Animals Vertebrates: na hoailona, ​​o ka oi aku i na hoailona

I ka Honua ua noho ma ke ākeaʻano o nā manu, na holoholona, ka iʻa, na rana, nahesa, crocodiles, i kahi hookahi hana he hookahi pūʻulu - vertebrates.

No ke aha la hana holoholona - vertebrates?

A pau e noho ana, he poe i ka vertebral iwi a cartilage iwi i loko o ke kino. No ka mea, na holoholona a me ka poe i kaheaia vertebrates, i ke kumu o ka iwi holoʻokoʻa loa he mea'ē aʻe ma mua o ka vertebral kolamu, oia hoi o ka iwi a me ka iwi. A wale nō i loko o ka lalo pepa he mea heʻano o kāna mau 'ōlelo anuanu kapaʻia he chord.

Hiʻona o vertebrates i me he mea la i ka kēia mau hiʻona. Loko o ka spinal kolamu o ka spinalʻaha,ʻo ia, a me ka lolo aia i loko o ka puniu wale no o ka Central ko mākou hopohopo nenoaiu. He typical o ka vertebrate.

Aia mau ano hoailona o vertebrates. Keia mau hui o nā wāwae, haloʻole, tines, eheu (nuku), a hiki i kekahi manawa e underdeveloped. Ma ka hoailona i hoonohonoho ia ma pūʻulu a pau o nā holoholona?

Vertebrates a me kā lākou mau mahele i loko o nā papa

Loa okoa ma ka 'ole, a me ka nānā aku, ua maheleia vertebrates i elima papa: iʻa, amphibians, mea kolo, a me nā manu mammals.

Classes o vertebrates ka mea, i kona manao ana iho. O ka papa, me nā holoholona a pau i loa like, akā, ka mea hoi i like hiʻona. I ka ha mea a pau omoʻia o oxygen, a exhaled o carbon dioxide.

No hoi, ka mea, a pau ai, noho ka mahuaola e ulu, e like nā mea a pau e ola ana, a me ka hoʻomōhala. Ka mea, pane koke i stimuli o ke kaiapuni. Oia ka hiʻona o ka hapa nui o na holoholona pili i ke alo o ka'emi'ōnaehana a me ka sensory nā loko e like me na maka a me ka pepeiao.

Eia hou, ka mea hoonui, a, no laila, hiki ke paʻi ana ia lakou iho. Ka hapanui o ka poeikohoia o ka loa o nā papa a pau i nui ola kanaka o loko.

It E e kaulana i loko o vertebrates loaʻa nā mea a pau i ka mau holoholona no mākou. Kēia bipi wahine, hipa, lio, moa, ilio, puaʻa, nā pōpoki, etc. Ae, a me ka lawaiʻa holoholona hihiu - Ua hoi he vertebrate: .... 'Olu,ʻalopeke, ka iʻa, Duck, etc. o ia i pests: hamsters, squirrels , voles.

E ike pehea okoa vertebrates.

iʻa

A puni mākou muliwai, loko, moana a me ka moana i noho ma ka iʻa. Ka mea, i kā lākou mau mall hiʻona a me adaptability i noho ma ka wai hana kūpono.

Au pono aku nei au i ka iʻa - keia wai vertebrates. i uhi ka hapa nui o ka ia me ka unahi. Ka mea, e mai i ka ikaika kino mahana, oiai ka mea, e mau wale hanu halo o mua, a i wehe 'ia mai ka wai, ia ka pono o oxygen, a paka, pakahi, o carbon dioxide. ka mea, i Heart bicameral, akā, e loaʻa wale hoʻokahi holo.

Ma ka neʻeʻana o ka iʻa kino mea pono e lawe haloʻole. Ma nā vertebrates, ka mea, i ka ia i ka lala. Eia hou kekahi, he mea no hoi i ka unpaired haloʻole, a i aia ma ke kino. Loa? Ac? Lākou huelo. Interestingly, ka iʻa i ke ano hui, e like me kaʻaoʻao laina. Aia mea no ka hapanui o keia pae ana o vertebrates au bladder.

