"Raptor" F-22 (F-22 Raptor) - he nunui-kūlana kinai elima-hanauna

I ka hoʻomaka o September 1997ʻo ia i Debut holo ana o ke kinai "Raptor" F-22. I loko nō zlopyhaniya na wahi lulu, a me na haole akamai, maikaʻi auhee ano o ka mokulele, akā, he mau makahiki aku nei ia i hope ia mai o? Iecaianoaaiiuo. A ka mea,ʻaʻole no ka nui loa i loko o kona nani loa pipiʻi, akā, me ka mea i hana 'i kupu mai ma kona hana.

E puhiʻoukou i ka poʻe uku

I ka moʻolelo e hūnā iā ka "Raptor" F-22, hiki ke paʻiʻia ma ka hoike ia buke. Ua pau intertwined: ka intransigence o ka US Ahaolelo, a me ka tantrums haku polokalamu ka poe i haʻakoi e hui pu ole-superimposable, a me ke ohohia o ka lele mua, a me ka pohihihi ka make ana o na pailota, a me ka mau kapu ma luna o ka hana ana wahie, ... Ka huina, i ua hoolilo ma luna o ka ulu ana o ka mokulele loa 70 ieeeea? dala e like me kūhelu hoike.

Where hele aku la i ka kêia kanaka

E noa ka papahana ma luna o hanaia'na o ka hou mokulele F-22 Raptor 'Amelika poʻe akamai la hou i ka 1981, akā, nā mea kūʻai mai i loko o ka maka o ke aupuni, ua maopopo nö iä ia (akā,ʻaʻole nā mea a pau), i ka ulu ana, i mea maikaʻi, lohi no ka mau o ka makahiki. I rula, o ka Air Max pono i loko o kēlā mau makahiki loaa momoku ahi hou F-15, hiʻona a e e lawa no kekahi mau makahiki. I mea no ke aha la Washington pono makemake e kiʻi i kekahiʻano hana i makemake e loa i oi i nā Soviet a me Europa. Nā loea kālai'āina moe e pili ana i ka loa versatile mokulele i hiki ke hana me ka hakakā a me ka hoouka mokulele. Pehea i e hiki mai ana? Hoahewa aku oe.

Ka kūkuluʻana loa welau a

Ma ka hoʻokomo akula i ka mea i hōʻike mai iā ia wale inconceivable i ka manawa koi. Penei, ka onboard kamepiula i ia i kekahi nona iho no ma ka liʻiliʻi 10 Gflops a iaiyoe i kekahiʻAi pāpiliona. Au pono aku nei au i ka haku polokalamu i ua hiki ia ke hoʻoponopono ia i ka AICIeOEOI pilikia ka hoʻohana 'ana i kekahi mea unu lawelawe i486. Akā, laila, i ke koa i e kali ana no ka papai aku: i ka 1996, pono i ka makahiki mua o ka lele mua, ka hui "Intel" hai i ka pae-mai o OOAOAaXUEIE Ke Ana Hoʻohālike. Ia manawa, i ka Pentagon kope i manaoia e loaa ma ka liʻiliʻi loa 1.200 mokulele, kela mea keia mea o ka i koi 80 (!) Nā unu lawelawe. Hea i lawe ka mea, e? Lockheed Martin Ua pinepine ae la oia ho'āʻo ai i "laila kaomi" na haku polokalamu, akā, "Intel" ua he uaua Nut e crack a i ole makemake i ka paka mākaukau OOAOAaXUEIE lako a pan ma ka liʻiliʻi batches.

A nolaila au i ai i koke rewrite a pau o ka lako polokalamu no ka mea hou unu lawelawe. Wale ma ke ano e, e like me kūhelu ikepili, ka mea, ua i pana aku au i ma ka liʻiliʻi loa o ka ieeeea dala. I mau, ka "kona palena manawa palena" ua hoohewaia oia pipiʻi hoʻokolokolo. A me ka mea i wale i ka hoʻomaka. Aia hoʻi, me ka lima-hanauna kinai ...

