Antarctica Ua ike huakaʻi, alai ae ma explorers Bellingshausen a me Lazarev. Mōʻaukala o ka loaʻa o Antarctica

ʻO wai ka mea i waena o huakaʻi loaa Antarctica? Ka pane 'oe e aʻo mai i kēia' atikala. Nui, o ka hope loa kona loaʻa mai ai i ka 1820. He ka moʻolelo o Antarctica helu kuhi puke i kēia makahiki. Mua, kanaka hiki wale kuhi i keia'āinapuniʻole malaila.

Antarctica - i ka lani kiekie loa'āinapuniʻole ma ka Honua. More ma mua o 2 tausani. Mika o kaʻawelike kiʻekiʻe o ka luna ma luna o ka Ant- kai. Eha tausani mika mai iā ia i loko o ka waena konu o ka'āinapuniʻole.

Ma mua o ke kamailio e pili ana i ka mea i waena o huakaʻi loaa Antarctica, e olelo aku i kekahi mau o ka'ōlelo e pili ana i na luina a pau e kokoke loa ana i keia loaʻa nui.

Ka mua speculation e pili ana i ke ola ana o ka pelapela a

Ke komo ana o ka huakaʻi lawe mai ma Portugal i 1501-1502 makahiki, ka mua kohu. Amerigo Vespucci komo i loko o kēia holoʻana. Keia Florentine hele, i ke aloha a hiki i ka loa bizarre coincidence o likeʻole ana, haawi aku la i kona inoa i ka inoa mau nunui âinapuni. Naʻe, i ka hua huakaʻi hiki ole e hele hou ia. LOCATION South, i mea heʻano lōʻihi loa aku mai Antarctica. Vespucci hoike i ke anu ua ai, pili i hiki ole ai ka huakaʻi amo ai ia.

Ua Ua lōʻihi o Laielohelohe kanaka Antarctica. Mākaʻikaʻi ma ua ea ae ia ka mea, he nui'āinapuniʻole. Dzheyms Kuk komo mua 'ē aʻe ma o ka Ant- wai. He debunked i nā kaʻao ia he mea Terra Australis, alahula nui. Naʻe, ka mea hoʻokele i puʻe wale akula kēlā i kuhi wale ia o ka'āinapuniʻole hiki e kokoke i ka laau. He manaoio aku i kona alo proves he wahi lihi iki o ka hau mokupuni, a me ka lana ka hau.

Lazarev a Bellingshausen

Antarctica Ua ike huakaʻi, alai ae ma explorers mai Rusia. Mau i kākau mau inoa i loko o ka mōʻaukala o Leeuwerikplein discoveries. keia FF Bellingshausen (makahiki o ke ola - 1778-1852) a me ka MP Lazarev (1788-1851).

Faddey Faddeevich Bellinsgauzen i hānau i loko o 1778. He Ua hanau ia ma ua aia i loko o ka Baltic Sea mokupuni o Saaremaa, Estonia no i ka i keia la. Aʻo hoʻokele i loko o ke kai Cadet mau pūʻali.

Bellingshausen moe mai wā kamaliʻi o ka moana lewa. He palapala iho la i ka mea i hānau i waena o ke kai, no laila, e like me ka ia mai o ka wai, hiki ole ke ola me ia. Faddey Faddeevich i 1803-1806 makahiki komo i loko o ka hele ana (ka mua circumnavigation, hemolele Lūkini luina) ma luna o ka moku "Hope", i alakai ma Ivan Kruzenshtern.

Lazarev ua 10 makahiki kaikaina. He i 3 huakaʻi a puni ke ao nei no ko lakou mau ola. Hoʻokele komo i loko o 1827 i loko o ka manuwa kaua o Navarino, alaila, no ka aneane iwakalua makahiki, i ka luna o ka Black Sea'auwaʻa kaua. I waena o kona mau haumana, he mau mea koʻikoʻi manuwa luna o Rusia, Vladimir Istomin, Paulo Nakhimov, Vladimir Kornilov.

"Vostok" a me "Aloha"

Lazarev a Bellingshausen hoʻopaʻi lawe mai i ka 1819. A laila, i ka Kuhina o ka Moana makemake ai i ka huakaʻi a hiki i ka Hawaiian hemisphere. Paʻakikī huakaʻi i e lawe mai mau moku, pono-e iai? Oaiaaiiua. I ka luna o ka sloop "East" Ua hoonohoia Bellingshausen. Lazarev alakaʻi i ka "aloha". Ma ka hanohano o kēia mau moku i na makahiki ma hope ka mea, ua kapaia ka mua Soviet Ant- wahi.

Ka mua puka

Ka huakaʻi i loko o 1819, July 16, hoomaka ae laʻau. Hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo no ka like penei ua kālaiʻia kona pahu hopu: ka loaʻa kokoke i ka Ant- Pole. Holo moku aoia e noiʻi ana i ka Honua Hawaii (e ka South Hawaii pae aina, i kekahi manawa, i loaʻa i Cook), e like me South Georgia, a laila, hoʻomau i ka noiʻi 'ana i ka mamao lakikū, i wale hiki ke loaʻa.

