Where ua Constantinople? E like me ka mea ua manawa kapa Constantinople?

Ua auou caiaiai i na inoa, lāhui kanaka a me nā aupuni a pau ... ka mau loa ka pōpilikia o Roma, me ka cradle o Orthodox Karistiano a me ke kapikala o ke aupuni a pau, i ola ke kenekulia ... I kēia palapala i ke kaʻao kūlanakauhale kēia kūlanakauhale oe eʻaʻole loaʻa, nae, oia mea ola a me ka ulu ana. I ka wahi i kahi ona e waiho ana Constantinople, Aia i kekahi,ʻaʻohe mai o mākou. Ma ka mōʻaukala o keia kulanakauhale, a me kona nani kaao kamaʻilio i loko o kēia 'atikala.

muli

Hoopakele mai ai i ka'āina, Aia ma waena o nā kai - ka Black Sea a me ke Kaiwaenahonua, hoomaka iho la ma ka VII kenekulia BC kanaka E like me ka mea, e olelo Greek hāʻina o nā haʻawina, ma ke kahakai akau o ka Bosphorus noho lēpela o Mileto. MaiLan Coast pilikia obzhili Megara. Nā kūlanakauhale mau ku huli ana i kekahi i kekahi, - i loko o ka Europa hapa o Mileto ua Byzantium, ma ke kahakai hema - Megara Kalhedon. Kēia kahua ae ke kulanakauhale, e kū i ka Bosphorus. Brisk kuai ma waena o ka'āina o ka Black Sea, a me ka Aegean kai, regular lua i pele o ka waiwai, kalepa a me ka koa moku o ka huakaʻi i oihana dute nā o kēia mau kūlanakauhale, a e lilo koke no i hoʻokahi.

Penei, ka narrowest wahi o ka Bosporus, ma hope o ke kai kūʻono o ke Gula Horn, a ua kekahi wahi kahi i ke kulanakauhale o Constantinople.

Ho'āʻo 'o ia e paʻa Byzantium

Rich a influential Byzantium o Laielohelohe i ka noonoo ana o na mea he nui pūkaua a me ka lanakila. About 30 makahiki i na nei no ka naʻi o Dariu, Byzantium ua ma lalo o ke aupuni o ke aupuni a pau o ka poʻe Peresia. Golf kŘpa a noho malie ola no na haneri o nā makahiki a hiki i kona puka a kokoke poe koa o ke alii o Makedonia - Philip. Kekahi mau mahina o ka hoʻopuniʻana pilikia. Enterprising a me ka waiwai kanaka he makemake e uku aku i ka waiwai auhau i ka mea he nui komohewa, aole i ka ke komo i loko o koko kaua a me ka lehulehu. Lanakila aku maluna iho Byzantium mahope o kekahi alii o Makedonia - Alexander ke Nui.

Ma hope o Aleksandra Makedonskogo aupuni a pau i Wāwahi, hele mai la i ke kulanakauhale, ma lalo o ka aoao o Roma.

Kristiano ma Byzantium

i Roma a me ka Helene mōʻaukala a me ka moʻomeheu kuʻuna Hawaiʻi,ʻo nā kumu wale o ka moʻomeheu o ka wā e hiki mai ana o Constantinople. Ka hoʻomakaʻana i loko o ka hikina panalāʻau e noho ana i ka Roma aupuni a pau, he hou ka hoʻomana, e like me ke ahi hohola ai i nā'āina a pau o kahiko Roma. Karistiano nā kaiāulu i loko o kona poʻe kaua kanaka o kekahi ka manaoio, a me kekahi pae o ka a me ka hoʻonaʻauao makahiki. Akā, ua loko o ÿApokolika manawa, i loko o ka lua o ke kenekulia AD, he nui Karistiano kula, a me ka mua kia hoʻomanaʻo i o Christian moʻokalaleo. 'ōleloʻokoʻa Kristiano ua ke kiʻekiʻe o ka pukaʻana mai o nā catacombs a me ka ikaika nui, wahi iho i ka honua.

Karistiano i Emperor

Ma hope o kaawale ana, ka mea nui ka hoʻonaʻauao i ka hikina hapa o ka Roma aupuni a hoomaka ae la e hoʻonoho iho i ke Christian moku'āina. Emperor Constantine i ka mana i loko o ke kulanakauhale kahiko, kapa ia Constantinople, ma hope iho. hoomaau ana o ka poe Kristiano i ua hele aku, na luakini a me nā wahi o ka hoomana ana o Kristo, hoomaka ae la e ke koʻi kaua ma par me ka pagan na luakini. Constantine iho Ua bapetizoia iho la ia ma luna o ana i kēlā moe i loko o 337. Mahope i Emperor kūpono paipai a me ka Christian manaoio pale aku. A Justinian VI ma. BC Kristiano i haʻalele wale i ka moku'āina hoomana ma Ka Hoʻopāpā na oihana i loko o ka palena o ke aupuni a pau Byzantine kahiko.