Fish i kānaka i ka nui oicyenoaaiiie nui. Ma waho o ka loa pono keia mau mea ka ai, mai ka ia aila ua loaa ia ia, i ua mai o ke akepaʻa o'iʻa. Aloha a me ka waiwai caviar mai mai ka sturgeon. He nui hou waiwai huahana kekahi kanaka i loaʻa mai o ka iʻa, akā, no ka mea, e pono e mālama ana i ka maluhia o ka iʻa laau a me ka hoonui ia.

I ke ao nei e paa ana i ka nui hana ma luna o ka iʻa mahiai.

Fish spawn he lawa helu o nā hua paha, akā, na fry, mai kona 'āina huli mai mea uuku. No ka laʻana, hoʻokahi wale pakeneka o ka chum Salemona fry hele mai ana mai loko mai o nā mea a pau caviar. A hoomaka ae la kanaka e hana me ka piha i ka lūmaua fertilization o ka hua, a haawi mai i ka nui helu o ke keiki kakou nana. Nā fry i hoʻomohala ma lalo o ka hooponopono ana o ka lūmaua, a laila, i ka i kailiia aku hua mai la i loko o ka kūlohelohe kaianoho koholā. O ka holo ana, o ka loa hanohano mai? Aneii sturgeon a me ka Salemona.

mea kolo a pau

ʻO wai i na mea kolo holoholona? Papa inoa ia o kona kulana nui a me ka nohona. Ka inoa o keia papa ua ai no ka mea, o ka mea i kona Poeikohoia, neʻe maila ma luna o ka honua, kauo i kona kino, me ina he aniuea. Eia nolaila ka inoa.

He aha kanaka i komo i loko o ka papa o ka mea kolo holoholona? Ka papa ka loa like:

1. Hana o ua moo.
2. Nahesa.
3. Crocodiles.
4. Manu kuhukukū.
5. Dinosaurs.

Ka hapanui o pinepine mākou ke halawai pu ma ke ano moo. E nā mea kolo a me nā nahesa, aole ka mea, oko loa mai ka hana o ua moo, nae, i ka like 'ole maloko.

Ka hapa nui o keia ano e pono i kānaka. Moo, no ka laʻana, e luku nā palapala nā mea kolo, nahesa - rodents i mea pōʻino i ka ulu.

Eia naʻe, loaʻa nō kekahi? Ueo i mea i aloha nā palapala. No pilikia i kānaka make nahesa.

Ka papa nā mea kolo anu-koko vertebrates. e uhi i ko lakou mau kino me ka papa. Ka mea, hanu ka lewa ea me ka hoʻohana 'ia maʻiʻaʻai. He nui na mea kolo a pau o ka aina ola. Akā, i ka poe i hakuloli e noho i loko o ka wai (crocodiles, kuhukukū), hoʻonui ma ka like me ke koena o ka papa, ka hoomoe ana i loko o ka one ma ka aina hua. A me ka mea mai nei i kā lākou poʻe kūpuna, he nō pae holoholona.

Ka muli o nā mea kolo ua aie i ka huliau e i hanaia ma ka pau 'ana o ke au kahiko. He lilo nui maloo, i alakai aku ai i ka emi ana o na waikahe he nui, huli i waonahele no hoi ia. Pau kēia mau loli i alakai aku ai i ka mea e, ma hope o hele kekahi kuʻina o? Acaeoey, ka mua mea kolo.

I mau, mea kolo - keia mea i ka mua papa o ka honua amphibians. Ka mea, i laila, e hookeai-mālieʻana, i koke hoomaka ae la e Kīwala'ō a hoomalumalu mai ana ia amphibians.

