Alphonse Bertillon a me kona makana i ka ulu ana o ka criminology

Kēia Farani, hele akula ia ma ka mōʻaukala me ka criminologist kaulana, i hana mai i kekahi kūikawā iaoia, e like me ka mea hewa iaia e mākaukau kaua ma ana i nā māhele kanaka o ke kanaka kino, a me ka poo. Alphonse Bertillon - he kūoʻo i na kanaka - i komo i ka halepaahao keena kahi ia i komo i loko o nā ana o ke kino ai 'kiko'î o ka pio.

Ia ia i ka i hoʻouluulu anthropometric kiʻi pono e hana 15 ana. No ka laʻana, e loaʻa mai ka mea i ka lōʻihi o ka manamana nui a me pinky, ho oholo i ka anawaena o ke poo, ka laula o ka lae, a no laila, ma luna o. D. kona fidgeting kena ae la ka minoʻaka, a me kekahi manawa obscene oʻApelila pio, akā,ʻaʻohe mea hiki ke noonoo ai i na mea e hiki i ke kanaka nondescript me ka curly poo a me ka nifty mustache - Alphonse Bertillon. Na makana i ka criminology i kanaka mea nae i nui loa. He mea ka hoʻokumu o ke ano o ka 'ike o anthropometric ikepili, a i hope kapa no ia bertilonazhem.

Alphonse Bertillon: Kawaihae, ola moʻolelo

Aina hanau o ka criminalist i ka MH 1853, April 24, ma ka Palani kulanakauhale alii. Kona makua kāne - he luawai-ike kauka a me ka statistician Lui Adolf Bertillon. He ua he lâlâ o ka Anthropological Society o Paris, a me ke kupuna kāne, Achilles Giyar - hanohano mathematician, ma kona ano maoli nä känaka 'epekema, ka mea iʻikeʻia i loko o ka' epekema kaiāulu maʻEulopa. Ma ka olelo, i ke keiki i kupanaha nā'ōewe, akā,ʻaʻole i loko o ke kula, aole hoi ma ke kulanui,ʻo ia iʻaʻole i nui kona pomaikai ma, i i kipaku mai i ka imperial Lyceum ma Versailles. A laila, i ka opiopio Alphonse Bertillon no kekahi mau makahiki hele hewa ia i loko o ka Palani kula.

pūʻulu

Alphonse Bertillon (kona Hawaii photo oe ke ike i ka 'atikala) i Akä naÿe i ka ohana kaulana aohe inclination no na sciences. He ua unsociable, pedantic, talkative, distrustful - typical introvert. Neeaa i heʻano kūhalahala ano, ua nui loa quarrelsome a me ka spiteful, hiki i nä Temepela no ka mea, o ka trifle. He no ka mea, o keia mea, he e hoʻololi kula ekolu manawa. Ma kekahi kākoʻo ola i ka mea hookahi i hoʻokuʻu me ka ho'ākākaʻana mai o ka pali, i kahi o kona makua kāne i hoonohonoho. A laila, Alphonse Bertillon hoʻoholo ihola e hoʻololi i ka pilikia, a haʻalele France, Palani kumu e noho ana i loko o ka waiwai English ohana. Akā, i ka pilina a malaila i ole nei, no laila, loaʻa iā ia i koho akā, e hoʻi i ko lākou'āina.

Alphonse no hoi i i ike pehea e kamaʻilio me ka wahine, a hana hoihoi 'e kali manawa. Ua Ua ua loa hoonele pepeiao no ka mele, e like me ka pokole o ka nani. Ua koho 'ia ka 22-makahiki kahiko ua kanaka opiopio la i loko o ka Army Royal. Apparently, a maanei ka mea, ua i maʻalahi, no ka mea, o kona quarrelsome ano.

'oihana Search

Ma hope o kekahi mau makahiki, e waiho ana i ka hana, Alphonse Bertillon mea 'Imi imi no ka hana, akā,ʻaʻohe pehea ho'āʻo mea, ia i hiki ole i loaʻa kekahi mea pono. Oae, ia i loaa ole ai ka hoʻonaʻauao kiʻekiʻe, a me keia complicates i ka huli 'ana. Ma ka hopena, i ke kanaka opiopio manao e koke hou noi no ka kōkua mai i kona makua kāne.