Constantinople luakini

kākoʻo Moku'āina no ka mea hou manaoio i ka maikaʻi hopena ma luna o ke ola a me ka pili 'ole o ke kulanakauhale kahiko. I ka aina, kahi o ka Constantinople, piha o na luakini lehulehu a me ka hōʻailona o ka Christian manaoio. Ma nā kūlanakauhale o ke aupuni a pau, he mau ekalesia, i paʻa lawelawe, Kaʻahumanu i kona kaua hou a me ka hou aku eʻailolo no. Kekahi o ka mea mua kaulana cathedrals i waho i keia manawa, ua i ka luakini o Sofia ma Constantinople.

Church o St .. Sofia

Kona mea hoʻoheheʻe kālā ua Konstantin Veliky. Kēia inoa i Ua laha ma HawaiianʻEulopa. Sophia i kapaia he Karistiano haipule, ka poʻe i noho i loko o ka II kenekulia BC I kekahi manawa, haawiia i me Iesu Kristo no ka naauao, a me ka hoʻonaʻauao. Ma hope o ka hana o Constantinople, ke Karistiano ekalesia mua i keia inoa hohola iho la ma ka aina hikina o ke aupuni a pau. keiki a me ka hoʻoilina i ka Byzantine noho alii Constantine ka, ka Auguseto Constantius kukulu hou ia i ka luakini, e ka mea i oi nani a akea hoi. Hoʻokahi haneri makahiki ma hope, i ka mea hewa ka hoomaau ana o ka Karistiano theologian mua a me ka poe akeakamai Ioanna Bogoslova, ua lukuia lakou e ka poʻe kipi Constantinople maha, a me ka Hale Pule Nui o St .. Sofia i puhi aku ai i ka lepo.

Ka hou ana o ka ekalesia i i hiki wale i ka noho alii ana o Emperor Justinian.

New Christian lula makemake, e kūkulu hou i ka Hale Pule Nui. E like me ia, i ka Hagia Sophia ma Constantinople pono e hoʻonaniʻiaʻo ia, a me nā mea laʻa a me kona ekalesia, ua koiia eʻoi ka nani a me ka grandeur o kekahi'ē aʻe nā kaʻa o keia ano keia ano i loko o ke ao nei. No ka mea? Ieoaeunoai o keia masterpiece o ka Emperor kono maikaʻi-ikeia nā kānaka kuhikuhipuʻuone a me ka poʻe kūkulu hale o ka manawa - Amphimachus mai Thrall a me Isidore o Mileto. Ma ka hoolohe nā kānaka kuhikuhipuʻuone hana hoʻokahi haneri kānaka kōkua ma, a, ua mau lakou pololei 10 tausani. People i loko o ka hale. Kuni Isidore a Amphimachus i ka loa hemolele hale lako - māpala, kinikini, a me ka mea maikai i eliiaʻi. ? Ieoaeunoai ana elima makahiki, a me ka hopena loa a pau 'upu'.

E like me ka buke o nā wā, houluulu mai i loko o ka wahi, kahi a ka Constantinople luakini, noho aliʻi ihola ia ma luna o ke kulanakauhale kahiko, e like me ka moku ma luna o nā nalu. Ma ka mea kupaianaha mana hoakoakoa ae la ka poe Kristiano, e ike mai nā mea a pau ma luna o ke aupuni a pau.

Ka mea hoʻonāwaliwali maoli nō o Constantinople

Ma ka VII kenekulia i loko o ka Arabia Peninsula, he houʻano pākīkē Islamic moku'āina - ¶ʻO'Araba Caliphate. Ma lalo o kona puʻe Byzantium lilo kona hikina'āina, i ka wā o ka Europa māhele 'āina i nā lanakila Phrygians, Slavs, Bulgarians. Ke kahi o ka Constantinople, ua pinepine ae la oia ua pepehi a ua hoʻopuniʻia kaʻauhau. Ka Byzantine aupuni a pau i losing kona kulana ma ka hikina 'Eulopa, a me ke kiʻekiʻe o haule i ka palaho.

