Nui 'enekinia, mea kanu ma Rusia

Rusia - hanalima aina me ka mōʻaukala lōʻihi o hanalima? Acaeoey. Alaila, hula ka Lūkini mīkini-kukulu ana mea kanu i alakai kūlana i loko o ka hoʻokele waiwai aupuni. Ka huina o ka leo o ka hanalima? Iecaianoaaiiuo ke kaʻana like 'ana o ka' enekinia, huahana mea i loko o ka laulā o 20%. He He maikai awelika ilikai,, ia nae mea pono, e mahuahua, no ka mea, ma ka helu o industrialized'āina, keia aka mea kokoke i ka 40% a oi.

Place hana ma Lūkini hana

Russian mechanical e 'enekinia, i loko o ka' ole o ka hoʻokele waiwai o ke aupuni, hana nui loa ia i ka mua wahi me ka wāwahie wahie hana, a me ka nui loa aku i nā nāʻoihana o ka hoʻokele waiwai. Ma hope o'opi o ka USSR, kona kaʻana like i loko o ka "mau piggy" me ka 28% (1990) olokaa mai i ka 16% (1995), akā, laila, hoomaka ae la he ala apuupuu ke ola. Ma ka hoʻomaka o ka XXI kenekulia kii mahuahua i 19%, a me ka 2015 - i 22%.

I ka 2013, i ka Lūkini mīkini-hale nā hale hana hoʻolimalima i $ 190 ieeeea? (6 trillion rubles). Total i loko o Rusia, he 19 hanalima eiiieaenu, oi ma mua o ka haneri iiaciiie-nāʻoihana a me nā kanaka hana. Ka 'enekinia' ole ma 40.000 pāʻoihana o nā mea a pau nui like 'ole a me kekahi mau ano o ka ona (2000 o ia - nui poe), i ka kekahi hapakolu o ka huina helu o ka hanalima hana. 1/3 o ka huina hana heluna kanaka ua hana i loko o ka hana: oi ma mua o 4.5 miliona kanaka (3.5 miliona o ia - ka hana). A nui helu o nā limahana e hoʻoholo i ka nohona nui o ke kaiaulu i ka hoʻolako 'hana.

mōʻaukala 'ike

Kanaka i loko o Rusia i hana i ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia aaioee mai ka pō mai. Ma ka Urals, ke ana kahiko loaʻa kahi hehee mea hiki ke hooheheeia, a i ka mea iʻano o nā huahana oi ma mua o 6,000 makahiki aku nei. Ma Kievan Rus ia i loko o ka X kenekulia, ua nui nā hālāwai hoʻonaʻauao, paka luna 'huahana. Ma ka XII kenekulia, ko kākou mau kūpuna E ka Haku e huli a me ka mīkini wili pōhaku machines. Naʻe, ka mea mua mīkini-hale kanu ma Rusia iʻikeʻia i loko o ka XVI kenekulia. Ka mea, Ua pili me ka mea kaua hihia, a waiho i loko o Tula. ? Iecaianoaaiiuo Ua nānā 'ana i kaiakū hao e hoohehee ai, akā, ka mea, ua heluna hapauuku liʻiliʻi, hakina a me ka' ole-systemic.

A hoʻokahuli aupuni loli ma ka hana ana ma lalo o Peter I, ka mea i kaʻeleu expansionist pilikino E pili. Kona poe koa lawa ka nui o ke kālā no nā mea kaua, a me nā lako a pan. Me ka loaʻa o ka nui hoʻokomo kālā o ka hao ka mea e hoohehee i loko o nā Urals malaila i hana a me ka mīkini-hale hana,ʻano nui me na mea kaua.

locomotives hana

I ka laulā o ka pae o ka hana huahana hiki aku ai i ka oiaio i na mea he nui o ka nui mīkini-hale lālā ma Rusia, i ka mikanele Hookah o kekahi mau huahana, i ka mea ia manawa i ka kŘpa a uuku kuai puke i loko o ke koi pohō a hua'ōlelo. Me ka nui loa Lūkini poʻe i loko o ka wahie hana, metallurgy a me ka petrochemical na hana e like me ka olelo o ka manaʻo o kekahi "AvtoVAZ" AHK "Sukhoi", OJSC "GAZ" pae "wai" a me OJSC "KAMAZ".

I ka helu o ke alakaʻi o nāʻano nui kaʻa poʻe (kivila 'enekinia, iiaciiie-kaiaulu a me ka mea kiekie loa kaʻana like i loko o ka' ole o ia auoiaea o ka 'enekinia, huahana) a me ka V., a me ka huina helu o ka nui mīkini-hale? Iecaianoaaiiuo (me ka makahiki huli o ka oi mamua o 5 ieeeea? Rubles), kŘpa a uuku.