E huli a ua hoʻokahe i kekahi mau waimaka

Koa ia lakou iho i ka moe o vundervaffe, i ka lilo o ka i makemake ole oi $ 40 miliona no pelane. Akā, i ke kumu kuai i ua steadily e ulu ana, a no ka mea, o ka Pentagon i, e ho'ēmi i kā lākou mau opu. I ka 187 mokulele (a i curtailed? Iecaianoaaiiuo) i kukulu ia i ka 2011, ua lilo i mea akaka i ka waiwai e lilo aku o kekahi mīkini oi ma mua o $ 150 miliona. No laila, i ka lilo ana o F-22 "Raptor" "no ka oi" (a me ka nui) i holo 'awelika F-117 (iʻikeʻia e like me "ʻoʻopa goblin"), i i noʻonoʻo i ka mea e palapala ma luna o ke anakahi. Naʻe, i kēia mīkini no i ka nui oi maikaʻi hiʻona ma mua o ka ÷ 117, a 'Amelika pailota ia lakou iho mahalo kapaia "lele Iron".

A i kaʻokoʻa

Hoʻokahi wale nō hypothetically, like "Raptor" F-22 i ole nae i loko o ka maoli kaua, i ka mokulele mea mākaukau maikaʻi i loko o ka lani. Mai ka wahi o ka Hawaii o ka Radarʻike pono ia mea,ʻaʻole no laila, nui okoa mai ka "maʻamau" machines. Kīmopō a me ka wahi o ka Hawaii o ka pelane - pono nonsense, no ka mea, i kēia kālā hiki ke kuai ma ka liʻiliʻi loa he kakiniʻike mau kaua mokulele, hoomau kāki i ka haneri o ka manawa e emi (!).

A pau i kēia mea,ʻaʻole i ka hopena o ka nele i ka professionalism o ka poʻe akamai. Americans ua mau hana i ka mokulele maikai, ka hoao ana i loko o keia kahua, aole lakou e i lawe aku. Iki i ka manawa haku polokalamu ua i e i ka lele mua mai o ke kaʻa i ke kaʻina o ka oihana-mua aʻe nei. A me keia, e like me 'oe ke ike i kekahi technically savvy kanaka, aole loa i ka mea maikaʻi, hana ole.

i ke ala o kaʻae like hoʻokuʻu ma kahai

No laila, au i ai i mau e hele ai i ka worsening hana. No ka laʻana, "Raptor" F-22, aole mawaho wehe no Kao lele lako kaua pōkā pahū mea kaua hanaʻino mai i ho'ēmi i kā kona waiwai i 'Aʻohe. Ua hele aku la no ka paha i ka loaʻa nui o ka wehe 'pelane lilo ponoʻike makaʻole i ka Radar. Pehea hiki mīkini no ke kālā no nenoai o Radar ka loaʻaʻana, ua i ikeia ia "kaua" hoʻohana "Raptor" i ka lā mea i kaupalena 'ia kamepiula hōʻulu.

A no ka mea, a pau i ka "iie" ua aia i loko o ka pā compartments. A pau eha o lakou. Na mau - kekahi Kao lele lako kaua, ka mea'ē aʻeʻelua - mau. A, e like me ka Customer ka koi, ka mea, e hoʻomaka i ka hanaʻino, a me ke kinaiʻano. E like me ka hopena, ka mea makemake ia e ho okumu ana i Ka Uluwehi O ka manaʻo i ke "pahu mai" ke Kao lele lako kaua ma supersonic māmā. A me keia ua hana koke aku i loko o nā kūlana. First ikaika pneumatic mea hoʻomaka literally kikeke mea, mai ka mawaho'opihia lewa, ahu iho, a laila, discards na neaa mea lele ma luna o kona ala.

