Bacillus tuberculosis: Pehea na ola, e like me ka hoike? He aha ka TB?

Tuberculosis - he insidious maʻi i loli ai i nā mākua,ʻaʻole wale nō akā, i na keiki. I ka mea kūpono maʻi ha awina mycobacteria (Koch ka bacillus) i loko o ke kanaka kino. Ma ka iapaau ana o pathologies noi multicomponent chemotherapy, i hiki mau mai i ka eono mahina a oi. I ka 50% o ka hoopii, nele o ka lapaau, i ka maʻi welau a me ka make. He aha ka ka tubercle bacillus o Koch, pehea e loaʻa i loko o ka kanaka kino, a pehea e pale aku i ke kūpono 'ana o ka maʻi - kēia mau nīnau, e hana aku i loko o kēia' atikala.

I ka manaʻo o ka mycobacteria

Tuberculosis - he infectious maʻi, kena ae la ia e Mycobacterium pūʻulu i Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MBT). Kēiaʻano o ka koʻohune ua pinepine kapaia ka tubercle bacillus - ma ka inoa o ka German nä känaka 'epekema Roberta Koha. 'Epekema ike e pili ana i 74? Ueo o mycobacteria loaʻa ma ka lepo, ka wai, a me nā holoholona kanaka. Au pono aku nei au i ke kanana nei o ka tuberculosis, kena ae la ia ma kekahiʻano o mycobacteria oko mai kekahi i kekahi.

Tubercle bacillus i ka kūikawā aiiay wahi, a kokua i ka koʻohune e ola ma ke kaiapuni. MTB Ua pololei paha kānaka uma kinona, paa, 'ano apau loa i spores paha capsules, loa lohi hoʻopulapula he kula haʻahaʻaa ana i loko o nā keena, i ka mahele kalapona o 14-18 hola. E like me ka rula, nā'ōlelo lŘlŘ ma nāʻaoʻao - ma ka opuu ae, e emi ai manamana ai.

Mycobacterium negligible Ana: anawaena loli aʻe ma waena o 0.2-0.6 ka m, lōʻihi - 1-10 microns. Tubercle bacillus e pili ana i na fungi no o ko lākou similarity ua hoike mai ia ma ka mea hookahi ka oxygen hokii. MTB panalaau ia lohi (i loko o 34-55 lā) ulu ma ka paa meakino, i ka hoʻonaninani ili, weakly pigmented - he a pink-ʻalani paha nō.

Ka 'ole o MTB keena

Mea koʻohune keena o ka tubercle bacillus iloko o na kēia mau hehee wale:

• aeea paia - i hanaʻia me kekahi mau papa, Mycobacterium ka pale 'ana i ÿole mechanical, a Nine Inch hoouka; Ua 'oi aku ka ikaika nui a me ke ano o na aeee (ma ke alanui, he hapa o ka containment maupaʻa he waxy, momoma waiwai);
• mea koʻohune cytoplasm me ka granular inclusions;
• cytoplasmicʻili lahilahi;
• nukelea waiwai, i loko o a he hoʻopoepoe DNA.

MBT ka loa hoʻopale i? Aneie ololi, a lōʻihi hoopaa mai ai i kona viability. Ehia na ola tubercle bacillus? Mycobacteria hiki nei: mai i 7 makahiki i loko o ka wai a me ka pouli wahi ma ka wela ana o 23 ° C; i ka 12 mahina i loko o ka pouli a me ka maloo wahi; i ka 6 mahina i loko o ka lepo; i ka 5 mahina i loko o ka wai; mai ka 3 mahina i loko o ka buke; mai i ka 2 mahina ma ka alanui lepo; mai i ka 2 pule i loko o ka waiū waiu; mai ai i ka makahiki i ka aila a me ka waiū. Mycobacterium tuberculosis mea i makau i ka keʻano o ka hanaʻana o ka palaho, a ke noho kanu i kekahi mau mahina i loko o ka lepo kino. Naʻe, ka mea pololei na kukuna o ka la e luku i ka ILO, a me ka hapalua hola, i ka ultraviolet kukuna - i loko o kekahi mau minuke. Chlorinated disinfectors Makuakane me bacillus no 5 hola. Mycobacteria i ikepili koʻikoʻi i ka hydrogen peroxide. Pepehi tubercle bacillus ma ka paio hahana maoli nō: no ka 20 minuke ma 60 ° C, a no 5 minuke - ma 70 ° C.

