Ammonia wai: loaa, haʻilula ana

Colorless kinoea me ka pahi ala, ammonia NH ₃ mea ole wale hooholo koke wailana i loko o ka wai me ka evolution o ka wela. ʻeleu waiwai reacts me na nā lātoma o ka H ₂ O e hana i ka nawaliwali mekala 'åkilikai. Ua loaa ke kākoʻo pāʻoihana mau inoa, i kekahi o ia mau mea - ammonia wai. Ka hui i kahaha ko oukou naau waiwai, i mea ma ke kaʻina hana o ka ho okumu, haku mele 'ana a me ka Nine Inch reactions.

'amoniuma ion ho okumu

Haʻilula ammonia wai - NH ₄ OH. I ka haku mele 'ana o ka mea i keia cation NH _{4 ^+,} a ua hana nonmetals - naikokene a me ka hydrogen. N nā'ātoma ma ka ammonia lātoma ua hoʻohana 'ia e lilo covalent linkages o ka Polar wale 3 mai o ka 5 o ka waho electrons, a me kekahi mau noho unclaimed. Ka ikaika polarized wai lātoma hydrogen protons H ⁺ loosely nakinaki aku la ia me ka oxygen, kekahi o ia i kekahi mau pou lone huina'ine paʻa o ka naikokene (acceptor).

I hana i'amoniuma ion me ka maikaʻi kauoha, a me ka kūikawā 'ano o ka nawaliwali covalent paʻa - mau pou-acceptor. No kona nui, ka uku ole, a me kekahi'ē aʻe hiʻona e kohu ai ka potasiuma cation, a hoi e like ka mekala 'åkilikai metala. Hana i ka olelo o ka Nine Inch hui reacts me nāʻakika ho okumu i paʻakai i ka nui mea hiki nui. Inoa, a noonoo i nā 'ano a me ka waiwai o ka mea:

• ammonia ka wai;
• 'amoniuma hydroxide;
• ammonia hydrate;
• caustic ammonia.

precautionary ana

pono e lawe mālama hana me ka ammonia a me kona nā mea loaʻa ka wā. He nui ke malama ma ka naau:

1. Ammonia wai mai i kaʻawaʻawa loa ala. Ka pakele kinoea nāuki mai ka nasal mucosal ili o ka maka, ma o na la me ka puʻu.
2. I ka ho'āhu ammonia i loko o ka loosely paʻa hue, ampoules hookuu ammonia.
3. Ua hiki ke 'akomi i ole mea, wale ma ka honi a he uuku ka nui o ke kinoea i loko o pāʻoihana a me ka lewa.
4. Ka lākiō ma waena o nā nā lātoma a me cations loli aʻe ma kekahi pH i loko o ka pāʻoihana.
5. Me ka waiwai o ka pili ana i 7 emi i ka lehulehu o kaʻawahia kinoea NH ₃ ua mahuahua dala emi nā palapala i ola meaola cations NH ₄ ⁺

Makaukau o'amoniuma hydroxide. physical waiwai

I ka mea hoʻoheheʻe i loko o ka wai, i ka ammonia hanaia ammonia wai. Haʻilula o ka waiwai - NH ₄ OH, akā, ma ka mea nā Ion, ua ike

NH ₄ ^+, OH ^-, nā lātoma o NH ₃ a me H ₂ O. ka ion mail Nine Inch naoh ma waena o ammonia a me ka wai, he equilibrium moku'āina. Ke kaʻina hana hiki e lewa ma ke kaapuni, ma a ka oppositely kuhikuhi pua hōʻike i ka reversibility o kaʻike manaʻo.

I ke keʻena hoʻokolohua makaukau o ka ammonia wai, ua lawe mai i ka ho okolohua me ka naikokene-i loaʻa i huiʻia. I ka wa i hui pūʻia me ka ammonia ka wai, e haawi aku i ka maopopo colorless wai. Ma kiʻekiʻe a paÿa i ka solubility o ke kinoea, piʻi pū. Wai hou e hoouna ia ka pono ma loko o laila ammonia i kiekie ae ana wela. No ka hanalima hana a me ka mahiʻai ma luna o ka hanalima me ka unahiʻole, e haawi 25 pakeneka waiwai ia mea hoʻoheheʻe ammonia. Ka lua o ka papa hana hoʻohana i ka naoh o Coke umu kinoea me ka wai.

