Pakebona: he versatile kanaka

Ke kanaka o ka pakebona, a "polymath" (ao ke kanaka) - he kino kanaka ka mea nui nā mākau a me ka mea i hoʻomalu i mau ka hoʻopaʻi 'ana.

Hoʻoholo 'pili kēia iʻikeʻia i ke aloha a hiki i ka poʻokela Artists, thinkers nui a me nā kānakaʻepekema i ka au o Europa pakebona (mai a puni 1450). Michelangelo Buonarroti, Galileo Galilei, Nikolay Kopernik, Miguel Servet, Leon Battista Alberti, Isaak Nyuton - o ka loa nui inoa o ka poʻe e noho ana noiʻi i loko o kekahi mau kihapai o ka 'epekema a me ke akamai. Akā, paha ka loa ma ko ka Luna o ka oiaio pakebona -Leonardo ka Vinci. He ua he artist, lunaʻenehana, anatomist, hoihoi i ka nui no hoi na ka hoʻopaʻi 'ana, a ua loaʻa i ka pomaikai nui i loko o kā lākou mau haʻawina.

Kaʻia "polymath" ma mua o ka pakebona, ka mea, ua loko mai o ka olelo Helene, o olelo «polymathes», i hiki ke unuhi 'ia me "ka haku o na mea he nui ike" - he manaʻo i ua loa nui no Plato a me Aristotle, na thinkers nui o ko ke ao nei kahiko.

Leon Battista Alberti mai la: "People ke hana na mea a pau, ina e makemake ia." Kēia manaʻo embodies ka walaʻauʻana me nā loina o pakebona humanism, ka mea, ua nānā 'ia ke kanaka mea limitless i loko o kona nā papaha a me ka ulu ana. O ka holo ana, i ka manawa "pakebona" E hoʻohuli i wale i ka ia i ka manawaleʻa na kanaka, ka poe i ho'āʻo e hoʻomōhala lākou nā mākau i loko o nā kula o ka naauao, akamai pū nō hoʻi, physical kūpono 'ana, e like me ka poʻe e noho ana i loko o ia au, pili no ko ka i ka Malia paha lehulehu.

He nui na kanaka, ka poe i? Anoee, piʻi wale i ka kulana o ka "ao ke kanaka." Ka mea, i mau komo i loko o ka hoʻoponopono? Ienoai, i ka ulu kūpono ka mea, ua loaa, haole 'ōlelo study, mālama' ia ka noiʻi, ke maopopo, a wehewehe i ka philosophical pilikia, mahalo no, hula haʻuki (hou i kona kino). Ma kekahi kakahiaka nui ke kahua, ka wā a pau IeXAaAeAaIEN i ka manaʻo o ka hoʻonaʻauao aku i kanaka i ka hookipaia ma ka hailona no ka ike - na hana o Helene thinkers a me ka poe akeakamai (na hana i nalowale i loko o ka aʻe kenekulia). Eia hou kekahi, he kanaka no ka pakebona i ka hope o na mooolelo o ka kaua'ē aʻe. Ka Naita o ke kakahiaka nui Middle Ages, e like me ka makou i ike, kanaka ua literate, haohao o ma poetry, a me ka akamai, i mea maikai i hiipoi, he pilikino kuokoa (apau i ka feudal alii waho aʻeo ka). A kanaka pono o ke ku okoa ana e ke poʻo kumu a mea theme like o ka oiaio humanism o ka pakebona.

I kekahi nui, humanism mea,ʻaʻole he akeakamai, a me ka noiʻi ki ina hana like. Humanists manaoio aku i ke kanaka i loko o ka pakebona e hele mai a hiki i ka pau ana o kona ola a me ka maikai o ka manao, a me he kino nui. A pau i kēia hiki ke loaʻa ma ka mau aʻo a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi. ʻO ka pahuhopu nui o ka manaʻo kanaka ua, e hana i kekahi ke ao kanaka e hiehie 'imi naʻauao a me ka physical superiority.

Ke rediscovery o kahiko hāʻina o nā haʻawina, a me ka hana mea hou i hana muaʻole o ke pai ana democratized aʻo a me ka ae, e halii mai i nā manaʻo koke. I ke kakahiaka nui pakebona, oi loa o ka ulu ana o ka loaʻa humanities. Naʻe hana Nikolaya Kuzanskogo (1450) māhele ma mua o heliocentrically Outlook Copernicus i ai i kekahi mea i hoʻomaka 'epekema. Aka, i ka 'epekema a me ke akamai o ka pakebona (like me ka hoʻopaʻi' ana), he loa hui i ka hoʻomaka o ke au. A luku ana mamuli o keia - ka nui ano akamai Leonardo ka Vinci, i mea he poʻokela pena, ka mea, ua kapaia ka makua kāne o kēia 'epekema.