MBT hiki i maʻi hope elua i ekolu makahiki o ke ola a me ka asymptomatic no ka manawa lōʻihi ma ke kino, e hoʻomaka Anati-TB e hoʻonele.

He aha ka TB?

I kaulana mua, tuberculosis - he infectious maʻi, kena ae la ia e Mycobacterium hope. Ka hapa nui o ka maʻi hohola ma droplet maʻiʻaʻai mai ka iho mailoko o kanaka i ke ola i ke kino (puʻu, kiheʻana, kamailio). I kekahi manawa, i ka maʻiʻaʻai hiki ia i ke ano o ka ai (maka waiu).

At kamepiula - kanaka e noho ana ma wahi me ka uala pono hui hoʻomaʻemaʻe ana - o na halepaahao, home no ka noho. Kēia nā nā mea maʻi me ka hoʻonāwaliwaliʻia'ōnaehana paleʻea nenoai (kanaka me HIV, Ka maʻi 'aʻai nā mea maʻi). Diabetics; na kamalii uuku; ka kūpuna; ohana lālā e loaa ana mai ka tuberculosis; paka; People me kou kino - kēia mau waeʻano o kanaka loa pinepine pepehi i ka tubercle bacillus. mana hana pono OAXAʻai ana o nā wikamina a me nā minelala hao, e kōkua i ka hoemi'ōnaehana paleʻea kuleana pili i hoʻihoʻi aku.

Ka mea hiki wale mai o ka tuberculosis ua kena ae la ia e kanaka ano o ka meaola, like hoʻi me 'ana e pili ana i ka manaʻoʻike moku'āina o ke kanaka. E like me ka makahiki makahiki paha ua Kīwala'ō ma lalo o ka pae ana o kanaka 18-26 makahiki.

Ke peculiarity o keia maʻi mea i ka TB bacillus ua hoʻomaka koke lilo ana hoʻopale i ka ai ', no laila lapaau iaoia komo ai i ka hoʻohana' ana o kekahi mau ai 'i ka mea ia manawa.

E like me ia MEA 'ikepili helu, e pili ana i ka hapakolu o ko ke ao nei ka heluna iho mailoko o ia me ka tubercle bacillus, akā, ke ola i ke kino, aole ia i ae i ka Office, e hoonui. Ke pathology ia lŘlŘ i loko o ke kanaka kino wale nō ma lalo o 'ano kūpono no keia - kuʻu e hoʻonele. Kēlā me kēia makahiki, mai complications o tuberculosis, e pepehi ma kahi o ekolu miliona kanaka i loko o ke ao nei. World TB Day ua paa March 24th.

TB EYI ala

Aia i eha ka papa kuhikuhiEʻaoʻao ma i tuberculosis hohola koʻokoʻo:

• airborne ka wā o nā mycobacteria komo i ka lewa me ka droplets ka wā puʻu, kihe ahonui;
• alimentary - maʻiʻaʻai ia lŘlŘ ma ka gastrointestinal'āpana;
• Hoʻokaʻaʻike - maʻiʻaʻai ia lŘlŘ ma na maka o ka conjunctiva (maʻiʻaʻai o ka ili o ka pohihihi keia kŰia);
• utero - mailoko o ka maÿi placenta i ka hānauʻana, mai ka makuwahine i ke keiki.

