Paul Feyerabend: XIX. Ideas

Ka iwakalua kenekulia Ua lawe mai na kanaka o ka hailonaʻana o nā poho,: devalued kanaka ola nalowale hoopii na ideals o ke ku okoa ana, e hoʻokolokolo pono a me ka launa hoahanau no i ai ka piena o kaua ma mua. I ka manaÿo o ka pono a me ka hewa i loaa i ka hou 'ia nā pōpō, a hiki i ka manual. All mea, ua ike lea kanaka i ka hoahanau. Pela hoi, aole ia he ihola ia i ka pilina paʻa manaʻo o ka 'ike', malalo ia i hoʻohalahala noʻonoʻo loi, a kanalua. Mai laila, e like me ka kālaiʻike lilo 'Imi intervene i loko o ka' epekema, i loko o ke ola o kānakaʻepekema i hele mai pilikia manawa. Methodological Anarchism Paul Feyerabend Ua pâʻani 'o ia kūlana nui i loko o kēia. Kona philosophical wale, e hai aku mākou 'atikala.

Provocateurʻepekema kaiaulu

Paul Karl Feyerabend ma ka hana kuʻuna honua o kālaiʻike i kekahi maoli daimonio i i'oe. 'Aʻole wale nō ia, mea ana i ninau a pau na kūmau a me na rula o ka' epekema ike. He ikaika anei i hooluliia e ka mana o ka 'epekema ma ka mau. Ma mua o kona helehelena i ka paʻa o ka 'epekema o loa ike. Ma ka liʻiliʻi loa keia pili i ka poe discoveries mea i muaʻia ai. Pehea la e hiki ai oe i ninau mai i ka empirical hoike? Feyerabend ua hoike mai ia ia ka maoli. He i loaʻa, a outright outrageous. Aʻu i makemake ia e lapa kāne ai, e hoʻohewa i ka hoike o Marx a Mao Zedong, i kapa i ka piʻi like ana o shamans ma Roma Amerika a me ka pomaikai o ko lākou kilokilo seriously ua kūkākūkāʻia i ka pono,ʻaʻole e hele ma ka ikaika psychics. He nui poe akeakamai o ia manawa ua nānā akula wale me he ē a he'āhua. Aka hoi, i kona kumumanaʻo noho ana mawaena o ka loa pīhoihoi e piʻi like ana o kanaka manaʻo i loko o ka iwakalua kenekulia.

Mum-anarchy

Kekahi o na hana loa kaulana, kakau iho la ia Paul Feyerabend, o ka puke "ku methodological compulsion." Ma ka mea,ʻo ia hoʻopaʻapaʻa convincingly i ka uie kekahi hapanui hewahewa o iao? Discoveries i ole i hoʻomaka ai maʻike mau manaÿo, akā, kaʻoi loa, no ka lākou hōʻole. Poe akeakamai 'epekema kapa nānā maemae maka ua ole ao no ia i ka wa kahiko lula. Mākou pinepine mea oiaio ia nīnau. I mea e huli mai i ka oiaio, ua nui loa nā mea mahuʻi okoa. Nolaila, Paul Feyerabend hai mai i ka loina o "na mea a pau me ke kūʻokoʻa". Hōʻoia, a mai i paulele - i ka mea o ka papa kuhikuhiE memo o kona kālaiʻike. Ma mua kilohi, aohe mea kupanaha ma keia. Akā, i ka poe akeakamai hoʻoholo i ka hiki hoao i kela mau theories a i lilo lōʻihi mau pou, i loko o ko lākou mau kula. He aha kena koke ae la i mau pahi oi naoh i kona 'ia, i ka panina haumāna o ko ke ao nei. He hiki nema aku i ka loina o ka manaʻo a me ka huli ana i ka oiaio, a no ka kenekulia i hahai i ka noiʻi.

I kekahi koho ala o ka manaʻo

He aha ke ano o ka hoʻi Paul Feyerabend? E kū'ē i ke ala hoʻoholo i ka hopena, mai ka na loina, a hoao hoi i ka oiaio o ka mea Paipai i ka hoʻohana 'ana o incompatible ma mua kilohi absurd kuhiakau. Kēia incompatibility hoʻokāʻoi aʻe ana iʻepekema Memories. E like me ka hopena, epekema e e aho hiki i ka loiloi i kela mea keia mea o lakou. Poe akeakamai hoi, a kuka no hoi i squeamish hoopii i ka loa-poina theories, me ina hahai ka adage i na mea a pau i hou - ua pono poina kahiko. Feyerabend wehewehe mea nui wale: ole i kekahi kumumanaʻo hiki ole e loa ai e ku e ia ka manawa kūpono e hoole ia ia i kekahi olelo. Ma neia hope aku, he mea he mea ia e waiho aku ia i loko o nīnau. Eia hou, i kekahi e ole kāpae i ka hoʻokahi wale nō kanaka hehee ai, no ka mea, i kohoʻepekema i kūʻiʻo ano ma ke kumu o ke kino koho, mai kekahi makemake e lilo i ko lakou hihia.