Pakahi aku la ia kokololio ulu ke kahua, he mau mea kolo ma ka waena makahiki. Ua ua i ia manawa i ka dinosaurs (kolo) he kilakila Ana. Ka mea, i noho ai nā ma luna o ka'āina, a ma ka lewa, a ma ka wai. Ka wāwahie wailua o ia mau mea hana hoihoi, no ka mea, mai o ia mau mea i loko o ka wā e hiki mai kekahi manu a me mammals.

aeaa

Ua hakuloli Amphibians i ke ola ma ka aina, kuai i ka helu o nā hiʻona i maopopo ia mai i ka iʻa. E noonoo pono i ka 'ole o keia ano o ka vertebrates a me kā lākouʻaoʻao o ke ola, ka mea i pono, e kālele ana ma luna o na rana, a toads. Ka mea, ua nui loa pono no kanaka, no kaʻai nui nā palapala nā mea kolo, a pela kōkua i loko o ke kaua e kū'ē i pests. Ka mea, i hui pu ia ma ka pūʻulu tailless amphibians. ka mea, ua loaa ia no ka mea, o ka nele o ka huelo keia inoa. I ko makou mau muliwai, a ic ?? hiki ke loaʻa a me ka 'ē amphibians e pili ana i ka caudate pae. He like newt.

Ma ka papa o amphibians he toads, rana, newts a me nā holoholona - vertebrates i keia manawa, e noho ana ma luna o ka'āina, aʻaʻole makemake iʻa - i loko o ka wai, akā, i ko lākou kaianoho koholā ua no nui pili loa ua hoʻopili i ka wai, no ka mea, i ka'ōlelo a me ka hoʻomohala kaʻina i wahi i loko o laila.

ua uhiia amphibians kino ma kaʻili, akā, loa slimy. Lala i elima manamana. Nā mākua hanu ma ko lakou ili, a ia maʻiʻaʻai, akā, i ka larvae e halo o mua hanu. Ke hua mai i i kekahi maluhia, a no ia mea, wae wai 'ia no ko lakou ulu ana. keiki ma hope loaʻa iā ia kekahi o ka halo o mua, no ka mea, na tadpoles liilii ola a me ka hānai i loko o ka wai. Hope i loko o ka ulu ana kaʻina hana ka mea, he malamalama a me nā wāwae, haawi makua kanaka i ka manawa e neʻe ma luna o ka'āina. Amphibians mai i ike pehea i ka mama, ka mea, ke ale wale iho i kaʻai a pau.

Kēia papa pili i kekahi pūʻulu - legless amphibians (caecilians).

mammals

Vertebrates mammals wehewehe aku ma ka loaa i ka mea pono. Young holoholona a pau a hiki i kēia hui e hanaiia me ka waiū. Nolaila i ka inoa o ka papa.

Mammals, aia nō he nui helu o? Ueo. Iwaena o lakou i na simplest holoholona, a me ka mea lahaʻole: bipi, ilio, hae, alopeke, tiga, giraffe, liona. Ke kaʻina hana o ka evolution i loa mammals loli. A me keia mea, o ka loa e like me ka ano o na holoholona a pau. A pau ma muli o ia ka mea e e hiki i ke hakuloli i kekahiʻano o? Aneie olelo lala o keia papa. vertebrate pūʻulu o keia ano e noho ana a pau ma luna o ka poepoe honua.

It E e kaulana i mammals i loko o kā lākou 'ole - o ka loa i aloha ulu holoholona. Typical hanohano nō hoʻi nā hiʻona o mammals i ke poo, mahana-koko, eha-o ke keʻena o ka naʻau, a me ka papa, i ka kūikawā 'ole o ka lolo.

Nā kūpuna o nā mammals ua noʻonoʻo kahiko mea kolo. Kekahi kēia holoholona a me kēia manawa, aia mea he luku mai ano no ka hope. Ke kumu nui hiʻona o mammals a me nā mea kolo o ka hoailona 'ole o ka iwi.

It E e kaulana ia mammals i ka hou e hoʻomōhala ana i lolo. A i hāʻawi mai kekahi me ka mea kupaianaha nā mea hiki, e like me Dolphin a me primates. na lala a pau o keia ano, e hoʻoneʻe i ka lala i loaʻa manamanalima.

Mahele ana i loko o nā pūʻulu o mammals

Ma mau, keia pae nō ma kahi o 4200? Ueo. Ka mea, ua nui loa okoa i ka nānā aku a me ka hana a pau. holoholona kekahi mea uuku loa, ka mea hiki ke olelo mai, he moku, oiai kekahi poe - pono ke kanaka nunui. A aole nae lakou e ola nei, a KamakawiwoʻOle pono, kekahi, nae, nō ma luna o ka verge o ia'na, akā, nui ka hewa o kanaka haʻawina.