Ona a me FPG

Russian mechanical e 'enekinia, i loko o nā makahiki ma luna o ke ala o ke kahua o ka malama ana i poe a me kālā-hanalima pūʻulu (fiku). A pau keia ua malama like me ka hou 'ana o ka mīkini-hale poe, a ona, hanaia ma mua makahiki (OMZ, ka mana' enekinia, hui, "New? Ia? Aiiu a me ka manaÿo" a me na mea e ae), a me ke kahua o ka hou pūʻulu i hanaʻia ma luna o ke kumu o ke kumukuai, hoʻolimalima i loko o nā hana. Ka loa kekahi '? Aiey i loko o ka hana' enekinia kila poʻe, i kūpono i loko o ke kahua o ke kaʻa ikaika FPG "RusPromAvto" a me ka pae o ka ulia kaʻa poe "Severstal". E like me ka hopena o kekahi a me kekahi mau nui poʻe (pūʻulu) i hana ma ka hapanui iiaciiie-nāʻoihana, paa ia i loko o ka Hoʻohaku kūlana.

Ka nui loa mīkini-hale kanu i loko o Rusia

Ka papa inoa o ka poe i oi aku mamua o 12.000? Aaiuo, ua hoʻemi ma ke kauoha (mai ka 120 mai i kekahi mau kakini). Top 10 poe ma ka helu o ka poe hana ma muli o ka mea i undergone hana keaka loli ma kaʻumi makahiki i hala iho nei. A helu o nā hale hana maoli bankrupt, 'ē aʻe i me ka nui loa hoemiia kookoo. No ka laʻana, ua haawi aku i ka me nā papa o ka 'enekinia, kanaka nunui ma ko lakou mau piko a me keia la.

A oi piha papa inoa o ka nui pae'ōnaehana poʻe ma ka māhele mea like penei.

Central Federal District

Ma ke komohana, Lūkini kiʻekiʻe-ʻenehana pale hana e kia (e like, a me ka mokulele rocket? Iecaianoaaiiie, ea pale nenoai a me Radar pū, huila kaa), liuliu, hana, hana he ākea huahelu o ke kakolina diesel kiko'ī, alahao pono, hana a me ka lako a pan. Ma ka Kaluga māhele 'āina, aia nō i ka hono o na haole Manufacturers o Autos. Ia manawa, i ka wahi lulu auto like kānaka nunui AZLK a me ZIL nalowale grandeur.

• EKR hana "Almaz-Antey" (i ka huina helu o Group? Aaiuo eaa 98.000 kanaka). Ua nā ka Moscow Machine-Building Plant "Avangard" (i ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o Anati-mokulele Kao lele lako kaua), Dolgoprudnenskoe NPP (Anati-mokulele Kao lele lako kaua), NGOs LEMZ (radars), Moscow Radio 'enekinia, Plant (radios) a me na mea e ae.
• Khrunichev. M. V. Hrunicheva (43500 kanaka, Moscow.) - na alakai hana o ka rocket a me ka lewa oihana puolo. Aey? Acaeoey? A produces lawe rockets "Proton", "Angara".
• Moscow Machine-Building Plant "Banner o Hana" a me ka RAC "MiG" (14,500 kanaka, Moscow.) - i ke kala o ka ikaika "MiG".
• Car nā hale hana o na poʻe, "Renault Rusia" ( "Avtoframos", 2300 kanaka, Moscow.), "PSMA Rus» (PSA Peugeot Citroen a me ka Mitsubishi, Kaluga wahi.), "Volkswagen Group Rus" (Kaluga māhele 'āina.), "Volvo Vostok "(Kaluga māhele 'āina.) a me na mea e ae.
• RSC "Energia" (Korolev) - ke alakai rocket a me ka wā poʻe i loko o ke ao nei.
• V. "NPO Machine Building" (18,000 kanaka, Reutov.) - ka rocket a me ka 'ike loea hou lewa.
• MZ "ZIO-Podolsk" (4700 no ka.) - i ka ipu no ka nukelea mana kanu a me ChP mea kanu.
• "Kolomna hola" (6400 no ka.) - locomotives, uila locomotives, kakolina diesel lako a pan.
• Bryansk 'enekinia, Hana Hou (6800 no ka.) - locomotives, kaa.
• "Autodiesel" (Yaroslavl ulia kaʻa) -? Iecaianoaaiiuo kiko'ī.

Koro FD

Ma St. Petersburg, a Leningrad māhele i ka nui mīkini-hale kanu ma Rusia. Local shipyards kūlana 'he alakai kulana i loko o ka hana o ka oihana koa, a kivila pā hale. Mawaena wahi lulu poe koa e kanaka nunui nui pōʻeleʻele loa (200 aa i loko o ke kūlanakauhale waena) ku Kirovsky kaʻa kauō Plant, i ka papa kuhikuhiE loaa ana o ka mea i haehaeia la, e makemake ana ia ma mua o ke kalaʻana pili? Iecaianoaaiiuo. Next puka, he nui hola "Ford" ma Vsevolozhsk hana ,. Kekahi mīkini-hale, mawaena konu o ka aina, oia ke kulanakauhale o Severodvinsk, kahi e kūkulu mokuluu.

