Potasiuma kalepona

Mai ka nawaliwali carbonicʻakika (ia mea uuku hoʻopale, a hiki wale nei i loko o dilute pāʻoihana) ma ka reacting me ka alkalis a me kaʻakika meakino loaa paʻakai i ole kapaia bicarbonates a me carbonates, kekahi me kekahi. Naoh nā helu kaulike hiki ke palapalaia: H2CO3 + KOH → KHCO3 + H2O a me H2CO3 + 2KOH → K2CO3 + 2H2O. Ma ke ana e haʻalele i mua o ka potasiuma hydrogencarbonate, a me ka lua o ka - potasiuma kalepona. Haʻilulaʻakika paʻakai - KHCO3, a me ka awelika - K2CO3. Molar nuipa o potasiuma kalepona like i 138,2 g. / Kameleona. Ma ka helehelena kohu paʻakai keʻokeʻo mea pōaka pauka, i mea ole combustible, heheʻe ma 891 C, aole i hiki i ka baila aʻela i wahi, i ka paakai decomposes. Potasiuma kalepona hygroscopic, hooholo koke wailana i loko o ka wai: 100 ml ma 20 ° C - 110,5 g., A ma 100 C - 156 g. O ka paakai. Akā, i loko o ka waiʻona paha acetone, keia waiwai, aole ia i hoike mai.

I nā lā kahiko o potasiuma kalepona, i kapaia o potash, i ka olelo mai, mai ka Roma inoa «potassa». Potash o kekahi o ka mea kahiko i ka paakai, a i ua ike i ka poʻe loa aku nei. Ma Europa, i hiki i ka hope kenekulia, potash i kekahi o ka mea nui Nine Inch mea i kālepa waiwai. Ma Rusia, no ka mea? Iecaianoaaiiie o potash e Petero ka Nui i ka 1721, ua hoʻokumuʻia ka monopoly. I kēia manawa, i ka mokuna o ka Russian Hui, e like me ia ma'Ararata, aneea oneiaey, Belarus, Ukraine, Turkmenistan, Moldova, Uzbekistan mea he Nine Inch uhiia e ka interstate maʻamau GOST 10690-73. Potash pili, e like me ka GOST 12.1.005-88 i kolu o ka p ÷ ino papa waiwai, ma ka hui 'ana me mucous membranes a me nā hua ili ke kumu ae hookaawale.

Inā i ke Aloha o ka potasiuma kalepona me ka wai, alaila, he hailona o ka wela i loko o kona noho male 'ana, a laila K2CO3 hydrolysis naoh mea exothermic, a ma lalo o ka hana ana o ka wai i ke kahua o ka hou' ona. Dibasic ka paʻakai o ka carbonicʻakika mea hydrolyzed iiyoaiiay. Mua i hanaʻakika paʻakai: H2O + K2CO3 → KHCO3 + KOH. A laila, i ka lua o ke kahua puka mai poorly wai decomposition anoʻakika paʻakai: H2O + KHCO3 → H2CO3 + KOH. Mai ka hydrolysis o potasiuma kalepona like hoʻi me nā paʻakai o ka nāwaliwali nāʻakika i loaa mai i ke kahua o ka hydroxyl Ion OH-, i ka pH o ko lākou koʻana koko pāʻoihana mea mau oi aku ma mua o 7, a me ka meakino i kona'ākilikai.

Potash i loko o ka 17th kenekulia i loko o Rusia i loaa mai ma ka leaching laau me ka lehu ahi. I ka laau hooinu, i hoomakaukauiaʻi mekala 'åkilikai pāʻoihana,ʻawa mehana ka wai lehu. laila kēia pāʻoihana ua ninini i loko o ka pōhaku kapuahi me ke ahi wahie. Potasiuma kalepona Ua crystallized loa anuanu, ahu iho ma ka lalo o ka ipu ahi ma ka hamoʻia potash extracted, a kau ma luna o ka barela, puka liiiU ia hermetically. Koi 'ia i kekahi ke akamai, i ka pāʻoihana i evaporated, a me ke ahi, i ole pili no kou aa. Nolaila, ke hana "polivachey" hoomaka ae la e ao aku i loko o kā lākou mau loira, a wale nō ma hope o ka makahiki kakaikahi e hana ana i loaa kekahi nā mākau, a lilo i ka haku o kona maalea. No kekahi laʻana: ke ahi e'ā ana mau hana keʻokeʻo lehu, me ka nui hapa o ka mea - mea potash. I kēia lā hoʻokō'ē aʻe hanalima kaʻina - loaa ma electrolysis o potasiuma hydroxide Ua hala o carbon dioxide. 2KOH → K2CO3 + CO2 + H2O. I ka hopena o ka potash a me ka wai.

potasiuma kalepona ua hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ka hana ana o soaps a me ka aniani. I ke keʻena hoʻokolohua, ka mea, ua hoʻohana 'ia e like me ka mehana desiccant i ka hihia o nā konohiki e like me kalipuna koloriside a makanekiuma sulufahate, ' aʻole 'ae. Ia mea i pono no ka maloʻo anaʻakika i huiʻia, akā, i ke hoʻohana 'ia no ka ka maloʻoʻana o ke aloha huahana me ka haʻahaʻa ka maʻiʻo oʻakika impurities. Potasiuma kalepona ua hoʻohana 'ia no ka kaua ke ahi o ka papa B, no ka mea pili i ka Nine Inch me ka pauka, a me ka hiki ana o inhibiting a kinai loa i ka'ā kaʻina. Ua loaʻa he oi aku kinai pū ka hoʻokōʻana ma mua o paʻakai e like me paʻakai kalepona, paʻakai sulufahate, paʻakai fluoride a paʻakai hydrogen kalepona. Kona inhibitory ka hoʻokōʻana o ka'ā keʻano o ka hanaʻana i kekahi oi ma mua ia o ka paʻakai kalepona, paʻakai sulufahate, Aluminum'okesaside a me ka pōhaku paʻapuna. Ma ke aniani hana K2CO3 ua hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o ke keʻena hoʻokolohua (refractory),'ōnohi paha potash aniani, a me ka aniani no ka mea aniani hana. Eia hou kekahi, potash koi i loko o ka Nine Inch, mahiʻai, 'inikua a me ka ai na hana.