Ke Nine Inch waiwai o ka'amoniuma hydroxide

i uhiʻia keʻokeʻo uahi na newa - I ka ka hoʻomaopopoʻana i ka mau ke kinowai - ammonia ka wai a me ka hydrochloricʻakika. Ua he o (particles) o ka naoh huahana -'amoniuma koloriside. Me ia he yiaeaiiacaaeneiie waiwai e like me hydrochloricʻakika, ka naoh i wahi 'ana i loko o ka lewa.

Low-mekala 'åkilikai'amoniuma hydroxide Nine Inch ka waiwai:

1. Ka waiwai reversibly dissociates i loko o ka wai, e lilo i'amoniuma cation, a me ka hydroxide ion.
2. Ma ke alo o NH ₄ ⁺ ion, ka colorless pāʻoihana phenolphthalein make iho la ma ka magenta ano like ma ka alkalis.
3. Nine neutralization me kaʻakika i nā hualoaʻa ma ka kahua o ka'amoniuma paʻakai a me ka wai: NH ₄ OH + HCl = NH ₄ Cl + H ₂ O.
4. Ammonia ka wai i loko o ka ion mail naoh me ka metala paʻakai, a hoʻopili like ai i ka nawaliwali kumu, ma ia ho okumu i ka wai-insoluble hydroxide: 2NH ₄ OH + CuCl ₂ = 2NH ₄ Cl + cu (OH) ₂ (uliuli _{precipitate).}

Ammonia wai: palapala noi i mau nāʻoihana o ka hoʻokele waiwai

Hana waiwai ua hoʻomano hoʻohana 'ia ma ka maʻamau o ke ola, mahiʻai, lapaʻau a me ka hana. Kōmike hydrate ammonia hoʻohana ma ka mahiʻai, soda lehu, make a me nā huahana. Ma ke kinowai mea hoʻomomona he naikokene i ka mea kanu hoopuni digestible palapala. I ka waiwai ua manaoia e ia i ka makepono loa mana no inclusion i loko o ka mālama '-wā no nā mea a pau meakanu a me ka.

No ka mea? Iecaianoaaiiie o ka ammonia wai ka luku ekolu emi dala ma mua ma luna o ke kahe o ka puaʻa hiwa paʻa granular naikokene mea hoʻomomona. No ka pūnaewele a me ka halihali o ka wai a noi hermetically paʻa poʻina nalu i ke kila. Kekahi ano o ka pena a me na mea paahana no ka lauoho Hekikai hua mai la i ka hoʻohana 'ana'amoniuma hydroxide. Ma kēlā me kēia 'inikua kula hoomakaukau mea me ka ammonia - 10-pakeneka ammonia pāʻoihana.

'amoniuma paʻakai: ka waiwai a me ka mea hiki nui

Waiwai a i hoomakaukau ai ma ka reacting'amoniuma hydroxide me nāʻakika, e hoʻohana 'ia ma ka pāʻoihana hana. Paʻakai decompose ka wā enaena, hoike mai i loko o ka wai, malalo e hydrolysis. Ka mea, komo i loko o Nine Inch naoh me alkalis a me nā waiwai. Ka loa nui mea hiki cia loaa chlorides, nitrates, sulfates, phosphates, a me ka 'amoniuma kalepona.

He nui no ka hahai i nā rula a me ka maluhia ana, hana me ka waiwai, i ua haku o ka'amoniuma ion. I ka waiho waho ma aee, a kalepa mahiʻai poʻe, aina pono e hui 'ana o kēia mau i huiʻia me ka alkalis a me ka Lime. Inā leakproof pūʻolo helu i hoʻomaka i ka Nine Inch naoh me ke kala o kaʻawahia kinoea. Kekahi mea, e hana me ka ammonia ka wai a me ka paʻakai a pau, e ike i ke kumu o ke o kemika. I kaʻaeʻana a me ka maluhia koi o nā pono hana,ʻaʻole e hanaʻino i kanaka a me ke kaiapuni hoʻohana.