Ma hope o kekahi manawa, Lui Bertilonu e hoʻokele i ka hooponopono i ka lāʻau kū o ka kakauolelo hope i kana keiki i ka makai Kulanakauhale o Paris. Penei, Bertillon i ka 1879 ua i loko o ka hālāwai 'ia.

hana

A lohe o Alphonse i ka mua manawa i loko o ka oihana o ka forensic 'ike, au ua nui loa hoʻohiki, like stultifying a me kaʻaneʻane meaningless manaʻo hoʻiʻo ia i kona wā e hiki mai hana. Oddly lawa, ka mea, ua i wale ku e mai ia ia, mai ka ha awina, akā, ma ka mea ku ole, puʻe wale akula kēlā, e noonoo i ka pilikia o kēia criminology. Limahana o kana oihana kekahi manawa i hoʻopuʻukahua ho'āʻo ma nā hoapili i ka hoʻololi 'ana i kekahi mea, a hiki ole hoi ke manao wale ia ma ke alo o ia i ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kālā a hou i ka iaoia - Alphonse Bertillon. Forensics me kona lima malamalama i ia manawa i ka hailona o ka holomua.

hou i ka manaʻo nui

Kela a me keia lā, ua kākau a me nā limahana o kona oihana nānā 'haneri o na tausani o ka pepa a me ka hōʻike o na kanaka, ka poe i loa hana i ka hewa. Eia naʻe, hanau, a hoala i waena o mathematicians Bertillon manaʻo i loko o kāna hana i kekahi mea hewa, i ka mea,ʻaʻohe systematization, a hiki kōkua i loko o kona hanana. A, hoomanao ana i ka anthropometric kiko'î a, hoomaka ae la gauging o kekahi māhele o ke kino ia, a manao iaʻikepili hoolako mai i loko o ka palapala ninaninau, a i wehe i hewa.

Ike i ke Kawaihae ana o ke kanaka, mea aneane hiki ole i ka manaoio ana ia mea i ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kālā o ke au hou i loko o criminology. Ma hope o kona i manaoia iaoia i aponoia, a ua loaa hiʻona i loko o ka ahakanaka 'atikala i ikeia'ku me ka leo headlines - "Palani ano akamai o Alphonse Bertillon a me kona pähola' o ka 'ike o nā miscarriages o ka pono", "E mau ke ola o ka iaoia" bertilonazh "- i ka nui loa o na discoveries o ka 19th kenekulia" .

ka papa hana

I ka manawa ia Bertillon hana hou i kekahi papa hana i ole he Hawaii photo manawa kūpono 'ole fingerprinting - nä ke kanaka i loko o e like me ka fingerprints. Mai ka 'ike e pili ana i na lawehala i ole systematized, ke kāleka kākau kekahi' ike i ka poe ma ka waha 'kiʻi. Naʻe, i kēia hōʻike fits na tausani he nui o kanaka, eia hoi, uaʻaneʻane 'aʻohe' ikepili ma luna o lākou anthropometric ikepili.

Alphonse hoʻomaopopo i hawawa, kākau i ka 'ilikai ano o kiʻekiʻe-haʻahaʻa type, manoanoa-lahilahi. Nui hou nui, e kākau i ka palapala i ke kūlike loa kiʻekiʻe, poʻohiwi laula, i na mea kaua lōʻihi a hiki i ka fingertips, a no laila, ma luna o. D. mea I e e ana o ka mea kiko'î o ke kanaka, i ka poe ikaika. A me ka 'ike i loko o ka wā e hiki mai eʻaʻole kālele ana ma luna o kekahi a mau mea kiko'î, a me 14-15. Ka pahiki o ka hewa, e pela e minimized. More ua hōʻike hewa, A. Bertillon loaʻa ana ka hui malu pu ana o ka umikumamaha kiko'î e like me ka ulu, mauka kino lōʻihi, poo anapuni a me ka loa, i ka lōʻihi o ka lima a me ka wawae, e like me kela mea keia mea o na manamana, a no laila, ma luna o. E. oʻo kanaka paha coincidences mea like i 1 a hiki i 250 miliona.

workflow

O ka papa, i kona manaʻoi hāpai 'ia ma luna o ka paa ana o anthropometric kiʻi i loohia i ka palaoa o ka paakai. Naʻe, ka mea i haawiia mai i ka manawa e hana i keia, a e ho'āʻo kona laulā. D. nā hoapili lealea o ke alaʻo ia i ka laina ma ka lima, ke kapakai a lehalehu t kiʻi hewa, ana i ka mamao ma waena o nā maka, i ka lōʻihi a me ka laula o ka ihu, a me ka ihu alahaka, a me ka 'ole.

A laila, na Aupuni loaa forensic 'ae a me ka kipa halepaahao keena, obmerivaya hopu. O ka holo ana, kēlā manawa e loaa kekahi sebaceous oʻApelila ia ma na paahao, aole nae ia i ole e lohe ia ia, a painstakingly hele aku la i kona pahu hopu.

Kēlā me kēia manawa,ʻo ia i hoomaopopoia no ka pono o kona kumumanaʻo: i ka nui o ka 5 māhele o ke kino e mai i ka ia i ka mea ia manawa. Ua loaa ma ka lima o ka hoike, e kākoʻo i kona kumumanaʻo, a hoike aku la i kona ulu ana. Akā, ka mea, ua pono e hoonohonoho ia a pau, ka mea, ua pono e hoʻohana i nāʻikepili ma o ka 'ike o nā hana hewa. O ka holo ana, ia no hoi i ka hana me Alphonse Bertillon.

