"Adimarala Ushakov" (cruiser): mōʻaukala a me nā 'ano

Ka Soviet Union noho hoʻokahi-ono o ka aina. Kekahi manawa i kona Leeuwerikplein kulana, a me kekahi -ʻanoʻenehana uea, ulu na moku o ka Moana i loko o ke aupuni, ua haawiia mai i kekahi wahi lihi iki o ka manawa. Naʻe, ka mea, ua nō komo i loko o kekahi nui moku'āina.

Waapa, a me cruisers, mokuluu, a me ka mokulele nā moku halihali mokulele, na ia maʻiʻaʻai a me ka nui - papa inoa o nāʻanoʻenehana pāʻoihana ka loa lōʻihi. I kekahi o kēia mau mea i ka "aeto" a me "Project 1144". Kaumaha nukelea Kao lele lako kaua cruiser "Adimarala Ushakov" - he moku lawe hae papahana, i loaa ole ia laua i loko o kekahi moku i loko o ke ao nei. O ia ka leo no ia, kona functionality, ano, koa a me ka oaoieei ikepili e e kūkākūkā i ka pauku.

Ke evolution o ka inoa

It E e hoʻomaopopo i ka inoa "Adimarala Ushakov" cruiser ua i koke'ē aʻe. "Adimarala mau palapu" iʻikeʻia ma hope o ka'opi o ka Union - i ka 1992. A laila,ʻo ia a me kekahi 3 "Orlan" i hou inoa. Ma keia hihia, hoʻokahi wale nō - ka 4th - hanau ka inoa "Petr Veliky". Ka mea mua ekolu, he mau "Adimarala". It Ushakov, Lazarev a me Nakhimov. Ma ka 'ohi' ana o nā lāʻau kūpeʻe o ke kahua i kapaia o "Kirov", "Frunze", "Kalinin" niioaaonoaaiii. Ha o ka cruiser mua inoa "Kuibyshev", laila, ma mua o ka pauʻana o ke kūkuluʻia,ʻo ia loaa i ka hou inoa - "Yuri Andropov".

I ka lā, wale i ka "Petr Veliky" mea i loko o ka hana. "Nakhimov" mea ma luna o ka upgrade. Ka mua elua e kekahi lawe wahi upgrade, akā, no ka "Nakhimov".

"Orlan" pāhana

I ka manaʻo o ka hanaia'na o ka moku, mea hope lilo ka nukelea cruiser "Adimarala Ushakov", i hele mai i kekahi manawa. Ka loiloi mua papahana lā hoʻi i nā makahiki 50th o ka hope kenekulia. A laila, ka mea i manao e ho okumu ana i nā 'ano o nā moku - kekahi i e e he cruiser (Project 63), i ka lua - o ka lewa pale moku (Project 81). No nā 'ano o ka powerplant i? Aaony e pili nukelea mīkini'ātoma.

Project 81 Ua laila paʻa, a me ka hana ma luna o nāʻano Ua hoemi i kekahi olelo. Ka moku Ua manao ia e ole nui loa, akā, i ka 'auhau a me ka lewa iho, a me ka hemahema hoi cruiser. Eia naʻe, i ka papahana 63 i ole i noho nui hou, a koke ae la i paa no hoi.

E hoʻi i ka "nukelea" pāhana hiki mai i ka hopena o na 60s, i ka wa a ka Leningrad Central Design Buro, e hana i kekahi "haʻahaʻa-kāki"'ātoma watchdog moku wale nō. Ka moku E i ka pohupani hale o ma kahi o 8,000 tons (no ka nane, o ka moku lawe hae pāhana - ke Kao lele lako kaua cruiser "Adimarala Ushakov" - loaa 24,000), i hiki ke ole wale hahai i nā moku 'ē aʻe, ka hoʻolako' ia i ke ahi kākoʻo, akā, no hoi e Track iho, ina he pono, luku moku paha enemi. Kekahi o na kumu nui "? Inoaia" Ua manao ia e kona palena cruising huahelu. Ka loiloi mua papahana Ua manaoia e kūkulu ma kahi o 40 mau moku, akā, e like me ka mea huli mai, o ka hana wale ua i makaukau e hookuu i ka moku o keia pohupani hale,ʻaʻole e hōʻike kona affordable kumukuai.