Nā luna o ka US Air Max makemake i ka pane manawa-naʻauao kēiaʻano papa hana e ole oi 0.2 kekona. O ia ka leo pololei, hoʻowahāwahā i ka Herculean hooikaika o nā kānakaʻenehana a me nā kānakaʻepekema, ma ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa, ua nui ka 0,9 kekona. A ka mea, ke ole ia ma o ka lohi mechanics: ina ka rocket e pahu aku ai i ka afterburner mämä holo wikiwiki o kona lukuia ana. No laila, i ka naoh o ka pelane, no laila, e'ōlelo aku, ae hoolohi.

It E e kaulana ia ia i ke kahaha ko oukou naau holo, i nā mea a pau Kao lele lako kaua, aʻaʻole i loko o nā mea a pau lele 'ole: i ka honua hoouka ua ho'ā' oi ma mua o ka mea hoʻoluku. Me ka hele ana i loko o mea kiko'ī, o ka hamama pōkā pahū kaikūʻono, ka rocket ua kau ma luna o nā mawah, a me ia i ka hoʻomaka 'ana o ka mea lele Launch ina e pono ai.

I ka inoa o nā makakoho

Ma ka hopena a pau i ka iho mai, no laila, i ka pelane F-22 "Raptor" ma ka unuhi papa mai e hele aku, akā, no ka mea ua e e mōhai. Epekema iʻano hana e hoʻonui loa holo lawelawe kinai. A laila, na nā kānakaʻenehana hoʻoholo ihola e hoʻohana kiko'ī me ka ee iaaanu aey hou vectoring, a me ka nui loa hou i nā contours o ka airframe. No ka mea kumu, Americans makemake e noho wale nō i loko o ka vertical hou loli (mākou SU-35, no ka laʻana, ke hoʻololi ia i loko o ka papamoe ao ao).

ʻike makaʻole ma Radar pale i loko o ka lua wahi. Akä naÿe i ka "Lame Goblin ', i mea, o ka F-117, i hoʻohana' ia ai i ole e hana ino i ka Classic kinona o ka airframe, a me ka ole, e hoohuli i ka pelane ma ka hao ma ka hua'ōlelo o aerodynamics. Hehi hoʻi mai ke kumuhana, no ka laʻana, i ka makahiki 1990, ka wā? Iecaianoaaiiie o "Night Hawk" Ua koke pelupelu ia, i ke kala a pau, mai kēia polokalamu i ili ai i ka "Raptor". Ke kumumanaʻo mea i ka dissipation wahi i loko o F-22 Raptor mea 0,3 m². Ka "Goblin", keia huahelu kaulua mai 0,01 a hiki i 0,0025 m². Akā, i ka "Raptor" aka hoi hoʻoholo i hana ia ma ka pelane, kahi o yiaeaiiacaaeneiie hao. Aloha kau, i ka poe Lockheed Martin, i kēia manawa nō,ʻaʻole e hoao i ka hoomanawanui ana o ka Ahaolelo.

Naʻe, ka mea maʻamau kalepa-aku ma waena o pololei a me ka stealth bombing nō i 'Aʻole e holopono. A hiki i ka huli i ka pāʻoihana i ou wahi lihi iki o ke dala i ua pau keia la. No laila, no ka mea, o ka makemake o ka "Raptor" i ka manawa i hana mākou i ka "akamai" hopeʻia alakaʻi i ka pale ma ka GPS. Ka mea i ka pōkā pahū puka i ka poe liilii, F-22 wale, aole i pono i ka maʻamau pōkā pahūʻeleu ka mākaʻana. Inā 'oe ke hoʻohana i ka "mea" ammunition suggestive mea, ua ku e ke kukuna mea nana i ulana, ka mea a pau stealth mokulele e lele iho la i ka moni loa. No laila, ukali kōkua ua kokoke ka wale e hiki pāʻoihana a hiki i kēia pilikia.