Paul Feyerabend: akeakamai o ka Science

ʻO kekahi mea nui koi o ka poe akeakamai i ka 'epekema ike i ke alo o na mea he nui hoʻokūkū ana theories, i mea ka hoʻonuiʻana. Interacting me kekahi i kekahi, ka mea e e noke hou. Me ka dominance o ka hoʻokahi kumumanaʻo ia ka pilikia zakostenet a huli i loko o kekahi ano o ka nā kaʻao. Feyerabend ua he ardent hoa paio o ka manaʻo i ke kūpono 'ana o ka' epekema, ka wā hou theories kekahi hoʻonohonohoʻana i ka mea kahiko. He manaoio ia, ma ka mea ku ole, kēlā me kēia kuhiakau ana ma ka mua kekahi, o 'Imi hoole aku paha i mea. I ka mea ia manawa, ike aku la ia i keʻano o ke kūpono 'ana o ke kanaka manaʻo a me ka wā e hiki mai ana o na kanaka.

connoisseurs laau palau

Kekahi o na olelo Feyerabend hiki e ia me ka hōʻole o ka hana mau o ka 'epekema ma ka mau. Akā, i kēia mea,ʻaʻole oiaio. wale Hōʻike mai ia mākou e ole unconditionally hilinai aku ma luna o ka infallibility o ka 'epekema. Eia kekahi laʻana, e like me kona mau Contemporary Popper, i kaumaha ai oukou ia nä känaka 'epekema höʻoia' kā lākou mau theories, Paul Feyerabend e Kiʻi ma ka pono a hiki i lako pono ai kā lākou mau kuhiakau ma kekahi mau weheweheʻana. He pono kūkulu ma luna o kekahi mau kumu. Wale ma keia aoao, ma kona manao, he mea hiki ke pale aku makapo ka hoʻoponopono-ka pono. O ka iki e like me ka holoholona hihiu o "He aha? Where? Ka wā? ", I i mākaukau e hana ana, e like ma ka hihia i kekahi mea hypothetical pane experimentally koho i ka pono.

nīnau Unanswered

Kekahi o ka loa controversial buke i kakau iho Paul Feyerabend - "kū'ē Kiʻina". Ke manaʻo no kona hanaia'na haawi i kona hoa i ka poe akeakamai Imre Lakatos. Ke ano o ka hana e moe ana ma ka oiaio i na kuhiakau ua kālaiʻia i loko o kēia puke Feyerabend, Lakatos kiola aku la i ka loa loa noʻonoʻo loi, a nāna hoʻi i hana i kona - refuting. I ka manao e like me ka ano o ka 'imi naʻauao Reuʻela,ʻo ia ua pono ma ka uhane o ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kālā o methodological anarchism. Hāʻule maila lākou i ka manaʻo o kēia manaʻo Lakatos ka make i ka 1974. Akā, Feyerabend nō, kuu ka puke paʻiʻia, a hiki i ka ia o ka moku'āina o ka hapalua. Hope, i ka poe akeakamai kākau ai i kona hoouka ma ka rationalist manao i loko o kēia huahana e like Imre kahea aku ma luna o lākou 'aoʻao.

Paul Feyerabend. "Nauka ma ka noa kaiāulu"

Paha keia mea no ka hana o ka poe akeakamai i kekahi ahiahiʻOi aʻe nä Temepela ma mua o "kū'ē Kiʻina". Eia kahi mea akaka like Feyerabend Frank antistsientist. He smashes e smithereens a pau i, i mea na hanauna he nui o nā kānakaʻepekema manaoio ma o ka Mea Hemolele Grail. Ma waho aʻeo ia mea a pau i loko o ka kakaʻina a hiki i kēia puke, no ka Caller poe akeakamai no ke komo maluna mea a pau āna i pono i. "No ka noho ma luna o kekahi mea ia mea e pono," - ke i mai nei maluhia. Here Feyerabend a hana mai i kekahi a pau kumumanaʻo e hiki hou, e hoohikilele au i ka hoolohe. A pela i kona ikaika panee, a hiki ole pili i ke kuai ana o ka puke. Mau hoʻoponoponoʻepekema hiki pono ke olelo ia a pau o kona noiʻi i mamao-kiʻi. 'Oiai, pinepine me kēia mea ia mea i loko o ka lanakila. Ma ka kekahi lima, paha ka mea, o kekahi hoonaukiuki ana?

Buffoon a me ka pono i?

He aha ka mea i makemake i ka hoʻokō i kona theories o Paul Feyerabend? Ke kuhikuhi ana o philosophical manaʻo i loko o ka 20th kenekulia ka loa paʻakikī e wehewehe mai i loko o ka hoʻokahi makahiki. ʻO nā "isms" ka pua i loko o ole wale oe, aka, i ka 'epekema, e like me ke ala o ka hoʻolele hauli māmala'ōlelo e hōʻike ana, a Positioning iho i ke ao nei ua lilo kekahi o ka loa ka hoʻokō. Hoomokuahana kāʻeoʻeo a me ka inaina i loko o kanaka no kona provocative hypotheses, Feyerabend makemake e hoonaukiuki, e hōʻoleʻia kāna mau mea. Oe e ole ana? I manaʻo koʻu hoʻokokoke mea hewa? Hoomaopopo mai iaʻu! E lawe mai i kou ike maopopo ana! He mea e hoʻoulu na kanaka, aole ia i paulele blindly lōʻihi-ikeia truths, a me ka huli pane ma luna o lākou iho. Paha ina o ka puke "Science i loko o ka Free Society" Ua paʻiʻia i loko o kona mua hapai ae nei i kēia, he nui na ninau e pili ana iʻike hoʻokumu Feyerabend e nalo ia lakou iho.

I He Paul Feyerabend antistsientistom a hana i kekahi hou manaʻo o ka ike? Heluhelu i kana hana, ia mea paakiki e pane i kēia nīnau. I loko nō o ka nui, e hoike ana ia ia ua kālaiʻia i kona manaʻo loa maopopo, a hiki dramatically, he mea i manaʻo i nā mea a pau o keia - he conglomeration o provocative māmala'ōlelo e hōʻike ana. Paha, i ke kumu nui ae makaʻu o ka poe akeakamai i kona pili i ka infallibility o ka 'epekema a me ka e huli' ano like aoao o ka ike ana i ka honua e pono ai. Ma kekahi hihia, no ka ike lea i ka hana ana i keia hana hoihoi kanaka pono ke kumukuai.