APG: haku mele 'ana. Natural a pili kinoea

Oil a me ke kinoea - keʻano nui maka mea i loko o ke ao nei. A kūikawā wahi i loko o ka aila a me ka kinoea hana ninoaaeyao hui pu kinoea. Mua keia mau ua,ʻaʻole i hoʻohana. Akā,'ānō, i ka laua a hiki i keia waiwai kumu waiwai i loli.

He aha mea he pili kinoea

Kēia hydrocarbon kinoea i ua hookuu, mai ka punawai mai o ka? Aieeeua aila, a iloko o kona kaawale ana. He He läÿau, o vaporized hydrocarbon a me ka 'ole-hydrocarbon eiiiiiaiou o maoli kumu.

Kona mea i loko o ka aila e ĸokoĸa ana nä pane mai kekahi i mau tausani cubic mika i loko o ka hookahi tona.

Ma ka loaa ana i Kekahi Mau 'pili kinoea ua manaoia kekahi he hopena ia o ka aila? Iecaianoaaiiuo. Nolaila i ka inoa. Ma muli o ka nele o ka mea kupono aeuiiai ieaia? No ka kinoea 'ohi', halihali, a me ka manaʻoe hana o ka nui nui o keia maoli o nā kumu waiwai ua nalowale. No keia kumu, ka hapanui o ka pili i kinoea wale flared.

kinoea haku mele 'ana

Associated kinoea ua haku o ka methane, a kaumaha hydrocarbons - .. Ethane, butane, propane, etc. ke kinoea haku mele 'ana i loko o kaʻokoʻa oilfields i oko iki. Ma kekahi mau wahi ma ka pili kinoea i komo 'ole-hydrocarbon eiiiiiaiou - naikokene, luaipele, ka oxygen.

Eʻoi mai ana i ke kinoea i gushes ma hope e komo ai o ka aila Reservoir, wehewehe aku poʻeʻuʻuku kaumaha hydrocarbon kinoea. More "kaumaha" ma o ka haku mele 'ana o ke kinoea i loko o ka aila wale. No laila, ma nā kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao loiloi mua o? Acaeoey o ka aila mahinaʻai, e like me ka rula, he hailona o pili kinoea ua hua mai la i ka maʻiʻo kiʻekiʻe o ka methane. Ma ka hana o ka hoʻokomo kālā, i ke kiʻekiʻe o hoemiia i kēia mau kiʻi, a me ka kaumaha eiiiiiaiou e i ka nui loa o ke kinoea.

Natural a piliʻaila kā kinoea: aha ka ke koena unuhi

Associated kinoea hoʻohālike au i maoli kekahi mau emi methane, akā, i ka nui nui o kona homologues, me pentane a me ka hexane. Kekahi mea nui likeʻole - ka hui malu pu ana o ka mall eiiiiiaiou i loko o nā mahinaʻai i loko o i ka pili kinoea ua hua. APG haku mele 'ana e hiki ĸokoĸa ana nä pane no kekahi mau manawa o ka ia kula. No ka nane, he laupaʻi pu ana o na eiiiiiaiou o maoli kinoea mea mau ikaika. Nolaila, APG hiki ke hoʻohana 'ia no kekahi hana, a ua hoʻohana wale maoli kinoea me ka ikehu maka mea.

Kaniak APG

Associated kinoea ua loaa ia ma ka hookaawale ana mai o ka aila. No keia mea, multistage hīnaʻi manu me kekahi puʻe. Pela, i loko o ka mua kaawale ke kahua ua pressurized mai ka 16 a hiki i 30 bar. Ma nā mea a pau mahope kuʻina o ka'aloʻahiʻa ua i nā hoemiia. I ka hope ka anu u aiao ua hoemi ia i 1.5-4 hookolokolo? Iecaianoaaiiuo. Ka mahana a me ka puʻe e hooponoponoia ia mea, ma ka 'enehana APG kaawale ana.

Ke kinoea hua mai i loko o ke kahua mua ua hoouna pololei i ke kinoea aaioee loa. Great pilikia e ala mai ka wā hoʻohana kinoea me ka puʻe o lalo 5 bar. Mamua aku nei nō i kēia mau puhi APG ma flares, akā, nei hoʻololi i ke kulekele no ka kinoea ka hanaʻana. Ke aupuni i ke ahulau, e hoʻoikaika i nā makana, e emi haumia ea o ke kaiapuni. Ke'ī mai, ma ka moku'āina pae anakahi APG'ā ia i hoʻouka kekahi ma ka makahiki 2009, a e ole oi 5% o ka huina pili i kinoea.

Noi o APG i loko o ka hana

Mamua, APG, aʻaʻole i hoʻohana koke ma hope o noho puhi. Ano,ʻepekema ke hookaawale i ka waiwai o keia maoli o nā kumu waiwai a me ka nana aku i na aoao e hana ia ka pono.

Associated kinoea kona haku mele 'ana o ka läÿau, o ka propane, butane a kaumaha hydrocarbons, o ka waiwai i ikeia ka mea no ka ikehu a me ka Nine Inch oihana puolo. APG he calorific waiwai. Penei, i'ā ka mea, ke hookuu aku oia mai ka 9 a hiki i 15 tausani kcal / cubic mika. Ma kona kikokikona palapala ua ole i hoʻohana. Mai poina e pono ai, i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe.