• "Sevmash" (25,000 kanaka, Severodvinsk.) - i ka hana o ka mokuluu.
• Shipyards o St. Petersburg: "Admiralty Shipyards" (, i ka mua hui kūlanakauhale o 8,000 kanaka) "Baltic Plant" (, 4000 O nā), "Severnaya Verf" (, 3500 O nā), "Mid-Nevsky" (ca. 1000 kanaka ..) .
• lako a pan no ka ikehu? iecaianoaaiiuo: ka Leningrad Metal Hana Hou (i ka 2017 hōʻailona a ka 160th lā hoʻomanaʻo, produces turbines), "Electrosila" (nā mīkini uila), "Izhora mea kanu" (no ka nukelea mana pono, mīkini hoʻeliʻeli).
• Autoenterprise Ford, chinatown, Nissan, Hyundai, General Hawaii, MAN, Scania.
• Lomo (St. Petersburg) -'ōnohi kani.
• Kirov kaʻa kauō Plant (8000 no ka.) - ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o "Kirovets" nā kaʻa kauō, na lako a pan.

Hawaiian FD

I ka papa kuhikuhiE holoʻana mana o ÿole mechanical 'enekinia, i loko o ka'āina o ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o ka mahiʻai hana a me ka ikehu lako a pan. Nui loa kaʻa Hookah a me TagAz Volgograd kaʻa kauō Plant haʻi bankrupt.

• Ka hana 'enekinia poe "Rostselmash" (10,000 kanaka, Rostov-ma-Don.) - ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o ka hui pu iho harvesters "Don" a me nā mahiʻai lako a pan.
• "Red boilermaker" (4400 Pax, Taganrog.) - i ka nui Hookah o ieoaeunoai lako a pan.
• "ATOMMASH" (Volgodonsk) - he alakai wale mai ana o ka lako a pan no nukelea mana kanu a me ChP mea kanu.
• ON "Barricades" (3300 Pax, Volgograd.) - i ka mahi 'poe (mea kaua, Kao lele lako kaua nenoai no nukelea mana kanu a me ka aila a me ka kinoea hana).

Volga Federal District

Ma ka māhele 'āina, he mea pono-ike mīkini-hale mea kanu ma Rusia: AvtoVAZ, GAZ, "Tyazhmash", KAMAZ, UAZ, "Kalashnikov" a me na mea e ae. Huahelu o nā huahana mea nui: mai na nā mea pilihao (1/4 o ka wahi lulu kuai) i ka hanana lako a pan no ka mana hana, mai nā kaʻa i airplanes.

• AvtoVAZ (52,000 kanaka, Togliatti.) - ka moku lawe hae ma ka helu o ka hua hi.
• "Tyazhmash" (7000 Pax, Syzran.) - lako a pan no ka hana kaumaha.
• Ulia kaʻa nā hale hana o ka pae "kinoea": Gorky ulia kaʻa Plant (ka poe liilii, a me ka meakino-hana ia i kona kalaka, koa kaa, ohua kaa), "Pavlovsky Bus" (Paz), Ulyanovsk Pake Plant a me na mea e ae.
• KAMAZ (Naberezhnye Chelny) - ke alakai Hookah o ka wahi lulu ia i kona kalaka.
• Izhevsk lima hola: "Kalashnikov" (. Mamua "Izhmash", 4500 O nā), "IMZ" (7000 no ka.).
• Ke maunakea hana o Bashkortostan: UMPO (21,000 kanaka, UVA.) - mokulele kiko'ī, UPPO (Ufa) - Aviapribor, KumAPP (Kumertau) - hana a me ka? Aiiio o helicopters "KA" moʻo.
• Perm Hawaii Group (12000 kanaka) -. Kao lele lako kaua me ka mokulele kiko'ī.
• MZ (7000 kanaka, Perm.) - Mea pepehi.
• UAZ (Ulyanovsk) - SUVs a me minivans.
• "Aviastar-SP" (10,000 kanaka, Ulyanovsk.) - i ka nui mokulele hale kanu (mokulele "Li" Ke Ana Hoʻohālike, "KE", "IL").

Ural FD

Ural mea i ulia i kapaʻia ka naʻau o ka hana o Rusia. Loaʻa nui o ka waiwai mea pōhaku hoʻokomo kālā, a he nui KUMUMANAʻO NUI wahi lilo elue no ka pūʻulu 'aneʻi ka mea nui hanalima hana,ʻano nui e pili ana i aaioee o ke hooheheeia, a pale oihana puolo. Ka loa ikaika loa 'enekinia,-oaio? A i Yekaterinburg a me Nizhniy Tagil.