Ma ke ola i ke kino hanu'ōnaehana ua palekana e kū'ē i ka anal o mycobacteria mucus, a ua hoʻokuʻuʻia ma ka hana kūikawā keena. Naʻe, a me ka li nui o ka naehana oihana, e like me ma lalo o ka aoao o toxins "hoopakele" 'Aʻole e holopono ana. Ka pahiki o ka maʻiʻaʻai ma ka alimentary hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ke ano o ka intestinal pa, kona omo nona iho.

Mai tubercle bacillus ua aia mawaho o ka halepaahao, a multiplies lohi'aʻaʻa no kekahi manawa noho ma kā lākou ola 'ole, nae, Mycobacterium i kekahi manawa, e komo i loko o ke kahe o ka lymph lymph aka wahi, a palahalaha ae ma ke kino. Ka loa maikaʻi no ka mycobacteria mea kino me ka hoʻomōhala ana i microvasculature (akemāmā,ʻaʻa puʻuwai cortex, oihana fallopian paipu). A hiki i ka Office komo i loko o aeee, e hoʻomaka e pōʻinoʻia kona 'ole, a kaʻana like.

pathology'anatomia

Ma nā loko iʻa maʻiʻaʻai ia lŘlŘ "anu" li nui i hiki aku ai i ke kahua o ka granulomas iiiaanoaa - Iegasaduha i prone i ka hoʻololi iho. Ke naoh o ke kino ua hoike mai ia ma kekahi mau pule ma hope maʻiʻaʻai. Ke kelepona hele e hoʻonele ua hanaʻia ma hope o nā mahina. I kekahi pae o? Acaeoey o ka pathological kaʻina ua wehewehe aku e kali ulu Office, i ka hoʻoʻino muli o ka mea i nalowale, nae, o ka causative Agena o ka hoʻoʻino pulakaumaka ua ole loa eliminated.

Tubercle bacillus i loko o ke kino, ua waiho waho no ka lōʻihi manawa, a me kekahi kanaka ke lilo i ka lawe ana o ka ILO ola. Me ka mea hoʻonāwaliwali maoli nō o ka e hoʻonele i koe heluna o ka Office, e 'Imi kaʻana like, ma o na la o ka holo ana o ka tuberculosis. Ka pilikia o ka ulu maʻi i loko o ka mua iho mailoko o kanaka, he 10% i ka mau makahiki mua ma hope maʻiʻaʻai. Me ka hooholo ia o ka manawa, e emi i ka likelihood o ka maʻi.

I ka wā o ka hoʻonāwaliwali e hoʻonele o ka meaola mea i hiki ke pale aku i ka propagation o koʻohune aeee i ia lŘlŘ exponentially. No ke ola i hana MTB hana maikaʻi 'ia i loko o i ka noho kaʻawale granulomas i merged ma ka na buke, penei e olelo aku nei ia iniiaiie maʻiʻaʻai i loaa mai i ka pae o ka lapaʻau tuberculosis. Aat i hohola hou ma ooieoeiiaeuiiai kahua.

Ano a me ka ano o ka tuberculosis

Ma hope o maʻiʻaʻai pathology i latent palapala, oa. E. Most pinepine asymptomatic. Wale kekahi mai o umi hoopii, hele aku i loko o kaʻeleu pae. Coli TB ka hapanui e loli ai i ka ia maʻiʻaʻai akā, e loli i nā kino nenoai.

Hoomaopopo mau ano o TB:

• hamama,
• paʻa.

A hiki i ke alo o ka hamama ano o ka tubercle bacillus ua hoopuni ia akulla 'ma ka sputum paha i loko o nā hoʻomanawanui secretions (mimi, feces). Ole e malama hygienic kaiapuni i loko o kēia palapala e alakai i ka maʻiʻaʻai o ka 'ē aʻe. I ka paʻa palapala o ka mycobacteria ole ia akulla ', a me nā mea maʻi e ole ho oweliweli i ka hoʻoweliweli' ana i 'ē aʻe.