Ka hōʻike o ka mana hope loa o kona papa hana i, e lawe wahi wale nō ma hopeʻo ia i nā mea a pau ma luna o ka shelves, a e e hiki ke hoʻohana forensic ka aina e.

systematization

Once na ana i ua ohi, ka mea, ua pono, e hana i kekahi kāleka 'inideka i loko i ka mea i hiki i ka huli' ana i ka makemake pili.

E like me ia Bertillon kumumanaʻo, ka hoʻohana 'ana i ka wa a ke kāleka waihona o 90 000 piliʻike hiki ia i loko o ka wahi mua i ka palapala me ka papa kuhikuhiE hiʻona o ka lōʻihi o ke poʻo, a laila, hiki ke puunaueia a pau o nāʻano i loko o ka papa kuhikuhiE pūʻulu ekolu. Ma keia hihia, kēlā e i 30 000 pepa.

A laila, ina kekona lako aiao e like me ka laula o ke poo, ma ke kumu o keia hana, o ka pa alima e i i 9 pūʻulu, kela mea keia mea o ka i mea 10,000 pepa.

Inā 11 kiko'î, kēlā pahu e wale 10-12 piliʻike oe ke hoʻohana. A pau keia a hoike aku la i ka prefect o ka Palani karaima makai, Mr. Surete. Naʻe, He aha ka mea, ua initially paakiki e maopopo i ka mana loa huahelu i heluʻia i loko o na kolamu, aʻo ia i aʻo aku ai iā ia i hou i ka hoopilikia i kekahi nonsense. Eia naʻe, Alfonso i i haawi mai a ho'āʻo i kona maikai, e hooiaio i ka pono o kona kumumanaʻo. A lailaʻo ia i hāʻawiʻia i ka 3-mahina hookolokolo ana au.

Hoike o ka hopenaʻoi loa kumumanaʻo

O ka holo ana, i ka manawa e ho'āʻo i kona pähola no kekahi ekolu mahina, ua uuku loa, akā, Alfonso laki. He ia e hōʻike i ka liʻiliʻi loa i kekahi karaima ike i i na i loko o kona luna 'waihona Aha Kuhina. Keia ke ano o ia pono i hana i ka hewa i hewa no na mahina ekolu a me kaʻikepili Bertillon e kali ana e ka mākaʻi.

I ka olioli nui o Alphonsus i ka pepa, a hiki i ka 80-lā hookolokolo ana au i kēia hihia, ma hope iho o kona manao. He ua hiki e hoao i kona kumumanaʻo, a ua koke hoonohoia ka luna hoʻokele o ka Palani makai, hana 'ike. A laila, ua he kiʻekiʻe-Profile hihia "Ravachol", a lawe aku la kona kaulana,ʻaʻole wale nō i loko o Farani, akā, maʻEulopa. forensic'ōnaehana kapaia he ano akamai, aʻo ia iā ia iho i noʻonoʻo he aupuni meʻe. Eia naʻe, "hoomaikai" i ka hikiwawe weliweli o kona mau subordinates inaina. Akā, ka mea, ua Alphonse Bertillon!

Fingerprinting, a i invented hope, i ike ia e hou pololei, a wale ma hope o kona hoike bertilonazh'ōnaehana emi ana i loko o ke kāʻei kua.

Alphonse Bertillon: Book

I ka 1893, Alfonso Ua paʻiʻia ia e pōmaikaʻi ai no forensicʻepekema, a kapa aku la ia i ka "Instruction ma ka hōʻikeʻana nenoai". Ka mea kākauʻia ma loko o laila blueprints mau hana a ka poe pono iloko o ke ao, e like me ka pono me ka Nails, ma ka i ana 'ana i kūpono o ke kino wahi i ike.

Ua hoʻi i nā lula no ka makai, Kakau, pehea ia mea e pono ai, e hoʻopiha i loko o ka palapala ninaninau. Incidentally, i keia manawa i invented e A. Bertillon signaliticheskoy i hoʻopaʻa 'ia papa hana e like me ia i ka lawehala i paʻi kiʻi pū i ka hoʻohana' ana i ka kūikawā pahupaʻiwikiō metric i loko o 3 'ano apau loa. I pili, frontal (1/7 o ka palapala nui) a me ka piha-lōʻihi (1/20 nat. loina). Kēia mau kiʻi no hoi ia ia e pili ana i kaʻaoʻao pili ana o kanaka, hookahi hana i ka hewa, a loaa i kekahi e kali ana papa inoa Bertillon.