• "Uralvagonzavod" (27,000 kanaka, Nizhny Tagil.) - kekahi o na moku lawe hae o o ka lulu popilikia 'enekinia, oihana puolo. Ua produces he ākea huahelu o nā huahana: mai ka ukana kaa i ka poʻina nalu. Ma ka lala "Uraltransmash" (Ekaterinburg) paka pakiko-propelled mea kaua nenoai a me trams.
• "Uralmash" (14,000 kanaka, Ekaterinburg.) - he alakaʻi i loko o ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o kaʻeli, hoʻouku, metallurgical lako a pan.
• Zeke (Ekaterinburg) - Anati-mokulele Kao lele lako kaua nenoai, hana kaa.
• Chelyabinsk kaʻa kauō Plant (13,000 kanaka) -, nā kaʻa kauō, alanui no? Ieoaeunoaa hana, kiko'ī.
• Ulia kaʻa Plant "Ural" (13,500 kanaka, Miass.) - ia i kona kalaka.
• "Kurgan" (4800 Pax, Kurgan.) - koa kaa (BMP, nā kaʻa kauō).
• Zlatoust Machine-Building Plant - rocketry.

Siberian Federal District

Enekinia,? Iecaianoaaiiuoʻeleu ma ka hoomalu ana i hana, mokulele a me ka lako a pan no ka hoʻouku hana. He nui na kumu hana bankrupt a kokoke ia ia. Hana i loko o ka aina ma ka pono o hoʻonupaikini a me kākoʻo.

• Aerospace poʻe: NAPO. iluna Chkalov (6000 kanaka, Novosibirsk.) - ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o ka mokulele o ka "maloo"; "Polyot" (4500 Pax, Omsk.) - mokulele "An" ukali "GLONASS" nenoaiu, rocket a me ka liuliu, 'ike loea hou; Ulan-Ude maunakea Plant - kekahi o ka mea nui loa Manufacturers o ka mokulele: helicopters "Mi" a me ka mokulele "SU"; (6,000 kanaka.) Irkutsk maunakea Plant - Kekoa "SU", "Yak", "MS", eiiiiiaiou no Airbus; "Information ukali Systems" (8000 Pax, Zheleznogorsk.) - ukali no nā hana likeʻole a me ka launa pu, nenoai.
• "Tyazhstankogidropress" (Novosibirsk) - he alakai Hookah o neaa lua kaomi waina, mīkini mea paahana, EII ni.
• Radiozavod ia. A. S. Popova (Omsk) - Radio 'enekinia, a me ka launa pu, nenoai.
• "Altaivagon" (7000 Pax, Novoaltaysk.) - i ke kala o ka hi.
• LVRZ 'enekinia, hana (6000 kanaka, Ulan-Ude.) - ka? Iecaianoaaiiie a me ka? Aiiio o locomotives a me Loko Ka.

Aole loa Hawaiian Federal District

A hooku iho la ia e kanaka nui hana:

• KnAAZ ia. Gagarin (13,500 kanaka, Komsomolsk-ma-Amur.) - ke alakai hawaii o ka aina. Available i loko o ka pūʻali koa (ohana "SU", "pak fa") a me ka sīwila (Sukhoi Superjet) mokulele, eiiiiiaiou no "Boeing".
• Hana o ka shipbuilding a me ka moku? Aiiio: Amur Shipyard (Komsomolsk-ma-Amur) - mua hua mai la nukelea mokuluu manawa koa a me ka sīwila hale ma waho; "Dalzavod" (Vladivostok); Kalihikai hola (Nakhodka), Nakhodka Shipyard.

ka hopena

Russian 'enekinia, ua hele ma paakiki manawa. I loko nō o ka makemake ana ia mea mana hanalima Loaʻaʻia, i ka hapanui o ka moku lawe hae o o hoemiia-i? Iecaianoaaiiuo, he nui kala ola. Ke hana nei i loko o keu pono o ka mihi, modernization o ka hana a me ka pono, he hou e hoʻokokoke i ka hooponopono ana. Ia manawa, i ka hana o ka hou kiʻekiʻe-hana pāʻoihana,ʻano nui ka poe liilii, a me ka meakino-pepa paia. Mākou, loaa ae nei i ka lua o ka makani kanu no ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o koa huahana. Hōʻike i nui ka uku hoopanee i na hoa, o ka oi aku automakers. I ka luna 'kākoʻo mai o ka moku'āina a me ka paulele i ka hoʻomana hana' enekinia, hiki e he nui na makana i ka hoʻokele waiwai o ka aina o ka.