Ben Bernanke a me kona mau manao i ka hoʻokele waiwai

Ben Aia nō Bernanke i ma i Luna hoomalu o ka Papa o Kiaaina o ka Pekelala Reserve System 01.02.06, ke kūapoʻana ia Alana Grinspena. Ahaolelo Lahui hoʻoholo no laila, no ka mea, Bernanke ike pehea koi pohō a pili i ka pilina i ke kaumaha nui, a me ka manaoio ma ka emi ka waiwai o ke kālā ka mākaʻana.

hoʻoponopono ulia manakia

I mea e pale aku i ka global kaumaha i loko o nā kuʻina kakahiaka o ka hui panakō ka hoʻoponopono ulia, ka mea i hana i ka helu o ka hoʻonaʻauao kū hoʻokahi, na mea paahana o ka haawi aku i ai.

Bernanke alakaʻi o ka US Pekelala Reserve, ka wā i lilo ai i ka hou kūlana e hana, no ka laʻana, ho'ōla Bear Stearns a me ka lapaʻau pilikua o AIG, hāʻawi ana iā lākou i ka $ 150 ieeeea? Kōkua. E pau ana global panic, ka hānai hāʻawi i kālā hui o $ 540 ieeeea?.

Ben Bernanke (kiʻi ia hope i loko o ka 'atikala) ua kekahi pahu, e hoʻonui ana ma ka hamama ana o ka makeke, i ka wa i iho emi ole i ka uku kuala holo' awelika, ua lawa ia e hoopau ai i ka ulia i ka 2008. He hahai aku i ka manao o ka poʻe hoemi loa-makahiki hoihoi holo 'awelika, a hoonui i ka pōkole-makahiki.

Ben Bernanke hehi iho i ke poo o ka mea i hanai ai i ka January 31, 2014 oia i UAIAaIN e kahiko hope poʻo o ka Pekelala Reserve Dzhenet Yellen, i mea kōkua aloha i kona kūkulu 'ia.

Mea nui no ka US hoʻokele waiwai

Luna hoomalu o ka Pekelala Reserve Ben Bernanke ua kuleana no ka hooponopono o ka US koi pohō a kulekele. Ua mahuahua ka nui o ke kūlana o ka Pekelala Reserve nunui ma ka hopeʻumi makahiki, e like me ka nui o ke aupuni, aie complicate ka hikiāloaʻikepili'ōnaehana. E like me kekahi 'elele o ka Pekelala Reserve Bernanke i ka luna aneiai akamai o ke aupuni, a me kana mau olelo i ka hopena ma luna o ka pua paha market a me ke dala. I loko nō o kona loiloi i Luna hoomalu o ka Pekelala Reserve System i ka nui loa kanaka i loko o kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia, a no ia mea, i loko o ke ao nei hoʻokele waiwai.

Hope lunahoomalu o ka Pekelala Reserve

I loko nō o ka mea i ka ho'ākāka 'ana a me ka manaʻo o ke koi pohō a kulekele i Ua ka Pekelala Komite ma hamama market ana, o ka haawi aku i ai Luna hoomalu mea maʻa mau i ke kēpau. No ka mea, Ua hoonohoia no eha makahiki, ka mea, ua manaoia ia ia mea oi kūʻokoʻa ma mua o kekahi koho luna i mea kuleana i ka poe koho. Kēia e leie aku ka hānai, e hana i loko o ka lōʻihi makahiki, aole i mua o reacting i pokole-makahiki kālai'āina malihini. Mea Hana i ka haawi aku i ai, e like me ka pekelala dala ana, hana lohi, no ka eono mahina. Ke US hoʻokele waiwai mea e like me ka nui moku nele i ka holumua ai ka ao ao. Koi pohō aʻikepili "hooki-hele" hiki aku i ka maopopo, ka mea i kekahi o na kumu nui kumu o ka stagflation o na 1970s.

Ulia o ka 2008 kulanakauhale o

Inā Bernanke ua loa no Turtle pili i ka hana i loaʻa iā ia. Previous chairmen wale hoʻohana i ke aupuni pekelala dala kōmi - hooulu ana i na mea e paʻa emi ka waiwai o ke kālā a kuu iho la i ka ole i ka recession. I ka wā mai September 2007 a hiki i December 2008 Bernanke ikaika hoemiia ka uku 10 manawa mai 5.25% i 0%.