No laila, i kēia "Maluhia" a me ka "East". Ua ho'ākāka lāliʻi South Georgia Island. Explorers ua loaʻa i ka Hawaii Honua o ka pae'āina. Cook Islands Bellingshausen ka inoa o ka nui mokupuni o ka pae'āina. Ua lawe mai First mea loaa kuhikuhi.

Puka o Antarctica

Ma ka moana lipolipo hiki ke ike icy aouli. Nā moku hoomau ma luna o ko lākou heleʻana ma kā lākou mau kihi a mai ke komohana i ka hikina. I ka 1820, 27 January, i ka huakaʻi ma kela aoao o ke Anuhema Circle. A me ka ia la ae, ua hele mai a kokoke i ka Ant-'āinapuniʻole, kona hau ke'ākeʻakeʻa mai i ka i komo. Just ma 100 makahiki ma hope, ua kipa hou i kēia mau wahi. Kēia manawa ka mea, ua ka Norewai explorers o Antarctica. Ka mea, haawi mai la ia i ka inoa o ka Princess Martha Coast.

Bellingshausen ma Ianuali 28 Kakau iho la ia ma kona diary ana, e hoomau ana i ka hoʻoneʻe kūkulu hema, i ka huakaʻi i loaʻa ma ka hau awakea i hele ma ka hau hōʻike i loko o ka palapala o ke keʻokeʻo ao. Luina, maalo ae la oia i ka hema-hikina, he elua hou mile, hoi au i "i paa ka hau." Ka nui kahua dotted me Iegasaduha hohola puni. No ka Antarctica Ua ike huakaʻi, alai ae ma explorers Bellingshausen a me Lazarev.

Ma hua'ōlelo o kaʻike pono ua mea maikaʻi moku Lazarev. luna o ka moku i ka nana ana aku i "Ice loa kiekie," a aole i lalau mai ai i ka moana lipolipo. He ua hapa o ka hau pepa i uhi Antarctica. Ma January 28 keia makahiki, ka mea, hele aku la ia ma ka moolelo like me ka lā, i ka wa o ka Bellingshausen a me Lazarev loaa i ka Ant- nā moku'āina '. Palua (Pepeluali 2 a me 17) "Maluhia" a me ka "hikina" ke hele mai a kokoke i na kapakai o Antarctica. E like me ka olelo, e nana i "ike aina". Eia naʻe,ʻo ka loa paa o na drafters o ka palapala hiki ole i ike mua ia i ka holomua o kēia

Hai holo i Antarctica

Hookokoke ana aku i ka hooilo, i loko o ka Hawaiian hemisphere. Moku 'oni iki i ke kūkulu'ākau, a holo ma ka pakiko, a Tropical wai o ka Moana Pākīpika. A makahiki hele ana. A laila, "Aloha" a me ka "hikina", i i kauoha mai ai e Bellingshausen a me Lazarev hina no Antarctica hou. Ka mea, maʻekolu manawa i ka Ant- Circle.

Peter I Island

Maka o ka mākaʻikaʻi ma loko o 1821, 22 January,ʻikeʻia kaʻike mokupuni. He 'o Bellingshausen Island o Petero ka Nui. January 28, e like hoʻokahi makahiki mahope mai o ka loaʻa o Antarctica, ma luna o ka lā, cloudless ino luina malama i ka mauna kahakai, i'ō aku ai o ka maka i ke kūkulu hema.

Honua Alexander I

Mua iʻikeʻia ma ka ai maps ka Honua ma Alexander I. Aia mea i kanalua ole hou i: Antarctica - ka mea, aole pono hau massif, he maoli'āinapuniʻole. Bellingshausen, nae, i olelo ai o Iosepa i ka puka o ka pelapela a. Ka mea, ua ma ole 'o ia hoʻi modesty wahahee. Hoʻokele hoʻomaopopo i ka mea i hiki ke huki hope hopena a, akā, ma hope Noho i ka mea e pono ai haʻawina ma na kapakai o Antarctica. None o na outlines, a no ka nui o ka'āinapuniʻole, ia i hiki ole ai e ka hoʻonaninani manaʻo. He nui na makahiki i hala aku ma luna o issledavaniya.

Hoʻokolokolo 'ana o ka South Shetland Islands

Pau i ka "odyssey", hoʻokele kaupaona i nā loko o au mamuli o ka South Shetland Islands. Mamua o ka mea iʻikeʻia e like me ka mea a B. Smith, he Pelekāne, hakilo iho la lakou i ka 1818. mau mokupuni i kaha palapala a me ka hoakakaia. Ma ke kaua o ka 1812 i hele ma na ukali Lazarev a me Bellingshausen. Nolaila, kekahi o ka mokupuni ma ka hoomanao ana i kona kaua ana i ka kēia inoa: Waterloo, Leipzig, Berezina, Smolensk, Maloyaroslavets, Borodino. Ma hope, nae, na luina Beritania Kapa hou i ke ia, i mea ole loa maikaʻi. Waterloo, i waena o nā mea (King George - kona ke kālā no ka inoa), i hoʻokumuʻia o ka loa'ākau noiʻi wahi o ka USSR i ka makahiki 1968 ma Antarctica i kapaia "Bellingshausen".

