Pehu pala i loko o uala: kumu a me ka lapaʻau

Scurf ma uala - he fungal maʻi e loli ai i ka tubers. Pathogens i ia i ka manawa lōʻihi i loko o ka lepo, a me ka'ōpū i hele mai ma ili a uuku eha. Pono makemake i ka olelo i ka iho mailoko kumu nō hoʻi hiki keʻaiʻia, akā, i ka poino hapa o ka oki, a i kāpaeʻia. Ka pilikia o ka pehu pala mea i huakūʻai a me ka hoao ana o ka lau haule, haule iho la ia pae o nā wikamina, nā minelala hao a me'amino nāʻakika. Inā i ke poho o ka māhuaola o 35% -40%, ua hoemiia ka hapalua (60% -65% ua loaʻa, ma kekahi hihia poho) i ka hua.

'Ano kūpono no ka hooulu ana i ka maʻi

E like me kekahi maʻi, pehu pala ia lŘlŘ ma kekahi mau hihia. Iwaena o lakou i na penei:

- i ka lepo pH o 6,1 - 7,4, oa ka naoh mea iki'ākilikai.

- Ka Mahana 24 ° C - 29 ° C.

- lepo ona mau - ma ka laulā o 50-70%.

- I ka hana ana i Lime a me ka lāʻau lehu.

- Inā i ka mea hoʻomomona manure lepo. Ka pilikia waiho i loko o ka mea ana i ka Anati-pehu pala poino tubers e pinepine hoʻohana i ka hanai holoholona. Ua haawiia i ke anakahi iki-meaola i loa i ka pilina paʻa, ka mea hele ma ka digestive'āpana o ka holoholona a me ka hele aku a me kona lepo. Fertilizing i ka lepo me ka manure no laila, hiki i nā mea hoʻohaumia.

- I ka oi o ka naikokene fertilizers a me kalipuna.

- Me ka nele o ka lepo a me ka boron manganese.

Kāohi ana, e pale aku i ka hanana o ka pehu pala

E aho nō e ho'āʻo i ka hana a me ka malama ana ma lalo i ka causative Agena mea ke koikoi. Akā, inā 'oe no hai na tubers uuku convex warts, eʻoiaʻiʻo, e loaʻa mai pehea e pakele o kaʻuala pehu pala. Aia i kekahi mau manaʻo kōkua i ka mala e hiki loa kń i ka pilikia o ka maʻi.

• Nānā pono kanuʻia. Koho nui tubers he 75-100 g., Pretreated me ka pāʻoihana o boricʻakika (10 g. I ka 9 L o ka wai).
• Deep kanu o ke kumu i na hua no hoi ho'ēmi i kā ka pilikia o ka pehu pala.
• Ma hope o kaʻohiʻana i nā residues pono e ohi ('ānaiʻia tubers, na aa, anei i) a me ka luku aku ia lakou.
• Uala wahi e e auou caiaiai kekahi manawa ma hope o lulu ka papapa maka, a hoʻolako i ka lepo me ka naikokene a disinfected ia. Tubers hoʻi i kona palapala henua hiki ia i ka 4-5 makahiki.
• E hōʻoia i ka lepoʻakika (pH e ole oi 6.0). I ole ia, i ka moʻomeheu ke hoouka mai i kaʻuala pehu pala. lapaʻau ma Nine Inch ano i nā hualoaʻa, akā, e emi i ka pilikia o ka maʻiʻaʻai ka poe noonoo ole. Hoʻomaʻa i ka pH i e mea pōhaku fertilizers (superphosphate) ma lalo o tubers. Maopopo malama hoohainu i ka wai haʻalele 'ana. Pepa Lime Ua pili wale nō ka wā o ka lepo pH mea ma lalo 4,9. Pono keia mau mea mulch uala haule tidara paipu, e luaipele (2.1 - 3.2 kg no sq.m.) ole gypsum (15-20 kg no hoʻokahi haneriʻahā like mika).

Mau mea e mau lula. Mala nui e ike i ka mea okoa maʻuala pehu pala. paha e Nā Papahana O Ka paio a me ka? acaeoey kūlana kānaka okoa, akā, ma ka mau, na rula hoʻonā i ka pilikia i ka ia.

like pehu pala

Kēiaʻano o ka maʻi ua loaʻa oi pinepine ia ma mua o na mea e ae. Ke causative hope paha o ka Streptomyces scabies. Maikai loa e ulu ana i loko o one a me ka calcareous soils, ma kiʻekiʻe humidity, a nui nā māhele o ke aloha mea. Hookahi o ka maʻi ua hikiwawe diagnosed ma ulcers liʻiliʻi, a i nā ulu, a e ho'ōla uhi ia e ka polokalamu mākaʻikaʻi-me ka penaʻana.

