ʻO wai ka mea i ka makua kāne o ka Soviet ke kālaikūlohea? Ka loa kaulana physicists o ka USSR

ʻepekema haʻawina i loko o ka Soviet Union lawe mai i ka pū'ā holoholona. Ua hana? aaiuo lehulehu noiʻi institutes a me nā keʻena hoʻokolohua lā a me ka pō, no ka pomaikai o ke ano o kanaka, a me ka aina e like me ka a pau. Halau o Sciences manaʻo mai e hōʻoia ', like me ka' ike loea, humanities, makemakika, chemists, kauka, biologists, geographers oki ma ka noe o ka maopopo '.

Eia naʻe, nānā 'Ua haawiia mai i physicists.

na lala o ke kālaikūlohea

Ka mea nui wahi mea pinepine ua nui pono he aerospace, mokulele, e like me ka hana ana o ka 'enehana kamepiula.

Soviet ke kālaikūlohea Makua

ua nui Famousʻepekema ma ka mōʻaukala. Ka papa noa i ka ' "ka loa kaulana physicists o ka USSR" wehe i ka hope-peresidena o ka Academy o Sciences o ka USSR, Academician Ioffe Aberama Fedorovich. i hana epekema i ke kula kaulana, a ma kekahi mau manawa i pau i ka hailona o loea haumāna puka. He ole ulia Aberama Fedorovich - ka hoʻokamakama Soviet physicist, kekahi o ka poe i kapaia "makua" o kēia 'epekema.

I ka wā e hiki mai nä känaka 'epekema Ua hanau ia ma 1880 ma Romny, kokoke Poltava, i loko o ke kalepa ohana. I kona oiwi kulanakauhale, la ia ia ka haumāna ka hoʻonaʻauao, i ka 1902 puka mai St. Petersburg Institute o Technology, a ekolu makahiki ma hope - University ma Munich. I ka wā e hiki mai "makua kāne o Soviet ke kālaikūlohea" kokua i ka hana ma ka loa Vilgelma Konrada Röntgen. Ia mea i kahaha ko oukou naau i ma ia he opiopio makahiki o Aberama Fedorovich loaa ka inoa o ke Kauka o Science.

Ma hope o ka puka,ʻo ia hoʻi i St. Petersburg, kahi i lilo ai ka hana i loko o ka kūloko Polytechnic Institute. Ua i loko o 1911 ke nä känaka 'epekema i ka mea mua nui loaʻa - ua hōʻike' o ka huina'ine kauoha. 'oihana' oihana hele koke mai, a ma ka 1913 i hoʻopiʻi iā Kumu Joffe.

1918 Ua nui no ka mōʻaukala o ka mea i aie ai i ka aoao o ke nä känaka 'epekema i weheia Physico-Mechanical ka'Āuna Kumu o ka Institute o Radiology mahele. Ma keia hope Joffe loaa ka unofficial inoa o "makua kāne o ka Soviet a me Lūkini'Ātoma."

Mai 1920, oia - he lâlâ o ka Academy o Sciences.

I loko o kona 'oihana lōʻihi Joffe i ua pili me ka Petrograd Komite o ka hana, Hui o Physicists, agrophysical Institute epekema ka hale i loko o St. Petersburg, i ka mea uholo uila keʻena hoʻokolohua.

I World War II, alai ae i ke Komisina o kaʻenehana koa a me ka hana 'enekinia,.

I ka 1942 keʻena hoʻokolohua nä känaka 'epekema hoʻopaipai hamama, ai? Anoee nukelea reactions. Ua Ua ke aupuni 'o Kazan. Kona oihana inoa - "keʻena hoʻokolohua №2 USSR Halau o Sciences."

ʻO wai ka mea i kapaia "ka makua kāne o Soviet ke kālaikūlohea" hou pinepine, no laila ia Ioffe!

Ia, aole ia e lilo i Kumu October 14, 1960 ma St. Petersburg.

I hoomanao o ka nui nä känaka 'epekema busts, e hoʻomanaʻo mau ai, hoʻomanaʻo plaques i hiki. ua hāʻawiʻia i ka Honua, alanui, heʻahā like, kula i loko o kona maoli Romney kona inoa.

A lua ma luna o ka mahina - no ka lawelawe

ʻO wai ka mea i kapaia "ka makua kāne o Soviet ke kālaikūlohea", no ka mea, kēia mea i kekahi o ka poʻokela nä känaka 'epekema - Leonid Isaakovich Mandelstam. He Ua hanau April 22, 1879 ma Mogilev i loko o ka 'imi naʻauao ohana kauka a me ka pianist.

Mai kamaliʻi, ka opiopio Leonid e holo ana i ka 'epekema,ʻoluʻolu ka heluhelu. He aʻo ma ka Odessa, a Strasbourg.

ʻO wai ka mea i kapaia "ka makua kāne o Soviet ke kālaikūlohea"? Ke kanaka nana i hana i ko lakou palena mamao no keia 'epekema.

Mandel'shtam hoomaka scientific hana ma Moscow State University mai ka makahiki 1925. Mahalo i ka hoʻoikaikaʻana o nā kānakaʻepekema, ke kulanui laila, ha awina o ke kino ai 'a me ka makemakika a me ka physical faculties.

Ka hana kaulana loa o Mandel'shtam i ka hoʻopaʻa 'ana o ka malamalama hoopuehu. No ka mea, ua hana Indian nä känaka 'epekema Raman Chandrasekhar loaa ka Nobel uku. ʻOiai ka mea, ua pinepine ae la oia ia mea, ua he Soviet physicist, au i kēia ka hoao ana aneane he pule mamua.