Ke kaumaha ma muli o ka ano o ooieoeiiaeuiiai'ōnaehana ua olohelohe ia lakou i ka tubercle bacillus, pathology hoʻolaha like penei:

• pulmonary tuberculosis,
• extrapulmonary tuberculosis.

Ke kaumaha ma muli pehea pathology ua palahalaha ae ma ke kino, ua kilakila:

• latent tuberculosis,
• hoʻolaha tuberculosis,
• mea nui tuberculosis,
• caseous pneumonia,
• tubercles
• fibro-cavernous tuberculosis,
• cirrhotic tuberculosis,
• pleural tuberculosis, larynx a trachea - he kŰia he pohihihi keia.

Extrapulmonary tuberculosis e loli ai i kekahi'ē aʻe kino, a ma ka pathology ua hoʻolaha i loko:

• tuberculosis CNS a me meninges - i ka maʻi e loli ai ka spinal kaula a me ka lolo, paakiki iwi;
• digestive'ōnaehana, ma i IeAUPIIe, IAa IO e loli ai lahilahi, a caecum;
• Tuberculosis o ka urogenital poepoe e loli ai nā puʻupaʻa, urinary'āpana, reproductive nā loko;
• iwi hale;
• lupus;
• Tuberculosis mau maka.

Ka lapaʻau hoikeana o ka maʻi. tuberculosis o ka Central ko mākou hopohopo'ōnaehana

Me aʻu i olelo mua aku, ma muli o ia ka mea i ka tubercle bacillus i hookaawale loa lohi, loaa ia ia ma ka mua manawa hiki. No ia mea, pathology hiki loa e hoike mai ai ia ia iho, a me ka hope loaa ma ka ulia ma fluoroscopy a tuberculin ho'āʻo ma. Eia hou, i ka hana i ho'ākāka 'hoailona o ka maʻi, ma ka mea, aole ia i nei. Ka nui, e hoike ana i ke kino o intoxication, e hoike pallor, maʻi luhi, a me drowsiness, apathy, he hōʻemi iki ulu o ke kino mahana (ma kahi o 37 ° C), mahuahua sweating, ke kaupaonaʻana lilo, hoʻonui o ka lymph aka wahi.

Keʻena hoʻokolohua Ka Ikepili o ke koko o nā mea maʻi me ka tuberculosis huai ae hao deficiency, ka ho'ēmiʻana i loko o ka helu ana i keʻokeʻo koko keena. Hope, i ka wa a ka maʻi i loko o ka oiʻeleu pae, e hui i ka luna symptoms i akaka na hoailona o ka pathology o ka hoʻohuli ai i nā hui.

Inā Mycobacterium e loli ai ka Central ko mākou hopohopo'ōnaehana, i ke ahonui ua malama, ma ka hou ana i ka wela kiʻekiʻe, he hiamoe kāna hana, aggression, loa headaches, ka luaʻi. I ka pau ana o ka pule elua o ka hoouka kaua ana o ka hoailona mua o ka loli ana i loko o ka loloʻili lahilahi hale, a i wehewehe aku e hoʻopilikia ana i ka'ā'ī nāʻiʻo a me ka hikiʻole, e hooikaika ae i kou chin i kou umauma, kikoo i kou mau wāwae i ka nui i hiki. Ke kamepiula ciia diabetics a me nā moku halihali mokulele immunodeficiency mea hoʻomaʻi. Ia mea,ʻaʻole uncommon hanana ma ke kāʻei kua o keia pathology o ka noʻonoʻo 'kāna hana e like meʻole ike paka, pā lonoaʻili, holo o ka'ōnohi a poʻopoʻo.