A Common pehu pala i uala ʻAʻohe mea,ʻaʻole ma nā papa. Most ikaika e hoʻonele i ka maʻi, he "Berlichingen" a me ka "Priekule" a me ka "Kameraz".

A me ka mea mau rula o ke kanu a me ka mālama no ka moʻomeheu ma laila nō kekahi mau lewa. mua pehea e pakele o kaʻuala pehu pala, hoʻomaka kāohi lapaʻau o tubers - pīpī ia i nāʻano "Nitrafen" a me "Polikarbatsin". Loa mana i ka paioʻana o ka maʻi kōkua i ka germination o kanu nā i ka malamalama. Hoohainu i ka wai moʻomeheu hoʻomaka koke ma hope o ka Wa Mamua o ka aina a me ka hoʻomau like loa me ke kumu o ka mea kanu, aole ia e hoʻonui i ka 1.5-2 knm ma ka mānoanoa.

powdery pehu pala

Ke causative hope paha o Spongospora subterranea. E hoʻomōhala ana i loko o ka lepo mea, ua pulu. A ua hiki ke hui mai ma ko lākou mau'āina chunks o ka pathogen, a hiki i ka aa. Kēia pehupala ma uala Ua hoikeia mai ma ka palapala o ka warts i loko o ka malamalama poʻo.

tuberʻili mawae ma ke kahua o ka maʻiʻaʻai, ka maʻi hohola hou aku. Ua Ua manaoio i naʻano likeʻole me "Lorch", "yubel", "Cardinal" a me ka "kilohana" ua kokoke e loli ana e ka maʻi.

Kēiaʻuala maʻi - pehu pala powdery - e loli ai i nā aʻa, a kumu. Nā tubers i susceptible i ka haumāna maʻiʻaʻai ma ka hopena o makika, a me ka nānā aku a maloo popoʻole. Kanuʻia ma mua lulu mālama ma ka pāʻoihana 40% formalin (lākiō - 1: 200) no ka 6-7 minuke, a laila, no nā hola uhi kāpōlena.

kala scurf

Initially, na tubers ikeia mea eleele kiko a me ka poe liilii, hanaʻino wale, ua like no meʻeleʻele ka pouli. Ma hope o kaʻualaʻili kaha onionio ke kina ole i poʻo.

Noonoo causative fungus Helminthosporium solani, a hoʻomaka koke hoʻopulapula ma ka wela o 19-21 ° C a 90-95% humidity.

I ka maʻi o ka mea no ka mea, o ka hua na kulu ia. Loli tubers hoʻomau e lilo ke kaupaonaʻana, a hiki i ka wa a waihonakala, a me ka oho punahelu ke ikeia ma ke kahua o ka wart. More susceptible e maʻi e haawi i ko ma loamy a me ka one soils. Ma mua o kanu i ka tubers etched. Iapaau ana no hoi ua lawe mai koke ma hope o kaʻohiʻana ma mua pūnaewele ka hoʻohana 'ana ai' e like me "Nitrafen", "Botran", "fundazol", "Celeste" a "ia Tito."

Rhizoctonia aole hoi i eleele pehu pala

Ke causative hope paha o Rhizoctonia solani. E hoʻomōhala ana i lalo kiʻekiʻe humidity ana. IeAUPIIe, IAa IO, maʻiʻaʻai ia lŘlŘ ka wā o ka weuweu luawai, a me ke anuenue. Ua hoike mai ai ia ia iho, i mau kiko a pouli-ka hohonu sclerotia a apuepue kepa aku la i kaʻili kai.

Black scurf ma kaʻuala mea, no ka mea, ke pepehi aku i kekahi tuber germination. Mau hua hou ana iho, a make, a hōʻike ma ka ili o ka lesion o lalo iho a me na lau pii mauka. Best o nā mea a pau pathogen Kahalaopuna ma loamy soils.

'O kēia kekahi o nā loa kaʻawaʻawa loa Lolina o ka maʻi, no ka mea, hoʻopaleʻano likeʻole ka mea, aole i nei. Not e hōʻikeʻeleʻele pehu pala o ka uala, lapaʻau hoʻomaka me etching tubers na mea koʻohune hoomakaukau i "integral", "Planriz" a me "Bactofit" a me kekahi o ia hoʻi, "Fenoram", "Vivataks" a me "Maxim".

Kanu Hohonu: one Lok lepo - 7 knm, loamy - 8-11 knm o ka peat - 12-13 knm Incubate awelika awa pae manawa, i ka wa o ka lepo hoʻomehana i ka + 8 ° C .. Ua ālai 'ia' o ka hanana o ka wahī makika, o ka mea pōhaku a me ke aloha fertilizers i loko o nā māhele ma luna ma mua o paipai no kekahi wahi o keʻano.