Ia, aole ia e lilo i nä känaka 'epekema ma ka makahiki 1944 ma Moscow.

Ka paʻa o ka Mandel'shtam immortalized ma busts, e hoʻomanaʻo mau ai.

Ma ka hanohano o ke nä känaka 'epekema ka inoa o ka lua ma kaʻaoʻao hoʻi o ka mahina.

mea kākau o ka puke, a nui oi ma mua o kekahi hanauna

Landsberg Gregory Samuilovich - ka kekahi i kapaia "ka makua kāne o Soviet ke kālaikūlohea." He Ua hanau ia ma 1890 ma Vologda.

I ka makahiki 1908, ua puka 'o ia me ka hanohano, mai ke kula kiʻekiʻe ma Nizhny Novgorod.

I ka 1913, ua puka 'o ia mai ka ke kālaikūlohea a me Balanced'āuna kumu o Moscow State University. He hoʻomaka i kona 'oihana me ka ao ana i keia kulanui.

He i hana ia ma ka Omsk Mahiai, Moscow Helu-E noa ka, a noa ka Institute.

I ka 1923, ua lilo i ke Kumu.

O ka papa kuhikuhi hana - i ka hoʻopaʻa 'ana o optics a me spectroscopy. Au ike i ke ano o ka spectral Ka Ikepili i loko o ka likeʻole ma o ke hooheheeia, a oka a pau, no ka mea, i ka 1941 i hookoia ka State uku.

He - i ka hoʻokumu o ka Institute o Spectroscopy o ka USSR Academy o Sciences a me ke Kula o ka'ātoma spectral Ka Ikepili.

Schoolchildren Gregory Samuilovich hoomanao iho la e like me ka mea kākau o ka "kula haʻahaʻaa ke kālaikūlohea puke," a ola me ka hoopuka moakakaʻAeʻia, a no na makahiki i noʻonoʻo i ka pono.

Ia, aole ia e lilo i nä känaka 'epekema ma Moscow i ka 1957.

Uwa maila i loko o ka makahiki 1978 o ka Nobel uku ma ke kālaikūlohea

Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa i hanau June 26, 1894 ma Kronstadt i loko o ka ohana o ka oihana lunaʻenehana a me ka surveyor. Kronstadt ma hope o hoʻopau ke kula, alaila komo ae i ka St. Petersburg Polytechnic University ma ka'āuna kumu o Electromechanics. Ka mua scientific luna hoʻokele o ka wā e hiki mai nä känaka 'epekema lilo o Aberama Fedorovich Ioffe.

Iloko o ka First World War, Kapitsa ua ma luna o ke kahua o ke kaua, e like me ka hana manawaleʻa - hana like me ka 'inikua kaʻa O Keaukaha.

Ma hope o demobilization ia i hoomaka i ka hana ma ka X-Ray a me Radiological Institute, i paʻi i ka hana mua me ka limahana.

I ka 1921, hele aku la i ka mea hou aʻo i loko o ka UK, ma Kamepelika, ma kona mau luna,ʻo ia iā ia iho Ernest Rutherford.

Fame haumāna i lawe mai ai i kona noiʻi i ka ikaika electromagnetic a kihapai. I ka 1922, Peter Leonidovich doctorate. I ka 1929, Kapitza lilo i lâlâ o ka Royal Society o London. I ka Ia manawaʻo ia i koho ma ka absentia i loko o ka USSR.

I ka 1930, pilikino keʻena hoʻokolohua Kapitza i kūkulu.

Ke nä känaka 'epekema, aole poina lākou mau'āina a me ka pinepine mai i kipa i kona makuahine a me nā hanauna.

I ka makahiki 1934 ka mea, ua he mau makaikai. Akā hoʻi iā 'Enelani Kapitsa ua ole, kuu, Kuhikuhi' ia kona kōkua i na enemi.

I ka hookahi makahiki, he physicist, ua hoonohoia oia i Poʻo o ka Institute o Pūʻulu pilikia. I ka makahiki 1935, ua neʻe akula i Moscow, a ua ma ka hoʻolilo o ka malü kaʻa. Ua Ua aneane koke hoʻomaka 'ana i ka hana o ke keʻena hoʻokolohua, like me English. Hoʻolako 'ia o no ka papahana uaʻaneʻane kona palena. Akā, ke nä känaka 'epekema ua pinepine kaulana i ka olelo mamao emi i ka' ōlelo Pelekānia.

I ke kakahiaka nui 1940s, i pahuna ka papa hana o ka Kapitza ma ka loaa ana o ke kinowai ka oxygen.

I ka makahiki 1945, ua komo i loko o ka Soviet'ātoma pōkā pahū papahana.

I ka 1955, ua i loko o ka ulu kime o ka muaʻimi hoʻopunipuni ukali o ko mākou Honua.

ao alohilohi i hana

No ka hana "wai koko a me ka lāʻau thermonuclear naoh" i loko o ka makahiki 1978, academician loaa ka Nobel uku.

Pyotr Leonidovich o ka haumāna haʻawina kālā o ka hoʻolilo 'ia' lehulehu a me ka waiwai pio:. Kona na makana i ka 'epekema mea oiaio invaluable.

Ia, aole ia e lilo i haumana kaulana i ka makahiki 1984.

Ano, ia oe i ka poe i kapaia "makua o Soviet ke kālaikūlohea."