Ma mau, a pau mammals, ke kaumaha ma muli pehea e paʻi i ko lakou hua, e mahele ia i ekolu pūʻulu: placental, marsupials a me cloacal. It E e kaulana i kekahi kanaka kēia manaʻoi i ka placental pae. Ka loa hana holoholona - he cloacal. Ka mea, kau mai i ko lakou mau hua no nā'ōlelo, a laila, e hoʻomoe.

Akā, marsupials paʻiʻiliahi opiopio, a pau i ke kaʻina hana o ka ulu i loko o kona eke. Akā, me placental holoholona, ka mea i hanau maopopo hana. Kēia pūʻulu o ka loa nui na poe.

manu

Ma ka ulu lāʻau, na kula, ma ka nui Kauhalenui wahi, ma luna o nā manuʻaiʻia aina,ʻaʻohe mea i kahi a makou i noho i kekahi manawa o ka makahiki, i nā mea a pauʻalo mākou me nā manu. Ka mea, i he nui loa aneiai mea nui iā mākou. Pehea ka nui o ka ai i hāʻawiʻia mākou wale nō nā manuʻaiʻia! He paʻakikī e noonoo ai i na mākou ola ole ia. A ina mea o ka hoihoi ana i kānaka i nā manu, ia ke kumu no ia e hana i ka mahele.

Ka a pau papa o nā manu hiki ke maheleia i na kēia mau pūʻulu: ostrich, typical manu, penguins.

Ostrichʻano nui e noho ana ma South America, Australia a me Africa. keia pae o ka manu hiki ole lele, ko lākou mau'ēheu i ole e pono no ia mea, akā, ua pono e holo aku ka mea, a me ka hiki ana o ka wikiwiki i ke kanahiku kilomika no hora.

No ka penguins nā he umikumamahiku? Ueo. Manu o keia? Ueo mea, aole i waiwai nona. Ka mea, i ike okoa mai lālā 'ē aʻe o kēia papa. Ua uhiia ke kino holoʻokoʻa me ia'ā'ī hulu. Nā forelimbs mea i nā'ēheu,ʻaʻole haloʻole. A ma lalo (hope) lala i webbed. Hoʻoneʻe i nā penguins ma ka laloʻaoʻao, kokua i ka huelo iho.

Ai oukou i na manu i loko o ke kai, no ka mea, ua maikai loa 'auʻau. Aia ka mea, hiki paka i ko lakou mau ia liilii, crustaceans, mollusks. Ka mea, neʻe aku i loko o ke kai a me ke kōkua o nā haloʻole, eheu, a me nā wāwae i kōmike hoʻokele noonoo.

ʻOiai penguins a me nā manu, akā, ka hapanui o ka manawa e pana aku au i loko o ka wai. Ia mea ke kumu e haawi aku i ka kekahi pena, me ka meaola holoholona. I ka wai penguins ke hiki i ka mämä holo o ka oi aku mamua o kanakolu kilomika no hora.

Ka mea nui wale Luna o keia pae o ka Auguseto penguin. Kona kiʻekiʻe kīnā hoʻokahi haneri a me ka iwakālua kenimika, a me ke kaupaonaʻana mai i kanaha-kumamalima kilograms. Emperor penguins Ole hua. I ka mea ia manawa, me ka rula, ka mea, hōʻike wale nō hoʻokahi chick.

typical manu

Ke kolu o ka papa o ke kahua hoʻonohonohoʻana pae o ka manu - typical manu. A laila, ua holo nōhie lele? Ueo. Ka mea, e hoʻi mai kēlā wahi hakuloli no ka holo. Ia, he pono ole manu nā hualoaʻa a. I ka Ia manawa e neʻe i. A ka mea hana i ka hoouka kaua ana o ke anu manawa, i ka wa a na manu e imi ana no ka pono wahi no ka hooilo, a hele mai hoʻi i ka hale me ke ana o ka luawai. Kekahi lala o keia pae e no ka hooilo, a mai lele, akā, ka mea e i mau kahu ai, e ola i ke anu,ʻaʻole ka mea, i anuanu plumage.