Lua 'maʻi i loko o kekahi kanaka makua kanaka tubercle bacillus i keiki ai ole ke kumu o ka maʻi i oi kokololio a me ka loa, i kekahi manawa kūpono i ka make. Ua ua hoaponoia kuhikuhi underdeveloped keiki ka'ōnaehana paleʻea kahua. Paku ole ia i keia maʻi oi pinepine ma mua o nā keiki a pau e noho ana ma na kumu o ka hune sanitation, no kou kino, mau k ‰ ia. Tubercle bacillus i na keiki ke kumu o ka kino o kekahi symptoms, no laila, na makua pono e huki hoʻolohe i ka luaʻi, luhi i ke keiki, hoemiia noonoo, lilo o ka ikaika loa ka makemake, ke kaupaonaʻana poho, kuni.

Tuberculosis o nā ooieoeiiaeuiuo nenoai

Ma waho aʻeo ia akemāmā keena, a Central ko mākou hopohopo'ōnaehana pathology hiki hoouka'ē aʻe nā loko ma ke kino o ke kanaka, e like me naehana kahua. No laila, tuberculous pleurisy - i ka pio ana o ka pleuraʻili lahilahi e uhi i nā maʻiʻaʻai. Kēia pathology hiki ia he aupuni kūʻokoʻa maʻi, a hana ana me ka hopena o ka huikau pulmonary tuberculosis nenoaiu. Kekahi complication o pulmonary tuberculosis hiki e tuberculosis maluna naehana'āpana, kahi i loko o ka hoʻoʻino kaʻina komo ai i ka pharynx a me ka larynx. Nā symptoms o ia i ka maʻi i loko o hou ana i ka hua, he hoarseness a pilikia ma ka moni 'ia.

I ka make ana o ka tubercle bacillus ua kapaia lymph wahi tuberculosis lymphadenitis. Loa pinepine ma lalo e hoouka aku supraclavicular paha cervical lymph aka wahi mea e hoonee aku akā, painless.

hiki no hoi MTB loli nā loko o ka urogenital nenoaiu. I ka maʻi ua hoikeia aku ai eʻoi eha ma ka pūhaka, a me ka hope, he kiʻekiʻe kino ana wela. I ka urination Ua hiki puaʻa pūkoʻa a. Ke pathology ia lŘlŘ i like dala i loko o nā wāhine a me nā kānaka.

Tuberculosis o ka iwi 'aʻaʻa wehewehe aku ma ka pinepine fractures, loa kaʻeha i loko o ka loli ana o ia wahi, me ka hikiʻole, e neʻe maʻamau. Holo ano ia pathology pinepine alakai i ka make.

ʻike, a me ka lapaʻau

Ma kaʻike, aʻeleu tuberculosis i ka loa hanohano ano o ka sputum haukaʻe i microscopy a me ka X-Ray. Ka Ikepili haukaʻe, naʻe, hiki ole ke noonoo i pololei ia a me ka ike loea iaoia, mahope mai o ka kuʻina kakahiaka nui o ka maʻi, e like me ka pono me ka hihia o ka maʻi i loko o nā keiki kuka nei lakou e haawi i ka io result.

X-Ray PalekanaEND_LINK kāu kiʻina hana i ka hoʻokōʻano nui i loko o holomua maʻi. Ma waho aʻeo ia mau PalekanaEND_LINK ki ina hana like i pinepine hoʻohana tuberculin ili hōʻike, i ka mea i heaia ma, he pono ole Mantoux naoh.

Ka papa kuhikuhiE Pahuhopu i koho i ka lapaau ana i ka hoʻomanawanui kaapuni mea e hoʻopaʻa haʻawina lāʻau ia'ku, oa. E. ka pā lonoaʻili o ka mycobacteria moʻomeheu i mahiʻia i loko o ke keʻena hoʻokolohua, i medicamentous hoʻomākaukau.

I keia la, i ka papa kuhikuhi ano o ka hana maikaʻiʻole o ka tuberculosis i loko o ka lokomaikai o ka lapaʻau no TB, i mea he multicomponent. Hoomaopopo ternary, quaternary a me quinary hana regimen.

