolar' ole a me ka hana i aʻo i ka mea kanu a me nā holoholona keena.