I mau, me ka pōkā pahū huli kilakila: i lele ai i ka mamao mai ka 30 kilomika mai o ka hookuuia wahi, i ka haiahū kūmau mai i ka pale kaua, ua emi o 11 mau mika. Pololei olelo ana, ia mea he rocket, rigidly nākiʻi i kekahi wahi o ka Honua ka ili honua. No laila, inā i ka pahuhopu o kaʻoihana kaʻa, ke pa a kona mau lima-hanauna kinai e e hiki ia ināʻaʻole paha. A hou e ukuhi i ka hoopau ana i ka kīmopō o kona nā mea hiki. Akā, i kēia mea,ʻaʻole ka mea wale io. E ku i ka "akamai" pōkā pahū wahi pale kaua, "Raptor" i, e lele pono ma lalo o ka ihu o kaʻenemi ka ea pale koa. No laila, i ka mea keu haawe ana i loko o ke kaʻa pōkā pahū puka i kauoha hou a me Kao lele lako kaua ua hōʻike hewa hoʻololi i kaʻoi loa e ee i ka Anati-mokulele pale.

lele aku la i ka nawaliwali

Ua mea noteworthy i ka versatile F-22 "Raptor", ke ano o ka a, ke ike,ʻaʻohe hana Lako e huai ae, a Track honua pale, a hou ho'ēmi i kā kona hoao manawa i ka palena iki. I mau, a me ka ole, e'āhewa wale i ka poʻe akamai: initially like lako a pan i loko o ka mokulele ua, akā, ka mea i laweʻia mai o ke kūkulu o ka Pentagon ka noi, i ka wa a ka lilo ana o ka polokalamu loa nui aku me ka unahiʻole. I ka aie o na nā kānakaʻenehana o "Lockheed Martin," au pono e olelo aku nei ia ma ka liʻiliʻi loa i ke kumu o na mea paahana no ka miomio bombing, ka mea, ua paa nae ka hiki ke malama. No laila, ma ka pelane, ma laila nō nā mea a pau i ka pono koho, a e oe koke, a me kekahi poho aka e pono e hoʻohui onboard pono, ina ka mea, e haawi maikaiʻoi aʻe nō hoʻi.

Eia naʻe, no laila, a hiki i ka iniiaiie kumu o ka luku pale ma luna o ka honua, ua like ka ia me ka mea ma luna-i oleloia GPS hopeʻia, a me ka ka hoʻokōʻana mea kiʻekiʻe, akā, wale e hana me ka wahi mea wā. Ma mau, keia mea i ke kumu o ka "Raptors" i kuleana i loko o ka US koa ana ma Afghanistan o ka ia. ʻO wai ka mea ma laila, e hopu i ka GPS? Pela no hoi no keia mea, e Americans kahikoia me nō ke ku i ka wa kahiko F-16, he kūpono hope ka mea i loaa ole.

Nui, i ka hoomaopopo ana i ke kaua ma Iraq, ma ka US koa i halawai oi a emi mea hoa paio i maunakea, begs hoʻokahi wale nō Ka Hopena: ka hoʻohana 'ana o F-22 i ke kaua me ka aina o ka Apana World - ka luku loa nonsense. Watch i ka holo ana o ka mokulele e kokoke aku ma mua o ka mau o ka wa kahiko F-15, a ana hana i ka ia hana.

ke kahu moku, ola kākoʻo kahua

A kohu mea, i ka US Air Max loaa i ke kaʻa, a mea he lākou o oaoieei-absurdities ia. I rula, i ke kumu no keia manao mea, akā, ma ka ike maopopo, i kēiaʻano hana Desha i na mea he nui holomua loea. O ia ka leo e like me ka mea, i laila, "maka", i na pono a pau i haawiia ia ia - i kekahi mea i loko o ka maka o ka pilikia i ka mea i hana. New 'ikamu i eiiieaena, pipiʻi a capricious ma ka debugging. Kekahi i ka loa typical kumu hoʻohālike o ka mea ka mea kūikawā hoopii kahu moku, ola-kākoʻo. I mea, keia "hoopii" i loko o ka manaʻo pohihihiʻaneʻane surpasses spacesuit.

