News, a Society, Journalism
Ano he kumu hoʻohālike Pahuhopu 'ike a me ka biased
Information mea a pau a puni mākou. Ua Ua hōʻike ma nā 'ano apau loa, obtainable mai keʻano o nā kumu, a me ka lawelawe' ana i keʻano o nā mea i manao ai. Information mail mea pono e hoʻonaʻauao i ka lehulehu a me ka hooponopono. Information like nui i ke keʻena o ke kālā no ke ola i kekahi waiwai i emi iho ia qualitatively. I kŰia mau mea hilinaʻi ma luna o kekahi mau aʻe, a kau i nā nā papaha o kona hoʻohana.
I ka pilina o ka walaʻauʻana waiwai o ka 'ike
Mahalo i ka wehe aʻe o ka 'ike ua lawe mai i ka holomua functioning o ka lehulehu e pili ana: ike ua loaa, waiho waho, a haawi i waena o nā lālā hoʻi o ke kaiāulu, a me ka lawe wahi i loko o ka hooponopono ana o nā pilina hale. Eia naʻe,ʻo ka hoʻokō 'ana o ka' ike mea hiki ole me ka naauao o kona waiwai, a me ka hiki i ka hana ia.
Kupono auhau o ka hoʻopā aiʻikepili mea maopopo nui i ka hooponopono, a me ka wahi, i hiki o ka olelo hooholo-ana. Aʻole hewa ke alakai i ke kanaka-i au i na ino a me ka pilina Naita me ia. Nolaila, ma keia wahi ia mea nui e differentiate a pono hoʻohana i ka waiwai ike. Ka mea, e hōʻike mai iā ia i loko o ka papaʻaina.
| objectivity | subjectivity |
| mea i piha | na hemahema |
| pono | Ke unreliability (falseness) |
| topicality | Irrelevance (OOAOAaXUEIE 'ike) |
| Ke adequacy o (kaʻaeʻana Pahuhopu) | inadequacy |
| loaʻa nui | inaccessibility |
Ke Kula Kaiapuni 'waiwai' ike i loko o kekahi mau hihia ano a me ka hoʻokō kekahi i kekahi, akā, i kēia 'aʻole i manaʻo i ka piha e like therebetween. pono e hiki ke maopopo ma waena o seemingly like waiwai ka wā i loko o ke alo o oe examples o pāʻewaʻole 'ike a me ka kūpono, ike loea a me nā Pahuhopu, a no laila, ma luna o oe. D.
No ka mea, he nui no na waiwai ua hoʻopili, i kekahi manawa, i kekahi ke compensate no ka insufficiency ma ka hoʻohana 'ana i kekahi redundancy.
'Ike a me ka Pahele
Ma ia pōʻaiapili, hoomaopopo Pahuhopu a me ka biased ike. Objectivity o ka 'ike Hōʻike', a hiki i kēia 'ike ua correlated me ka lanakila.
Ke ike maopopo - i ka mea a pau e koe ma ke ano maoli, ka nānā 'ana i ka makemake a me ka makemake. No ka laʻana, ma ka Middle Ages, ka hapanui kanaka i makemake e manaoio i ka honua mea palahalaha. Eia naʻe,ʻaʻole makemake Malia paha nā paʻi hua,ʻaʻole hoʻi i ka makemake o ka Ekalesia a pau-mana hiki ole hoopau objectively na mea i ka honua i ka loa okoa, ua nui aku kona luna 'palapala.
Pela, ke ike mea biased, e like me ka lewa i loko o ke kanaka, ike paka , a undergoes loli o ka loli iki ana degere. Mau loli hilinaʻi ma luna o ka mau kanaka: ka hoʻonaʻauao, ola ka hoao ana, ka manaʻoʻike ano o ke kanaka.
He aha ke ano o "Pahuhopu 'ike"?
Pahuhopu 'ike hiki wale ke kapaʻia kekahi mea Hōʻike' ke kiʻi oiaio o ka ike maopopo, nānā 'ole o kekahi ka pilikino manao a me ka loiloi.
No ke aha la i kanaka i ka mea i pono ai? Ka mea mea mea ma keia kahua o ka? Acaeoey o ke kanaka, aole e haawi ia ka pololei kiʻi o ko ke ao nei e like me ka loa Pahuhopu ikepili. He mea no hoi e pono ai i loko o ke kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao, a me ka hooponopono. Inā he mea ole objectivity, i ike hiki ole e noʻonoʻo 'epekema, a me ka hooponopono hiki ole e hoʻokō.