i ka 1204 na crusaders poʻe hao wale i loko o ka Venetian'auwaʻa kaua, a me ka Palani infantry i Constantinople ma na mahina-lōʻihi ka hoʻopuniʻana. Ma hope o ka lōʻihi ia'ku hina iho la i ke kulanakauhale, a ua laulau moni a pau e ka poʻe komohewa. Ke ahi Ua luku nui na hana o ke akamai a me kia hoʻomanaʻo i. Ma ke kahi i ku ai ka populous a me ka waiwai i loko o Constantinople, ka hune, a lawe pio aʻela i ka kapikala Romeyskoy aupuni a pau. I ka 1261, ua hiki ke recapture Constantinople mai ka Latins, akā, e hoʻi i ke kulanakauhale kona kahiko nui ua hiki ole i ka Byzantines.

ka Ottoman aupuni a pau

By XV ke kenekulia Ottoman aupuni a pau 'Imi hoʻonuiʻia aku palena a hiki i ka panalāʻau Europa, hoʻolaha Hoʻomana Mohameka ma ka pahi kaua a me ka bribery pili i kona mau waiwai nui a oi'āina. I ka 1402, ka Turkish Suletana Bayezid ho'āʻo mua i lawe Constantinople, akā, ua hee o e Amir Timur. Ka make ma Anker hoonawaliwali na koa o ke aupuni a pau, a me ka waiho loihi ana mālie wā o ke ola o Constantinople no kekahi hapalua kenekulia.

I ka 1452, Suletana Mehmed 2 ma hope o akahele makaukau aku e hopu i ke kapikala o ke Byzantine aupuni a pau. Mālama '-la oia i malama i hoʻopio aku i ka liʻiliʻi kulanakauhale, hoopuniia Constantinople a me kona allies hoomaka i ka pua ana. Ma ka po o Mei 28, ua laweʻia 1453 i ke kulanakauhale. Lehulehu Karistiano ekalesia i huli i mosques, nā kiʻi o ka poe haipule a me nā hōʻailona o Kristiano nalowale mai o nā pā o cathedrals, a ma luna o ka St. Sophia lele crescent.

Ka Byzantine aupuni a oki ae la e ola ana, a me Constantinople lilo kekahi hapa o ka Ottoman aupuni a pau.

Ka noho alii ana o Suleiman ka nani haawi Constantinople i ka hou "Golden Age". I ka mea, ua kūkuluʻia Suleymaniye Hale Pule Isalama, a lilo ae la ia i ka hōʻailona no ka mea Nā Poʻe Isalama, o ka ia me ka mea i koe o St .. Sofia no na Kristiano. Ma hope iho o ka make ana o Suleiman ka Ottoman aupuni a pau a hiki i kona ola ana hoʻomau e decorate i ke kulanakauhale kahiko o masterpieces o kuhikuhipuʻuone a me ka kuhikuhipuʻuone.

Metamorphosis o ke kulanakauhale ka inoa

Ma hope o hoʻopio aku i ke kulanakauhale o Kauai i ole kauoha aku Kapa hou ia. No ka mea Helene, ka mea, ua hoopaa iho la kona inoa. Ma ka mea ku ole, mai ka waha mai o ka Turkish a me ka poe noho ¶ʻO'Araba, hoomaka ae la e hookani increasingly "Kou", "Stanbul", "Kou" - i increasingly la ia mea e like me Constantinople. Ano ka mea, i kapaʻia nā wale nō elua o ke kumu o kēia mau inoa. Ke kuhiakau mua kuleana i ka inoa - he ino Hahai I Greek hopuna'ōlelo o ia hoʻi, "I hele i loko o ke kūlanakauhale, e hele i ke kulanakauhale." Kekahi kumumanaʻo ua muli i ka inoa o Islambouli, a 'o ia hoʻi "kulanakauhale o Hoʻomana Mohameka". He mau wale nō i ka pono e nei. Ka mea a ka mea, ua, ua no hoʻohana i ka inoa o Constantinople, akā, ma ka maʻamau o ke ola e hele mai i loko o a paa, a me ka inoa o Kou. Ma keia palapala ana o ke kulanakauhale, a hiki i na palapala o na aina, a me Rusia, akā, no ka Helene mea nō i ka inoa i loko o ka hanohano o ka Emperor Constantine.

Contemporary Kou

ʻO kahi o ka Constantinople, e waiwai ma Tureke. Naʻe, i ka inoa o ke kulanakauhale nui, i mua nalowale: ma ka olelo hooholo o ka Turkish Aupuni a hiki i ke kapikala i ka 1923, ua neʻe akula i Ankara. ʻOiai Constantinople, e kapaia o Kou, no ka mea, he nui iauaeoia oo? Ecia a me nā malihini i ka mea kahiko Byzantium mea no ke kulanakauhale nui me na kia hoʻomanaʻo i ka kuhikuhipuʻuone a me ka akamai, waiwai i loko o ka hema hoʻokipa, a me ka manawa Haliʻaaʻela ka manaʻoo mākou.