Ka'ōnaehana Ua ai moemoeā i ka mea loaʻa i ka hana me ka hoʻohana 'loa ka mea palupalu loa kamepiula. Inā ka mea, ke aloha, he mea he koho o ka manuale ka hoʻololiʻana i ka manuale ke kāohi (e ke kuapo mea koho). Akā, ua i loko o ka hoao mua i loko o ka hakakā 'iniha, pailota Make Loa i noho ōlaʻi i hōʻike mai pailota me ka noi transplant ia c. Lockheed Boeing F-22 Raptor e hou aku i mea kūpono. Ka nui, e hoike ana i ka muliwai a me ka mākeke o nāʻoihana kaʻa me ka overload ikaika o nā poʻe hoʻoholo moku ua hoano e huʻi anoxia, ma ka verge o maʻule hou ihola nō. Alaila, o ka poe koa bureaucrats i ole hoʻopili aku i kekahi mea nui hoopii. ʻO ia wale nō i loko o ka makahiki 2010, koke i ka ke kahu moku, ua "nāwaliwali" a wale ia e hina no i loko o ka derivation o "Raptor" o ka hoʻohei. E like me ka hopena, i ke kaʻa ili, he kanaka i make.

Ua a laila i waho i ka'ōnaehana kupono a me ka hookuuia ke ea i loko o ke kahu moku, o ka hoopii poorly ulu. More kaʻoi loa, "Khimich" kiwikā: no ka mea, o kona ea manawa eʻaʻole pono hookahe lawa ponoʻole hana, a me ka hopena i kanaka e wale'uī ka oi puʻe. A ua, no ka ikaika overload e hiki i ka'opihia akemāmā alveoli. E like me ka hopena, hoʻokahi haneri a me kanalima kaa i ka poe ma ia manawa i loko o nā kaua, i ke urgently hou-haumāna. More ma mua o ka makahiki "Raptor" Ua pololei loa e piʻi oi aku mamua o elima tausani mika (me ka palena o ka 20 miliona).

Ka Anahonua, i aoia

Ua Ua manaoio ia i ka lā, i ke kaʻa pono e e lawe mai ai i ke kulana hope. Akā, me ka ninau koe hamama - mea e kali no laila, nui ke kālā ma luna o ka ulu o keia mokulele. Hypothetically hemolele kinai i auou caiaiai ma ka mokulele hanauna 4 ++, a me kā lākou kīmopō ma ka Pentagon, a me nā manawa kūpono mai i ho'āʻo i ka hoomanao koke hou.

Naʻe, e ole hoopunipuni kakou ia kakou iho: ka meaʻawaʻawa loa haʻawina Americans aʻo ua i ino. I ka wā o ka F-35 manao, maneuverability hoʻoholo e kaumaha aku i loko o ke aloha o ka stealth. Ke Customer laila, hoʻoholo i ia he maikaʻi hana ano e ole ai paʻa mau no ka kiʻekiʻe hana RF neaiaea lakou hoopuehu. Naʻe, i kēia manawa no ka Americans hele mai i ka 'ē aʻe rake, akā, me ka ninau manawa mea,ʻaʻole e pili ana i ... Ma ka hopena, au makemake makemake i ka olelo i ka manawa i piha ho'āʻo mākou pak-fa. Loa paha, ua hiki ke lawe i loko, no ka hopena maikaʻi hana o ko lākou huakaʻi i ke kai counterparts a me ka olelo lealea, e haʻi hou aku i ko lakou mau hewa mākou poʻe akamai.