Pehea e loaa Pahuhopu ike? No keia mea, ka pomaikai a me kā mākou e neʻe mea, nā mea e loaʻa ka mea nalo, a me ke ana i na mea maalea. I ka wa e hele mai i ka 'epekema ka' ike, ka mea i pono ia ia mea reproducible. Ma lalo o repeatability ma ka 'epekema pili ana i ka manawa kūpono e kiʻi i ka naauao hookahi me na wahi e ae, a me nā kani. Inā i ka hopena o ka 'epekema noiʻi i reproducible, i manaoia kēia mau' ike e e Pahuhopu. Ma keia ana, ke kālaikūlohea,ʻike manaʻo a me ka kilohōkū - ka Pahuhopu o ka 'epekema a me ka spirituality, parapsychology a me ka astrology -ʻaʻohe.
Ano he kumu hoʻohālike Pahuhopu 'ike
E like me kēia mau examples e e noiʻiʻikepili, hoike ana o ka pomaikai o lako a pan. Pakahi aku la ia akaka kiʻi o ka 'ike i examples o Pahuhopu a me ka biased, waihoʻaoʻao ma kaʻaoʻao no ka nane. "Ma ke alanui wela" - biased 'ike, i mea he waiwai hoopai o kekahi kanaka. I ka Ia manawa, i ka 'ike "ma ke alanui +20 C» hiki ke noʻonoʻo Pahuhopu, mahope mai o kona loaa ana i hoʻohana mika - ana wela. Oia examples i hōʻike i loko o ka papaʻaina ma lalo nei.
| biased 'ike | Pahuhopu 'ike |
| Mountain haʻahaʻa. | mauna kiʻekiʻe o 1300 mau mika. |
| Ka berena nike. | A o ka popo berena na koina 20 rubles. |
| Pua nänä mai. | I ka helu o ka hili pua: 8 mai o 10. |
| Kēia mea hana keaka - ka loa nani. | Kēia mea hana keaka Ua hooholoia ka loa nani heluhelu o N. |
Penei, pilikino ike hāpai me ia i hehee ai o ka auhau ana, oiai ka Pahuhopu wale ai ia mau moʻolelo i ka mea e ola ana ma ka honua maoli. He mea hiki i ka mana i ke degere o ka objectivity, i kahaki examples o ka 'ike i haawiia mai ma luna. Pahuhopu a me ka 'ole-Pahuhopu hiki e kekahi huapalapala o aeaiiuo. Ua pau hilinaʻi nui ma luna pehea pono ka mea, kai aku i kā lākou nā wahi a pehea uuku kalele iho ma luna o kekahi mau pilikino manao a me na kuko.
He aha keakea, i objectivity
I loko nō o ka nui o ia waiwai 'ike, Pahuhopu ke keʻena aneane loa attainable i 100%. O ke kumu ho i ka pālua ano o kekahi 'ike. Ma ka kekahi lima, ike ole, a ua waiho ia ma ka hōkeoʻikepili, i loko o lākou iho i nā a me ka Pahuhopu. Akā, ma ka kekahi lima, ma ka EYI o ka 'ike me ka hoʻohana' ike hana okoa, a ma ko lakou ano pilikino, e like me ka mea i pili pololei i na kumu a me nā mea kūʻai mai o ka 'ike. Penei, i ke kaʻina hana 'ike - mea he kaulua, hanana, a me aaeaao ka kūpono' ike e i kaʻokoʻaʻano o ka objectivity, ke kaumaha ma muli o ka prevalence o kekahi o nā eiiiiiaiou:ʻikepili a me epekema.
Pehea e hoʻoikaika i ka objectivity o ka 'ike?
I ka papa kuhikuhiE papa hana ua manaoia, e hoomahuahua i ka completeness o ka 'ike. Ua mea i keia mea i ke jure o makakū a me ka haʻuki Competition, hookolokolo papa a me ka jure. Ka oi kuokoa arbiters, i ua hoʻopili i kekahi i kekahi ma ka 'ike nā loulou, ka objectivity kiʻekiʻe o ka' ike - i loko o keia hihia,ʻai a me verdict.