Akā, ka mea, ua i lawa, e hoihoi i kaʻoihana kālā o ke kapa,'ā'ā ma hope o ka paʻamau o subprime mortgages. Mau loan Ua ua ana aʻei a ua kuai lilo aku i moraki-makani hoʻi securities no laila, huikau iʻaʻole maoli hiki ole pohihihi mai, ia lakou i ka ino aie.

E like me ka hopena, kapa a ua papani iho la i laweʻae'ē i ka pokole-makahiki, a ua ana hoʻohana i ke ala, e halawai me ka haawi aku i ai ka hookoe koi. I Bernanke ka muli o kā lākou mau nanea wale, i kuʻu iho hoihoi holo 'awelika, me ka hope, oia i haawi mai i ka hoaie ma ka puka makani uku ho'ēmi.

I ka wā i ua ole lawa, ma December 2007,ʻo ia i hana i ka puu dala TAF ma i ka haawi aku i ai noi ai kapa ieeeea? A dala, e lawe me collateral ino aie. TAF Ua manao ia e ka pokole ana a hiki i ke kālā kulanui mai i palapala aku inoino aie, a hou hoʻomaka e hāʻawi'ai'ē aku i kekahi i kekahi. A hiki keia i ole e hiki mai, ka TAF i nohoʻOi aʻe, hiki i ka piko o ka $ 1 trillion i loko o June 2008.

Ke ola o ke ao nei kālā'ōnaehana

Bernanke Ua hana me ka Central kapa a puni ka honua, e hoʻihoʻiʻoihana kālā, ka wā uku wahi kanaka froze. He nui ae overnights a me ka pōkole-kau aie kuapo laina i ke hoʻololi i ka malama i ka pua paha o ka US kālā kuai ia me nā aina i 180 ieeeea dala. Kēia ua pono no ka mea, na kapa hoʻomaka e panic stocking dala. Ka mea, makau iho la lakou i ka haawi ana i kekahi i kekahi, no ka mea, i ole makemake e noho me ka loko, mai subprime mortgages.

I 'Apelila o ka makahiki 2008, i ka Federal Reserve lunahoomalu Ben Bernanke i ekemu ae kona mua halawai Ahaolelo o ka hope 30 makahiki e kumu hoʻomalu Bear Stearns loan no laila, ua JP Morgan ke kuai ia. He hiki ke pale aku i ka paʻamau ma ka nui o ka 10 trillion dala, i ua waiwai ia e Bear Stearns, a me nā kapa i ua hiki no kekahi mau mahina, e auwē ai i ke ola. Ma II sq. I ka 2008 o ka hoʻokele waiwai nui, a me na mea he nui i manao ai i ka poino iʻewaʻewa.

Akā, i loko o Kepakemapa 2008, i ka honua i ka nui lapaʻau poe AIG kūkala i ka hiki panakalupa. AIG LIKE hoʻopaʻa waiwai moraki loan o trillions o dala. Inā i ka poe nele, ka mea, ina ua hana ino i kēlā me kēia kapa, pa dala a me ka hoomau waihona me ka'āina i moraki-makani hoʻi securities. Bernanke la o AIG kākoʻo huhu ia oi ma mua o kekahi mea e ae iloko o ka recession. AIG i ka pilikia ma ka 'ole-hooponopono huahana, e like me aie ka paʻamau swaps, hoʻohana' dala policyholders heluna.

noʻonoʻo loi

He nui lawmakers a economists i nema aku i ka "helekopa Ben," no ka pahu kui i loko o ka hoʻokele waiwai 'ana o na mea he nui trillions o ka dala, a hiki palena papaha i emi ka waiwai o ke kālā a me ka hoomahuahua i ka aie. Kekahi poe hewa ia mea i loko o ka mea e oia pono i ole foresee he recession. He ua kauoha me ka huna ai o ka 'ike e pili ana i kapa i i loaa mai i ka $ 2 trillion ka TAF loan. Rep Ron Pol a me kekahi poe e ae ua hea aku no ka iiaeaaony hooia ia e hōʻike єtih finansovіh inoa o nā kulanui. Ben Bernanke, nā hōʻike manaʻo o ka i nui 'Aha'ōlelo ole he nui loa malimali, aa ai mamua aku i loaʻa hou-hookohu i loko o January 2010. Akā, Obama i hana ia me ka nanea ana.