It E e ua hoʻokoʻikoʻiʻia ia, hoʻowahāwahā a pau kona hewa, ke kinai F-22 "Raptor" - paha ka mea wale Western mokulele, hiki ke hana i ke kaulana 'moʻo make Pugachev ". A me keia mea he loa ino hoailona, e hoike ana i ka mea kiʻekiʻe maneuverability o ka mīkini, i mea oiaio no, hiki ke paʻi i like hua'ōlelo me mākou SU-37 a me ka hope ana hoʻohālike.

XIX. hoakaka

• Huina airframe lōʻihi - 18,9 m.
• Full i kā mākou'ahakuhina kiekie - 5,09 m.
• Ka huina wingspan - 13,56 m.
• Loaʻilikai āpana o ka'ēheu - 78,04 m.
• Weight unloaded mokulele - 19 i 700 kg.
• Ke kaupalenaʻana takeoff ke kaupaona - 38000 kg.
• Area lakou hoopuehu - 0.3-0.4 sq. m.
• Pahu Rod kiko'ī - 2 m 15.876 kgf.
• ʻO kā mākou attainable holo - 2700 km / h.
• I ka mämä holo i loko o ka maʻamau pololei, me ka afterburner - 2410 km / h.
• Ke i kā mākou ana māmā ma ka 'ilikai - 1490 km / h.
• Ke kahahńnai o ka hakakä i - 760 ei.
• ʻO kā mākou achievable kiʻekiʻena - 20,000 mau mika.
• Overload i hoʻonui - 9 g.
• I ka papa kuhikuhiE armament o ka F-22 "Raptor" - 20-mm o akomi kī, ewalu Kao lele lako kaua "ea-i-ea" a eono "akamai" hopeʻia, a he huihui 'ana o ia mea.

Commissioning i wahi i ka 2005. Huina? Iecaianoaaiiuo 187 mokulele. Nalowale elima ikaika.

Ma ka hopena, au makemake makemake i ka hoʻonaʻauao koke hou ia ka "Raptor" - he pololei mamuli o ka hopena maikaʻi HA e pili kēia palahalaha ae ma ka ua 'Amelika koa. Ae, o ka mokulele i ka hailona o nā pilikia o oicyenoaaiiie manao, no ka mea, i ka Pentagon noonoo nui hiki ole ke uku aku. Akā, mai ka oaoieei-wahi o ka hoomaopopo, i ke kaʻa ua loa kohu kūpono. Na wale maoli drawback - i ka nele o ka loa nunui-tasking.

Honua pale kinai F-22 "Raptor" hana kokoke e hiki ole, me ka laulā o ka ekolu eha paha hopeʻia apparently mailuilu haalele. Akā, i ka pelane mea maikai no kaʻoiaʻiʻo, a ina ma ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa kēia i ole, ua hookupaa iho la ia ma ka hua'ōlelo o Hana me kaʻenemi ikaika.

Ma ke ala, i ko kakou T-50 no hoi i wale i ka paʻa na mea kaua mākuʻe, a me ka 'ike e pili ana i ke alo o ka mawaho kino kini puʻe wale mea ole ... ihola mākou, a me ka US lima o ka hanauna kinai mea pono like i kekahi i kekahi. Ua Ua manaolana ole e i ka hakakā hoao ana o ko lākou mau uea, e lawe mai. Eia hou kekahi, a me nā mea a pau i ka oaoieei-kapu "Raptor" mākou e ole e hoopoina i kaʻana like 'ana kēia ea hakakā liona ka o ka pomaikai - ka hoʻohana o kēia Kao lele lako kaua. A me ia, me ka Americans a pau pono.

Eia hoi, he nui hoʻohui papahana no ka F-22 a me F-35 (no ka US, o ka papa) - Honua 'epekema a me ka holo loa hou' enehana he. Wahi lulu SU-47 "Berkut" hana, a holo i loko me ka ia pahu hopu.