Invertebrates o ko mākou honua

E like me ka makou i olelo luna, ma laila nā holoholona a me nā vertebrates invertebrates ma laila.

No laila, invertebrates wehewehe aku ma ka Nohie 'ole. O nā pūpū, pāpaʻi, nā mea kolo, punawelewele. Ma keia kahua, ka mea, ua ikeia e ke kanaka oi ma mua o kekahi miliona okoa? Ueo o invertebrates.

It E e kaulana i na mea he nui o na invertebrates meaʻano nui parasites a vertebrates a mea kanu. Na holoholona i māhele 'ano kōā kaulike ma ka honua.

Mau holoholona, ua nui loa no ka biosphere. Hoopaakiki iho i koe o ka kahiko invertebrates i noho i loko o prehistoric manawa, e noho ana i loko o kekahi 'ā ina me ka ho okumu. Ka huakaʻi i mea no na kanaka. He nui o kēia kanaka eʻai ai, ma ka hou, ka mea, e hoʻohana iʻai no ka hanalima holoholona. A ua lōʻihi lilo kekahi kanaka invertebrates hoʻohana ma ka pest ana.

I mau, vertebrates a me invertebrates hana i ko lakou mau oihana i loko o ka biosphere. i mea nui i kānaka a pau o ia mau mea.

Me nā 'ano o nā vertebrates a me invertebrates

Olelo ana o ka vertebrate a me invertebrate holoholona, ka mea e e kaulana ia ka mea, i ka helu o ke kiʻiona hiʻona.

No laila, vertebrates, e like me mākou i mai la, i ka na pokou paha cartilaginous koʻokoʻo, i ua ole mālama i loko o invertebrates. Eia hou, i ka spinalʻaha ua hōʻike i loko o ka palapala o ka Tube, a me ka lolo i elima oihana. Ma ke kaʻina hana o ka hanu nā komo ai vertebrate halo o mua, maʻiʻaʻai, ili. Aia ka he mau-keʻena, ekolu-keʻena paha eha-o ke keʻena o ka naʻau, a me ka circulatory nenoaia mea he paʻa 'ole. Ke hoohalike nā loko i aia ma luna o ke poʻo. Mana mea ku pono ana i ka hoʻohana 'ana i nā ā.

Like no na invertebrates, ka mea maoli i ka nui aku Nohie 'ole. Kūloko iwi ka mea, i, a me ka ua'emi nenoaia eiaao he knottyʻano o circulatory'ōnaehana ua i paa. Heart ma invertebrates hiki e kekahi hookahi-keʻena a nunui-keʻena. Ke hoohalike nā loko i loaʻa ma ke kino.

kahi o ka epilogue

nā hiʻona a pau o ka 'ole o ka vertebrate hiki ai ia lakou e alakai i kaʻeleu ola. Ie vertebrates e pono hoʻoneʻe a puni, a me ia mea nui, e huli i kaʻai. Kēia, ma ka huli, propelled ia a hiki i ke alo o ke kaʻina hana o ka evolution. A nui oi aku o ke ola, ka mea hiki, e pale aku i na enemi o i hōʻoiaʻiʻo aku i na holoholona i resettlement nā hualoaʻa a.

Schoolchildren e maopopo i ka 'ole a me nā nuances o ke ola vertebrate kokua i ka poe i kekahi kumuhana e like kālaimeaola. Vertebrate holoholona i aʻo i loko o ka walu o ka papa. Kēia theme like kōkua e maopopo i nā kānāwai o ka evolutionary kaʻina hana, ae hōʻike ana i laʻana o ka poʻe e ola ana mea i ua Hawaiʻi mai ka simplest a hiki i ka lahui i hoʻonohonoho 'meaola.

Me he'āina nō o ka loli a me ka loli ', ua hiki vertebrates i ka nui o ka? Acaeoey e leie aku ia, e alakai i ka' anoʻeleu Aloha Hawaii, paka i ko lakou mau ai, pale aku i na enemi o, kona wā keiki kakou nana.