E hoʻi iā Kronstadt

I ka 1821, ma ka hope o Ianuari, Faddey Faddeevich hoouna moku i ke kūkulu'ākau,ʻino kuʻi hoʻokele i ka hau, a me kaʻino. 751 lā keia hele ana Lūkini moku. huakaʻi lōʻihi ua ma kahi o 100 tausani kilomika (ia mea, e like me ka loihi me oe i loaa ia oe elua e hele a puni ka Honua ma ka equator, a me ka hapaha manawa). 29 hou mokupuni i ua kaha palapala. Pela i hoomaka ai ka ana a me ka study o Antarctica.

Ma hope o ka Lūkini

No laila, Antarctica i ike huakaʻi, alai ae ma explorers mai Rusia. Mau pule ma hope o ia, i ka 1820, 16 January, Lūkini huakaʻi alakai e Bellingshausen a me Lazarev, hele aku la ia Antarctica, Edward Brantsfild, ka mea i hoʻoneʻe mai ke South Shetland Islands i ka hema, i ka hau-uhi kiʻekiʻe pali. He Ua ka inoa o kēia hoʻokele Honua Trinity ( 'o ia hoʻi ka Trinity). ike Antarctica noiʻi i nā mauna kuahiwi. Ka mea, ua ka Ant- Peninsula, i ke kūkulu'ākau i kona lehelehe aole i lalau mai i 1.200 ei ma ke ala e hiki aku oʻAmelika Hema. Ma Honua, aole meaʻaʻohe'ē aʻe e like me ka lōʻihi, a ololi Peninsula.

Antarctica no ka manawa mua ma hope o ka Lūkini luina i ka poe "Enderby", mau sealers Ahahookolokolo oʻEnelani, ka mea i hana 'ia ma lalo o John Biscoe kaapuni ia ka honua. I ka makahiki 1831, ma ka hope o Feberuari, a hiki i ka aina mauna i kokoke i ka pā hale. Ua Ua aponoia e ia no ka mokupuni. A laila, ua ho'ākāka 'ia i kēia'āina, e like me ka protrusion o East Antarctica. Iʻikeʻia ma ka palapala inoa Biscoe mauna (i ka lani kiekie loa piko ma luna o ia) a me Enderby Land. No ka Antarctica weheʻImi Loa Dzhon Bisko.

Ke hele i loko o ka kela makahiki i kekahi loaʻa. He halawai no ka 'Aʻohe Melekiana kekahi mau mokupuni uuku nui, ma kēlā kapa i loaʻa nā mauna o Graham Land (e like me ka mea i ka inoa o keia aina), a hoomau iho la oia i ka Honua Alexander I a hiki i ka hikina. Kupono inoa o keiaʻImi Loa i ka inoa o ke kaula gula o nā mokupuni liʻiliʻi, eia nae, ua loaa i ka aina i noʻonoʻo ia no ka manawa lōʻihi ma hope o nā mokupuni.

Ma ka hopeʻumi makahiki, e holo ana i loko o ka Hawaiian Ocean i wehe ae ia i elua a ekolu "kahakai". Eia naʻe, e hele i kekahi o lakou, i ole pono.

Ma ka mōʻaukala o ke ao o Antarctica ninoaaeyao he kūikawā wahi i ka huakaʻi o ka Farani, a i alai ai e JS Dumont d'Urville. I ka 1838, ma January, elua o kona moku ( "Seele" a me ka "Astrolabe") hele mai i ka Pacific, mai ka 'Akelanika, palekoki i ka hema Amerika. Kanaka noiʻi hele i loko o ka huli ana o ka wai, hau-noa, a hiki i ke kūkulu hema, e hele i ka Ant- Peninsula, kona'ākau kōkua, a i ka inoa o keia Honua hoʻokele Louis-Philippe. Dumont d'Urville, hele mai i loko o ka moana Pakifika, kona oihana a hoouna aku la i ka Tropical wai. Eia naʻe, mai Tasmania laila, huli hema, a halawai ma ka latitu o ka Arctic Circle hau kahakai, o Adelie Land ma ka aoao o kana wahine. Ua hiki i ka 1840, January 20. Na Palani ma ka ia lā pae ma ka mokupuni. Mākou ke olelo i ka mea mua manawa kanaka i kēia lā e hele mai ai i ka honua o Antarctica, naʻe ka mea, ua nō,ʻaʻole i ka pelapela a me ka mokupuni e hiki mai ia mea, a me ka.

e heluhelu ana i ka 'atikala ma hope, e ua aoia hoi, ka makahiki loaa Antarctica. Wale i ka makahiki 1956, ma ka January 5, ma ke kahakai o ka pelapela a, e lawe i ka mua Lūkini explorers. Eia kekahi no laila, ma 136 makahiki ma hope o Antarctica i ike huakaʻi, alai ae ma explorers Bellingshausen a me Lazarev.