Ternary kiʻikuhi kuhi i ka hoʻohana 'ana o ka ekolu hoʻokumu paʻa ai' - "Streptomycin" "INH" a me ka para-aminosalicylicʻakika (Pas). Kēia noaia He He Classic, nae, ua kākaʻikahi hoʻohana i kēia lā no ka mea, o ka kaʻawahia kiʻekiʻe o Pas. Ke kaʻina hana hoʻohana chetyrohkomponentnoy "Rifampicin" ( "Rifabutin") "INH" "Pyrazinamide" "Ethambutol". He nui ka 'inikua-oaio? A hoʻohana i oi holomua' ana i kūpono -ʻelima-he noaia mea, ma ka hou ana i ka luna eha ai 'i hoʻohana "Ciprofloxacin".

Au pono aku nei au ia tuberculosis - he insidious maʻi, no ka i ka mea ulu o ka tubercle bacillus ke kumu i loko o ke kanaka kino. Lapaʻau E e koke a me ka pololei, no ka mea, i loko o ka wa e kaawale aku o ka make mai ka maʻi Inc nā kūlanaʻelua 50% o ka hihia. Lethal hoʻokūkū ia lŘlŘ i loko o ka makahiki kakaikahi, mai ka hoʻomaka 'ana o ka hana pae o ka maʻi. Ke koe 50% o ka hihia palapala i loko o ka maʻi ano o ka maʻi. A, ke ahonui, ka mea i hoike i ka maʻi tuberculosis mea pilikia i na mea e ae, e like me ka ka Naauao o mycobacteria ma ke kaiapuni.

Kāohi

Kāohi ana e ku e ia tuberculosis i kēia lā hiki ke wahi, malia paha, o ka BCG laʻau koʻokoʻo i ka pono i malama aku ai kekahi o ka noho pilikia loaʻano o ka tuberculosis - tuberculous meningitis. E like me ka National Immunization haʻalele 'ana, vaccinated keiki nō i loko o ka haukapila i ka mua 3-7 lā o ke ola. Next, ma ka 7 a me ka 14, ua lawe mai ma lalo o keʻano booster io Mantoux naoh a me ka wa e kaawale aku o contraindications.

BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Zherena) hōʻike maikaʻi hualoaʻa, akā, i ka OAXA vaccination ku tuberculosis aʻole i 'ae i loko o nā'āina o ko ke ao nei, ka mea a pau hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka iliwai o TB i loko o ka māhele' āina. A mau mahina ma hope o vaccination ma ka ka pahu kui paenaʻili naoh i Konakele. - he uuku sila.

Vaccinating ua contraindicated ke keiki i loko o ka kēia hihia.

• keiki diagnosed immunodeficiency, e like me ma ka 'ohana i ke kamaiki maka, e loaa ana mai o keia maʻi;
• he mau hoahanau a me na kaikuahine o ka mea keiki complications ai ka haohao ana ma hope o ia vaccines;
• ke keiki, eia congenital mā o ka Central ko mākou hopohopo nenoaiu.

Vaccination E eʻae mai inā:

• ke keiki ua ole donoshen,
• ia i loaʻa kekahi infectious maʻi,
• i ka makuahine a me ke keiki mea okoa RH ololi.

He nui no ka hoomanao i ka intractable maʻi ke kumu o ka tubercle bacillus. Lumi kanaka hoomanawanui i loko o ka Inc pono e e ola a me ka pololei. Pale excessive hokii o ka momomaʻai. Ke kaʻaluna o kaʻai i loko o TB e hoomanawanui i ka pilikia. O ke kumu ho i ka anatomical 'ole o MTB keena - iwi ka mea, loaʻa he wahi lihi iki o ka momona. A kanaka me ka pathology pono ai waiwai i loko o nā polokina, carbohydrates, nā wikamina a me microelements.

E loa kń ka likelihood o iniiaiie maʻiʻaʻai i loko o ka hale, ka mea i pono, e malama i ka pono pono'ī kou niho, e kali hou manawa ke ao o waho, e kau ka hulu hipa a me ka pulupulu nā huahana i loko o ka lā.