No hoi, no ka ike, o ka loa e kokoke ana i ka ike maopopo, he mea pono e hoʻohana Pahuhopu ike kumu. Inā e kamailio e pili ana i ka noiʻi, koho E e hāʻawiʻia i nā hualoaʻa, a i hoopaaia ma kekahi mau kānakaʻepekema. Inā keia memo o ka Media, ka mea i mua pono e 'imi i ka palapala kumu o ka' ike, a me ka eʻoiaʻiʻo ana na ia mea i mālama ai i nā paʻi puke, e hoohalike. Psychologists Ua kuapo i ka pono o ka kikokikona i ka wikiō: Ka Heluhelu maikaʻi hoola ana i ka hiki i ka ono o loi e, i mea he nui koʻi no ka loaa ana Pahuhopu ikepili.
I ka wā o ka Pahuhopu ua ole i nele i
Ke ano he kumu hoʻohālike o ka Pahuhopu 'ike i alakai i kekahi i ka manaʻo i ke kanaka i ua mau hooikaika ana e loaa keia ano o ka' ike e pili ana i ke ao nei. Akā, ia mea,ʻaʻole pēlā. No ka laʻana, ka mea noʻeau pokole o ko ke ao nei, aole ia i imply objectivity. Kekahi makakū laulima i ka loli iki ana degere, o ka epitome o pilikino pilikino manao o na kākau. O ka holo ana, i ka hana i loko o ka 'ano moʻokalaleo Ke o realism he nui loa Pahuhopu lāliʻi, akā, ma ka mau, o ka huina hoonui koe i ke akamai, aʻaʻole hiki ke kau ma luna o ka par me ka' epekema noiʻi.
Creative hana i loko o ka 'ano moʻokalaleo Ke o cubism, symbolism, impressionism, primitivism, a no laila, ma luna o. N. A emi like i na ano he kumu hoʻohālike o ka Pahuhopu' ike, e like me ka mea noonoo ole i ka maoli a puni aku o ka lanakila, a me ka mea okoa hoʻokokoke mai a me kāu kiʻina hana o kona kiʻi. Nā kākau o ia mau hana kaumaha objectivity i loko o ka lokomaikai o ka expressiveness. A, ina e olelo aku i ka'ōlelo o ka 'epekema, ka mea, i kaʻikepili ma lua o ka wahi, a ma luna - he ano o ka pū i hiki' ike.
Objectivity a me ka pono o ka
Information hiki ke nānaina no kela kumu. Kona degere o undistorted kapa authenticity. pono e ike okoa keia waiwai mai ka objectivity. O ka holo ana, biased ike hiki ole ke manaoia ike loea. Eia naʻe, pololei ole ike paha e Pahuhopu, aka i ka degere o ka unreliability o kaʻoi loa i ike ia. Ma ka hōʻikeʻia nani o ka mea a me kaʻike manaʻo, me ka Pahuhopu, akā, hoopunipuni ike. Ano he kumu hoʻohālike: .. makemakika a me ka physical ia a eia i (i ka helu o ka "pi", ka hoʻonui o ka umekaumaha) nā mea ma luna o palapala, i ka mau dala o na (particles) lohe ÿana i loko o ka lewa, etc. a pau i heluʻiaʻikepiliʻepekema hana ma ka nānaina o ka wahaheʻe. Mahalo i kēia 'ike i ke' aelike 'Pahuhopu.
Objectivity a me ka pilina
Inā i ka 'ike' ākau a i ka he manawa, alaila ia mea pili. Poe oo hoi o ka 'ike ia lŘlŘ ma kekahi kumu, ke kaumaha ma muli konaʻano. No ka laʻana,ʻikepili ma ke ea kalepa ae la lakou luna kanaka hoʻoponopono i pili 'ole loa koke, a me ka' ike e pili ana i ka 'ole o ka Honua ka pńpa - Ua nui ke kua'āina.
Inā mākou e kamailio e pili ana i ka Pahuhopu a me ka pili 'ike, examples i e hookomoia ma ka haʻalele' ana o ka amo, malie hoike, he nūhou, quotations o nā waiwai, alanui kūpono a me nā mea 'ike i loaʻa i ka mea ma kekahi wahi.
Knowledge a me ka naauao o ka waiwai o ka 'ike, e like me ka hiki, e hoʻohana iā lākou - ke ki i ka laulā o kekahi ha awina ma kaiāulu.
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