Life ma hope o hoohuoi ia

Mahope o ka resignation hele mai i ka puke o Memories e pili ana i ka ulia a me kona hopena, i ka mea kākau o ka i ua Ben Bernanke. "Ka ikaika e Kanawai" wehewehe i ka wā o kona loiloi ma ke poʻo o ka hipa iā lākou, a me kekahi mau i ka haʻi aku i ia mea hou he Republican, no ka mea, ua maluhiluhi o "predisposition o na lala o keia aoao a hiki i ka naaupo o ka lōʻihi ka pono." E like me ia ia ia, i kēia lā ia mea he lōpū, a kuokoa manaʻo noho no laila, i loko o ka wā e hiki mai.

Eia hou kekahi, oia ka ke kumu o kekahi mau puke ma luna o ka hoʻokele waiwai, me:

• " 'Ole-koi pohō a hopena o ke kālā i loko o ka hoʻoponopono ulia o ka propagation o ke kaumaha Great"
• "Macroeconomics o ke kaumaha Great"
• "Emi ka waiwai o ke kālā ka mākaʻana: Ka Anahonua, o International Experience"
• puke "Macroeconomics" (Ben Bernanke, Endryu Abel).

Ma Pepeluali 2014, ua lilo iho la i honorary piha hoa o ka Brookings hoa kulanui. Hoi, a kuka Hutchins Center ma e hoike ana i ka lehulehu e pili ana i ka auhau a me ka monitarnoy pilikino E pili a me ka paipai 'ana i kona laulā.

Ben Bernanke: Kawaihae

Bernanke Ua hānauʻia ma luna o 13/12/53 ma Augusta (HI), a kupu ae la ia ma Dillon (South Carolina). Ben ka makua kāne i ka pharmacist, a me kona makuwahine - he kumu.

I kona makahiki 12, lanakila 'o ia ia i ka moku'āina pela Competition no ka ike. He ao mai la ia ia iho palena pau a me ka integral calculus, mai keia kumuhana ua noho e makou i kona kula. Ben i hoʻokani altsaksofone.

Puka 'o ia mai ka'āuna kumu o ka' aoʻao hoʻokele waiwai ma Harvard University (1975), a loaa i kona Ph.D. ma mit (1979).

Ben Bernanke a me kana wahine Anna, ua mare May 29, 1978 lākou ua hānau keiki na mau.

He hoomaka e ao ana? Aneia iainiiaaiea ma Stanford University, kahi āna i hana i loko o 1979-1985, niioaaonoaaiii. Full Kumu, ua lilo oia i ka makahiki 1985, ka wā āna i neʻe ai i ke kulanui ', a hana like me ka kipa Kumu ma New York University a me mit. He Ua paʻiʻia kaiāulu ma ka laulā o oicyenoaaiiie nīnūnē, ma ka Vol. H. Ma nā kumuhana apau loa o macroeconomics, koi pohō a kulekele, ka Great kaumaha, a me ka pāʻoihana kalapona.

He loaa i ka Guggenheim noho pu ana, a me ka Sloan Foundation, a ma ka 2001, lilo ka luna hoʻoponopono o ka "American Economic Review". ʻO kēia makahiki, ua hoonohoia oia i kekahi hoa o ka i hanai ai i ka Papa o Kiaaina, a i kapa ia no kona lawe ia'ku, noiʻi a me ka diplomacy ka wā o nā manaʻo oko i waena o na kiaaina. Bernanke pili aupuni keiki i akaka no ka puka i loko o kakahiaka 2005ʻo ia i hoʻonohoʻia ka wā lunahoomalu o ka Papa, Peresidena ma aneiai nīnūnē.

I ka 2009, "Time" Magazine kapa ia Man o ka Year.

kālaiʻike

Ben Bernanke ua emi outspoken o Greenspan, i mau olelo ma kumuhana apau loa i pili i ke koi pohō a kuwaho, a me commenting ma ka Bedroom nele a me ka auhauʻoki. He ua i kaʻeleu kākoʻo iā ia, o ka oi aniani moakaka ka Federal Reserve System, i maopopo distinguishes ia mai "fedyaza" Greenspan, ka mea ia i hoʻohana i ka aha kanaka i overreacted i kona mau manaʻo.