Ma ka Nine Inch hana iloko o ka pili i kinoea o methane a me ka ethane e i ka lula a me ka laholio. Kaumaha hydrocarbon eiiiiiaiou hoʻohana like maka mea no ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o kiʻekiʻe octane wahie mea hoʻonui, onaona hydrocarbons a liquefiedʻaila kā kinoea.

Ma Rusia, oi ma mua o 80% o ka hua pili kinoea hoike no elima poe hua kaʻaila a me ka kinoea: OJSC "Rosneft", OJSC "Gazpromneft", OJSC "Oil Company LUKOIL", OJSC "TNK-BP e hoʻopaʻa nei i", JSC "Surgutneftegaz ". E like me ka oihana ikepili, ke aupuni makahiki produces oi ma mua o 50 ieeeea? Cubic mika o pili kinoea, o ka i 26% ua ua hoʻopōaiapuni, 47% ua hoʻohana 'ia no ka hanalima hana, a me ka mea i koe, 27% ua flared.

Aia mau wahi, i hiki i hana ole mau kāki-ka hoʻokō 'ana o ka pili iʻaila kā kinoea. Ke ano o keia mau pinepine hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ke kahua nui. Pela, ke kinoea hua mai la i ka poe liilii, mahinaʻai, e ke hoʻohana 'ia i uila i kūloko nā mea kūʻai mai. Ma awelika hoʻokomo kālā hou hoʻokele waiwai extract liquefiedʻaila kā kinoea ma ke kinoea aaioee mea kanu, a kūʻai lilo aku ia i ka Nine Inch oihana puolo. Ka pono koho no ka nui mahinaʻai o ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o ka uila ma kiʻekiʻe ka mana a me ka hope kuai.

Poino mai APG'ā

Kinoea flaring hoʻohaumia i ke kaiapuni. A puni o ka lapalapa kanawai thermal hoʻololi iho, a pepehi i ka lepo i loko o ke kahahńnai o 10-25 mika a me ka mea kanu ma ka laulā 50-150 mau mika. Ma ka'ā kaʻina hāʻule i loko o ka lewa o ka naikokene a me ka kalapona monoxide, sulfur dioxide i, a me ka unburned hydrocarbons. ʻepekema, ua oaeuiinoe e like me ka hopena o ka flaring kipaku ka hola 0.5 miliona na tona no ka makahiki o ke kalaponaʻeleʻele.

Nō hoʻi, ke kinoea'ā huahana mea pilikia loa i kanaka ola. Wahi a ka 'ikepili helu, i loko o ka papa kuhikuhiE refinery Rusia māhele - Tyumen māhele - morbidity no na ano o ka maʻi ma luna o ka awelika no ka mea a pau aupuni. Loa pinepine kanaka i loko o ka māhele 'āina e ae mai naehana pathologies. Aia He He lālā hua helu o ka hikoko, kāna hana o ke ano nā loko , a ua'emi ko kahua.

Eia kekahi, APG'ā huahana i pathologies i hoike mai ai ia lakou iho ma hope o kekahi mau manawa wale. O nā nā kēia:

• infertility;
• miscarriage;
• hereditary maʻi;
• nāwaliwali, e hoʻonele;
• oncological maʻi.

APG ka hanaʻana loea

I ka papa kuhikuhiE pilikia o ka hoʻopōʻaiapuni kinoea o ke kiʻekiʻe lehulehu o ka mea kaumaha hydrocarbons. I keia la i ka aila a me ka kinoea hana hoʻohana kekahi mau pono ka loea, a i ka manawa, e hoʻoikaika i ka pono o ke kinoea ma ka wehe 'ana o ka mea kaumaha hydrocarbons:

1. Kinoea fractioning mahele.
2. Adsorption enehana.
3. Low-ana wela kaawale ana.
4. ʻili lahilahi enehana.

ka hanaʻana o ka pili kinoea ala

Aia, ua nui na ano, akā, ma ka hana, hoʻohana wale he mau. Ke kumu o iaoia - ke ola APG e kaawale ana i loko o eiiiiiaiou. Kēia hoʻopōʻaiapuni kaʻina produces maloo kinoea, aʻano nui o ka ia me maoli kinoea, a ma kona ano maoli kinoea ke kinowai (NGL). Kēia läÿau, hiki ke hoʻohana 'ia me ka maka i nā puke no ka petrochemistry.

Kaawale ana o ke kinoea ia lŘlŘ ma ka haʻahaʻa mahana palapala koho omo a me ka condensation. Ma hope o ka pau 'ana o ke kinoea maloʻo ua kaʻi aku ma ka pipeline, a ua hoouna ia NGL refineries no hou aaioee.

Ka lua o ka pono kaʻaoʻao i APG - Paikikala kaʻina. Kēia papa hana kŰia injecting kinoea i loko o ka? Aieeeua no ka puʻe māhuahua. Kēia pāʻoihana apono 'e hoomahuahua i ka buke o ka aila hou ana mai o ka ho okumu.

Eia hou, i ka pili kinoea i ke hoʻohana 'ia paha uila. Kēia e ae i kaʻaila poe e me ka nui loa hoola i ke kālā, i hoʻopau i ka pono, e kūʻai uila mai ka waho.