"Land koʻu" + "Orlan"

Waho aʻeo kēia mau inconsistencies, ka papahana loaʻa i ke kukui omaomao i ka 1144. Mea nukelea mana, pū, torpedo launchers, a hiki unmanned helekopa. Ua mea waiwai 'ana i kumumanaʻo i ka hooulu ana o kēia mau mokulele i loko o ka Soviet Union hoomaka lōʻihi ma mua o ka manao ana i na Americans. Naʻe, i ka helekopa moku i ike. Akā, he mea i kekahi like nui wahi no ka laila "Kirov" (hope "Adimarala Ushakov"). Cruiser kolo ana, mai o ka waeʻano o "ka hoʻokoloʻana moku" i loko o ka waeʻano o "Anati-mokuluu moku".

Ka mea i loko o laua "Orlan," ua e kūkulu i ka hoʻokahi wale nō percussive moku, he hei ana o i i kuhi-ka inoa "aina o koʻu" (a "huahana i ka 1165"). A i loko o May 1971, ka wā nā moku i ua mea kaua kūpono 'ana, nā papahana i pili. Wā e hiki mai ka moku i loaʻa i ka mea maikaʻi armament, ma mua ka hoʻomohala no kēlā me kēiaʻano.

paneʻe

A makahiki ma hope o ka hoʻokuʻi pū o ka oihana koa kikoo ua hoʻouna 'ia ka mana hope loa. A laila, e hoʻonoho hoʻi iā lākou i loko o March 1973 ma ka Baltic. Ordzhonikidze cruiser kau poo. Ma ka mana hope o ke kikoo 5 kīʻaha i? Aaony, 4 o i i hana ai. Akā, he mea pono e hoʻomaopopo i ka ha o ka moku - "Petr Veliky" - e loaa he mau oko ao mai lākou counterparts. I ka pau,ʻo ia ka mea, he nui cruising, hou Anati-mokuluu sonar a me nā mea kaua, oi laekahi moku peʻa Kao lele lako kaua.

4 makahiki ma hope, ma ka New Year ka Eve makahiki 1977, i ke kaumaha nukelea cruiser "Adimarala Ushakov" Ua ee a hoʻolālā i loko o ka Moana o ka Soviet Union. Keia makahiki, ua hoailono aku la no ka "aeto" mea i manao ai mea nō kekahi hanana. Ua i laila, i loko o ka Moana hoʻolauna i ka hou Mea Maluna, a "Kirov" mai ka waeʻano o ka poe noonoo ole Anati-mokuluu moku i kaumaha nukelea-mana Kao lele lako kaua cruiser.

Description a me ka mea i manao ai

Iloko o ka manao, a laila, kūkulu moku hoʻomano hoʻohana ahupapa mea i loko o ke ao nei. No ka mea, o ka hoʻokomo-ulu o kana oihanaʻano nui i ka Aluminum-makanekiuma oka a pau. Ka hapa nui o na mea kaua luna i loko o ka hope, a me ka kakaka. Additional kapa kila pale kaua paa hou mai la engine lumi, hale ahu o ka ammunition, a kokoke i ka nui lāʻau kū o ka moku "Adimarala Ushakov".

Cruiser mai he, ua kīkoʻo akula forecastle, a me ka papalua lalo ma ka holoʻokoʻa loa o ka moku. ʻilikai ke kuleana o ka elimaʻoneki (kekahi ma ke kino). Ma ka hope - underdeck hangar papahana no ka ikaika alo o ekolu helicopters. Aloha no hoi ka punohuʻano papa hana ua kūkulu a me ka hāʻawi papaa ka lewa no nā mea a pau i ka mea pono no ka mea mahuka. He "polynomial" punohu a me ka Standpipe kukuna'ōnaehana mea he luna 'kahe ma ke kaʻawale pahu.

Ke kukulu ana ia i ka moku i mua kiʻekiʻe loa e pono ai no ka mea e hiki manufacturing mea kanu. Mua, i ka hei ana hope o ka moku i loaa mai i ka pohupani hale o ka oi ma mua o 24 000 nā kana i loko o ka lua, i ka i kā mākou lōʻihi o ka hauna o ua ia e oi aku mamua o 250 m + Aia i kekahi a pau moʻo o nā koi i hiki e halawai wale i kekahi mea kanu i loko o ka Union - .. Leningrad.

weaponry

Ma mua o ke kamailio e pili ana i nā mea kaua, e pono ke kūʻai 'ana i kumumanaʻo i nukelea-mana Kao lele lako kaua cruiser "Adimarala Ushakov" i e pepehi i ka moku i enemi mokulele lawe pūʻulu, imi iho la ia, a luku aku mokuluu, a, o ka papa, i antiaircraft a (i loko o ka wā e hiki mai) Kao lele lako kaua pale o kona mokuna. No ka pau o kēia mau hana, me ka moku i loaa mai i ka papa inoa o nā 'ano o nā mea kaua. No ka mea, no ka piha ano o kēlā me kēia 'ano o ka nele i ole kekahi' atikala, ia mea pono e kali i ka concise ano.