Kumu o ka 'ike, a e leie aku e kiʻi i ka manaʻo e pili ana i kino kālaiʻike, koi e Ben Bernanke - nā puke a me economist manaʻo.

emi ka waiwai o ke kālā ka mākaʻana

Ben Bernanke, me ka hanai aku hoʻololi i ka papa o ka manawa Greenspan hoomaka ae la e hookupaa i kekahi laulā ka pale kaua no ka emi ka waiwai o ke kālā. Oiai he nui Europa kapa, me ka Bank o 'Enelani , a me ka Europa Central Bank, i kekahi pale kaua, i ka Amerika Huipuia, i ole, a me Greenspan i ole he kākoʻo iā ia, o ia ka hele.

I ka lā i kakahiaka nui o Bernanke mau hoʻokumu paʻa philosophical a stylistic oko ao me Greenspan ho'āla i ke kuai. I ka manawa kūpono o ka neʻe ana i ke kulekele o ka mākaʻana hoohihiaia kekahi nā kānaka kālailai, like Greenspan i ike ole e ho'āʻo e mālama i ka paa kumu pili. Ua eliminated kēia hemahema ia Bernanke papani iho la i Kupanaha kekahi huahelu.

No laila, ua hoomau oia i ke kulekele o ke openness nui o ka haawi aku i ai, o ka oi aku ia ma ka hope o 2007, a mahuahua nui i ke alapine (frequency) o Time]. Ka Federal Reserve, hoomaka ae la e hoolaha hapahā Time] no aneiai ulu a me ka kala, hoohalike ai i ka mea mua kalaka nui-makahiki. Ka mea, hoomaka ae la no hoi oia, e uhi i ka ekolu-makahiki au, like me nā makahiki mua.

deflation

Ka like Benom Bernanke ka Great kaumaha luna o ia i ka lifelong hoihoi i loko o ka hopena o ka deflation a me kona hopena ola kanaka ka ma. He i kuai i ka ikaika aversion e deflation, a me ka ikaika kākauʻana ma luna o kona Kāohiʻana.

Kona mau manaʻo e pili ana i keia mao ka wā i loko o November 2002 hāʻawiʻo ia i ka'ōlelo me ke kuleana "Deflation:. Pehea e hamama ai kona wa e kaawale aku" He haawiia keia i ka manao o ka economist Milton Friedman no e kahe mai ana i ke kala iloko o ka hoʻokele waiwai i ka helekopa. Mahuahua i kaʻoihana kālā o ka makeke ma ka hoʻoulu i ka loaʻa nui o ke kālā no nā mea hāʻawi, a malalo hoihoi holo 'awelika no ka i lawekahikiʻia ka ulu kōkua hoʻoulu i ka hoʻokele waiwai a me ka poe oopa i ka deflationary puʻe. Naʻe, i loko o ka pōʻaiapili o ke anaina kanaka, ka mea, ua i kahaki i ka moʻo o ka haawi aku i ai na mea paahana, e ka mea i ma kona hoʻolilo, a ma lalo o na kumu o ka 'Aʻohe kōmi.

emi ka waiwai o ke kālā

Oiai curbing deflationary puʻe ma ka hoʻoulu i ke kokuaia mai e kala hiki i ka maopopo inflationary hopena, ka mea, 'aʻole i manaʻo i Bernanke underestimated emi ka waiwai o ke kālā. He kākoʻo iā ia ka mākaʻana ma ka mea e malama i ka kŘpa a haʻahaʻa a me ka hale lio pae e hoʻokō mea hānai aneiai ulu.

Ben Bernanke (ʻike kamepiula kāleka): hōʻike manaʻo

Ka inoa o ka koʻikoʻi economist nana i lawe mai i ka global kālā'ōnaehana mai o ka ulia, i ole ole e lawe ka lanakila o na fraudsters. "Total" no ka 444 rubles, ka mea, i mua e uku 2-59 tausani. Rubles. Na olelo i pu ma ka wikiō, i olelo mai o Ben Bernanke. ʻike kamepiula palapala, hiki ke loaʻa hōʻike manaʻo o a ma luna o ka Internet - kekahi ano o nā paena withdrawals mai gullible poe kanaka. A me ka mea hou aku.

Ben Bernanke - Economist -, haohao o loko o ka ona o ka kaumaha, kekahi o ka mea nui US kālā poino Nui, a me kona kaila i hana ma ka makahiki o ka hana i loko o ka Federal Reserve System. Kona hookohu ia wahi hou a ka papa i ma kona hoʻokomo, a ia mau mea kākau ma ke kālā kuai, mai ka ka hoʻomauʻana o ka Luna hoomalu o ka hanai aku la o ke ki i kā lākou kumupaʻa.