I ka papa kuhikuhiE hopena lako a pan i ka'ōnaehana o "Granit" - antiship Kao lele lako kaua'ōnaehana aia i loko o ke kakaka. Ua nā 20 Kao lele lako kaua me ka i kā mākou huahelu o 550 km Ke holo, warhead - nukelea. 500 kg warhead.

Antiaircraft mea kaua - rocket eiiieaena "Fort". Cruiser 12 i ka pahu maalea 8 i loko o kēlā me kēia Kao lele lako kaua. Ma waho aʻeo ka lewa pale ke pa a ke ku enemi moku i ka papa mea make. Ke Launch engine i wahi ma hope o kona hoʻokuʻu mai i ka mea kanu i ka hoʻolako i ka Naita me ia a me ke ahi palekana o ka moku. Holo huahelu - 70 ei (kaupalena 'i ka hooponopono ana nenoai ma ka moku).

ASW lako a nā Kao lele lako kaua eiiieaena "Snowstorm" - 10 rocket-torpedoes. Ia i kī pū huahelu - mai i ka 50 ei, o ka hohonu o ka make -. 500 m + i hoʻohana Ma hou a hiki i keia'ōnaehana elua elima-funnel torpedo paipu.

No hoi ma kāhiko mea he nui helu o liʻiliʻi pū, pū a me nā meaʻuʻuku,ʻeono-wali mīkini pū.

malama aku ai i kona aupuni

Mawaena o ka nui kino a me ka hakakā poe mikanele o, a hele mai "ʻaeto lā", ia mea waiwai e kuapo i kekahi ma i ka mea, ua "Adimarala Ushakov". Ke cruiser ua i loko o kā mākou wai, ka wā i loko o December 1983 NATO moku, ua hana ia ma kaʻaoʻao o ka Iseraela, i lilo ai koa ana e ku ei ko Suria, a Lebanona - na allies o ka USSR. Ka moku Ua kauoha, e hele aku i ke Kaiwaenahonua kai. Eia hoʻomaka i ka lanakila. A hiki aku ka mea i hele mai i loko o ia mau wai, a hiki i ka mākaʻikaʻi ua he uuku emi ma mua o ka lā, koke oki ae hoʻolele NATO moku, a holo aku la a hiki i ka mokupuni kahi. Hoʻokokokeʻana ma mua o 500 ei a hiki i ka "Ushakov" Americans i ole kekahi.

Maiʻai maka, Blogs

A hopuna'ōlelo, mai ka kahiko moʻolelo ma luna o ka hōʻike loa maikai o ke kahua a me ka moku ma ka wanaao o ka hou kenekulia. I ka 1989, ka wā o ka cruiser ua ma luna o ka hana, wawahiia ka papa kuhikuhiE gearbox. A laila, na pilikia hoʻomaka me ka papa kuhikuhiE mana kanu, a me ka makahiki 1991, ka luna loaa kauoha: pono paka i ka hoakaka ma ka hoʻoponopono 'ana. Moku berth, akā, ma hope iho makahiki, he mea hoʻokahi wale nō nui kekahi hanana - ka hoʻololi waapa ma ka Russian Moana, a Kapa hou i loko o kaumaha nukelea Kao lele lako kaua cruiser "Adimarala Ushakov". Modernization a me ka awelika? Aiiio e ke i wale ma ka makahiki 2000.

Ka hope hopena Ua loa ana pahuhopu nei me ke kahiko poʻe hoʻokalakupua kaao - ia a pau hilinaʻi nui ma luna o kahi o ka comma. No ka 20 makahiki (mai ka manawa mai o ka i? Iaie? Hailona), kona kulana mau manawa keia comma hoʻololi. Ke modernization, ka loaa, a laila, he hou pāʻoihana, a hiki hoʻi i ka Moana, akā, ia mea i hope. He aha e hiki e hiki mai ana, a ina paha kuu i loko o ke kai "Adimarala" Ua nō IKE OLE IA.

ka hopena

Kekahi o na moku mau i loko o ka Lūkini Moana cruiser "Adimarala Ushakov" hoʻolaha i ka mana kanu ma muli o nukelea mīkini'ātoma. ʻO kēia lā, i loko o ke ao nei'auwaʻa mea ole moku firepower like i "Ushakov". Ka muli o ke alakaʻi ma luna o ka moana lipolipo i loko o na hihia a pau radically hoololi i ke koena o ka mana i loko o kekahi mau wahi, i hiki, a minamina loa iho makemake ia ina ka moku o keia ano wale e ae i ka hamoʻia.